Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in elderly men. Assessment of life expectancy is crucial for the treatment decision. However, accurate evaluation of individual life expectancy is still a challenge for us. By now, the life expectancy assessment methods mainly include query life table, online prediction questionnaire, gait speed monitoring, considering complications, and comprehensive prediction model. The first three evaluation methods are more convenient and have strong clinical feasibility. Complication calculation and comprehensive model are less convenient but may improve the accuracy of life expectancy prediction. The application of comprehensive prediction model is recommended at present. The prediction methods need further optimization and verification.

Objective To establish an orthotopic rat model of bladder cancer induced by N-methyl.nitrosourea (MNU)and to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT(computed tomography)scanning in this experimental model.Methods 50 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group(group A)with 15 rats and experimental group(group B)with 35 rats.Each rat of group B was treated with 2 mg MNU per dose every other week,totally 4 doses,by per urethra administration.Meanwhile,each rat of group A was treated with normal saline.Then,at the 14th week,all the rats were evaluated by CT scanning and pathological examination.Results Abnormal changes were detected in each of the 28 rats in group B by CT scanning,and manifested as local mass,thickening bladder wall accompanied with heterogeneous density.Bladder cancer was diagnosed by pathology.However,no bladder tumor was detected by CT scanning and pathologicalexamination in group A.Conclusion A rat model of orthotopic bladder cancer can be established by per urethra administration of MNU.CT scanning is a reliable diagnostic technique concerning this model.Furthermore,this technique can render US a more suitable rat model for further experimental studies on chemotherapy and radiotherapy of bladder Cancer.

Objective To investigate the short-term effects of intra-articular injection of hyaluronan on proprioception of the knee in gerontal patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The 53 gerontal patients were included in this study. The study included treatment group (n=35) and the placebo group (n=18). Hyaluronan was intra-articularly injected into both knees of the subjects in treatment group, whereas physiological saline was intra-articularly injected in the placebo group. Proprioception test was performed, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) scales were used to evaluate pain and physical function. Results Statistical analysis was performed on 100 knees of 50 patients who completed the trial. Compared with the placebo group,the average absolute angular error (AAAE) value in the treatment group was detected to be statistically lower one week after the 4th injection (1.8±0.9 vs.2.9±1.1,t=2.42,P=0.02),and WOMAC was lower in the treatment group after one week (8.7±3.1 vs.11.5±4.0, t=0.73,P＜0.05). Conclusions Intra-articular injection of hyaluronan in gerontal patients with knee OA leads to a short-term increase in proprioception, and significant improvement in the functional conditions of patients.