The purified oil of Anguilla japonica (139. 6-1116. 8 mg/kg) was administrated ig for 20 days in mice. Positive cell number of macrophage with Fc receptor, phago-cytic percentage and index were increased significantly. T lymphocyte transformation and activity of NK cell were enhanced merkedly. The amount of antibody forming cells was risen dramatically.

Objective:To optimize the ethanol precipitation technique for Fufang Shenqi soft capsules. Methods: An orthogonal design was used to optimize the technique with the relative density of the concentrated solution, ethanol concentration, standing time, temperature of ethanol precipitation as the influencing factors and the yield of dry extract and the content of total polysaccharides as the indices. Results:The best ethanol precipitation technique was as follows:the relative density of the concentrated solution was 1. 10, 95% ethanol was used to obtain 60% ethanol concentration, and the standing time was 48 h under the temperature of 10-30℃. Con-clusion:The optimized ethanol precipitation technique for Fufang Shenqi soft capsules is simple and practicable, and suitable for prac-tical production.

Refractory ulcer is a commonly seen disease clinically. We believe the therapeutic strategies for refractory ulcer should include changing life style, standardizing medication, tracing observation, and rechecking in regularity. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine can be used for the treatment. When the therapeutic effect is not good, diagnosis and therapeutic methods need to be re-judged.Local therapy and operation can be performed if necessary.

Objective:To develop the Abusive Behavior Scale for Superiors under the Chinese context (ABSSC) and test its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on literature analysis and the open questionnaire survey in 32 employees,this study defined the construct of ASBSS,and compiled the preliminary questionnaire.A sample of 200 employees coming from companies was selected for item analysis.A sample of 445 employees was investigated with this questionnaire,223 of them were assessed for exploratory factor analysis and 222 of them were assessed for confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency test with 2 week interval.Results:The ABSSC consisted of 11 items in 3 factors,which were neglect and slander,obstructionism and hard on subordinates.The 3 factors explained 55.45％ of the total variance.Furthermore,the result of CFA indicated that the model fitted the data with well constmct validity (RMSEA =0.06,GFI =0.94,NFI =0.92,CFI =0.96,IFI =0.96).The Cronbach α coefficient of the whole scale and its three facts were 0.87,0.79,0.78,and 0.76,respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that the Abusive Behavior Scale for superiors under the Chinese context (ABSSC) is reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure superiors' abusive behavior under the background of Chinese culture.

