The occurrence and development of some lymphomas are closely related to EB virus, including B cell lymphoma, NK/T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Many studies have shown that some gene expression products that related to EB virus latent infection play a crucial role in the development of lymphoma. In this paper, the structure and biological characteristics of EB virus, its gene expression products, the mechanism of tumorigenesis and the related lymphomas are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expressions of Cyclin D1 and p16 proteins in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. METHOD: Immunohistochemical technology (P-V) was applied to detect the expression of Cyclin D1 and p16 in 36 cases of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal epithelium. RESULT: (1) The expression of cyclin D1 in the tumorous cell was significantly higher than that in normal epithelium (P < 0.05). The expression of p16 in the tumorous cell was significantly lower than that in normal epithelium (P < 0.05); (2) The positive rate of Cyclin D1 was significantly correlated with clinical stage and cervical lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). The positive rate of p16 was correlated with cervical lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). The positive rates of Cyclin D1 and p16 were not correlated with the gender, age, tumor size, primary lesion and cell differentiation (P > 0.05); (3) There was correlation between the expression of Cyclin D1 and the expression of p16 (r(s) = -0.420, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The over-expression of Cyclin D1 and the under-expression of p16 may play a significant role in the occurrence incidence and development of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and may be important indicators for cervical lymph node metastases.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

Objective To assess the efficacy and side effects of intravesical instillation of BCG after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.Methods The clinical data of patients treated with BCG 120 mg per course induced perfusion or more after TURBT from December 2013 to October 2016 in 18 hospitals of northeast China region,were analyzed retrospectively.The first part,data of 106 patients with moderate,high-risk NMIBC were collected.A total of 83 patients were male,while the other 23 patients were female.The average age was 66.7 years old.The clinical staging were T1 in 86(81.1％) cases,Ta in 20(18.9％) cases and carcinoma in situ in 6 (5.7％) patients.Intravesical instillation of BCG was executed after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.The incidence rate of recurrence and progression during more than 6 months' follow-up time were observed.Multivariate analyses were done by using logistic analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model with Kaplan-Meier method.The second part,treatment compliance of 276 patients with bladder cancer,including moderate/high-risk NMIBC in 263 cases,moderate/high-risk NMIBC followed with renal pelvis/ureteral carcinoma in 8 cases were and moderate/high-risk NMIBC with renal pelvis/ureteral carcinoma in 5 cases who treated with BCG after the surgeries,were observed.Patients consisted of 211 males and 65 females with average age of 68.3 years.Results With a median follow-up of 12 months,9 (8.5％) patients experienced tumor recurrence and 2 (1.9％) patients were found progression in the first part.The one-year cancer free recurrence rate of the patients was 91.5％.Statistically significant prognostic factors for recurrence identified by multivariable analyses were prior recurrence of the tumors (OR =3.214,95％CI0.804-12.845,P =0.099).In the second port,an incidence rate of adverse effects was 64.1％ (177/276).The Ⅲ/Ⅳ degree complications were occurred in 11 patients and satisfactory outcomes achieved with active treatment.A total of 36 patients withdrawal with the major causes were recurrence and progression of bladder tumor in 12 cases (4.4 ％),9 cases (3.3 ％) with economic reasons and 11 cases (4.0％) with serious complications.Conclusions NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG therapy have approving cancer free recurrence rates and acceptable adverse effects.Prior recurrence may be prognostic factor of recurrence after intravesical BCG therapy.