Objective To investigate the changes of the expression of HIF-1α (hypoxia induciblefactor-1a) mRNA in myocardium of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the intervention effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on it. Method Forty five male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( n = 15 ), cardiopulmonary resuscitation group ( CPR group, n = 15 ) and NaHS + CPR group (n = 15 ) . Rats of control group were anesthetized and intubated without asphyxia and cardiac arrest. The rats of CPR group and NaHS + CPR group were operated to induce cardiac arrest by asphyxiation. In the rats of NaHS + CPR group, NaHS in dose of 50 ug/kg was administrated via the femoral venous line 1 minute before CPR. Hemodynamic was monitored continuously. The expression of HIF - lα mRNA in myocardium of rats in each group was determined by using RT-PCR and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the myocardium of rats in each group was assayed by using a patent reagent box 6 h after CPR. The histopathological changes of myocardium were also observed. The t- test was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in hemodynamic changes between CPR group and CPR + NaHS group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) . When compared with the control group, the activity of MPO and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in CPR group and CPR + NaHS group were both increased, and those increased in CPR + NaHS group was more significant (P ＜ 0. 05) . When compared with CPR group, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in CPR + NaHS group was higher, however, the activity of MPO in CPR + NaHS group was lower ( P ＜ 0. 05) . There were various histopathological changes of myocardium of rats found in CPR group and CPR + NaHS group, and the damage of myocardium of rats in CPR group was more obvious than that in CPR + NaHS group. Conclusions The expression of HIF-1α mRNA in myocardium of rats was increased after CPR. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide can protect myocardium cells from resuscitation-perfusion injury, and the protection is associated with increase in expression of HIF 1 αmRNA.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly ( random number) divided into 4 groups:control group ( Ⅰ group),sepsis group ( Ⅱ group),sepsis + NaHS group (Ⅲ group),sepsis + PAG group (Ⅳ group). Cecal ligation and puncture technique was used in Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ group. Hemodynamic was observed,and H2S synthesis,CSE (cystathionine-r-lyase) mRNA,MPO activity and the level of TNF-α,IL-1β were determined.The morphological changes and infiltration of inflammatory cells in myocardium were also observed.Results Compared with Ⅰ group,H2S synthesis,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β,the activity of MPO increased ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ),and the expression of CSE-mRNA increased,and blood pressure of rats decreased significantly in Ⅱ group.Compared with Ⅱ group,H2S synthesis,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and the activity of MPO increased (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of CSE mRNA did not change noticeably ( P ＞ 0.05),and blood pressure of rats decreased more significantly in Ⅲ group.Compared with Ⅱ group, H2S level decreased,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and the activity of MPO decreased significantly,the expression of CSE mRNA decreased and blood pressure of rats decreased in Ⅵ group (P ＜0.05).Histopathological changes of myocardium were aggravated in the following severity order: Ⅰ ＜ Ⅳ ＜＜ Ⅲ.Conclusions CSE/H2S system of the myocardium was upregulated in sepsis rats.Hydrogen sulfide could raise the levels of MPO,TNF-α,IL-1β,aggravating myocardial injury. Contrarily,the inhibitor of H2S could counteract it.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of SLA class II genes in Canadian SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.Methods Blood samples were obtained from 15 SPF Yorkshire and 22 Landrace pigs for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells respectively, and the DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes were amplified by PCR after reverse transcription.SLA class II genes were obtained by analyzing the direct and cloning result.The polymorphism of alleles was analyzed using the DNAsp 5.0 software.Results A total of 25 alleles were identified at three genes, including eight DQB1, ten DRB1 and seven DQA, and three alleles were submitted the complete sequences for the first time.The official allele names were assigned as SLA-DQB1*0212 (KU754590), SLA-DQB1*0203 (KU754591) and DRB1*06:07(KU754601) by the SLA Nomenclature Committee.Three novel DQA alleles were discovered.Five of the 15 amino acids, one of the 16 amino acids and 11 of the 19 amino acids, which bind processing antigens, showed well conserved among the alleles of DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes in the SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, respectively.Neighbor-joining tree showed that the three genes were divided into two clusters, respectively.There was a close relationship between SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs and foreign Yucatan miniature pigs, and it showed no obvious genetic distance with other pigs.Conclusions A total of 25 SLA class II alleles have been identified successfully in this study, and there are more abundant polymorphism for them.There is a widely distribution for SLA class II alleles identified in this study in other pig breeds.It is critical for the eventual future use of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs as classical laboratory animal models.

Objective To establish a breeding method ofMyodes rufocanus in the laboratory,collect their growth and reproduction data,and provide a basis for carrying out the experimental animalization.Methods Wild Myodes rufocanus caught in the Moranbong woodland were brought back to the laboratory.They were bred artificially in a large hard wall rodent negative pressure isolator.Their growth and reproduction data were recorded for evaluating the results of breeding.Results The Myodes rufocanus were successfully bred in the laboratory.The pregnancy rate was 54.55%.The average pregnancy length was 20.4 days(8 to 22 days).During one breeding period,they gave birth 2.9 times on average.The maximum number of births was 7 times,far more than the number tested under field conditions.The average litter size was 4.3±1.22.The highest litter number of a single nest was 8.The weaning rate of pups was 94.8%.The growth and development of pups were good.Conclusions The breeding method for Myodes rufocanus is established.The growth and reproduction data are tested too.The results of our study laid a foundation for the experimental animalization of Myodes rufocanus.

To investigate the interaction and involvement of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H(2)S donor, on hippocampus of rats suffering from sepsis-associated encephalopathy, rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham group, CLP group, CLP+NaHS group and CLP+aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, an inhibitor of H(2)S formation) group. The four groups were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 h after treatment. We examined hippocampal H(2)S synthesis and the expression of cystathionine-β-synthetase (CBS), a major enzyme involved in the H(2)S synthesis in hippocampus. CBS expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) were determined in hippocampus by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neuronal damage was studied by histological examination of hippocampus. In CLP group, H(2)S synthesis was significantly increased in hippocampus compared with sham group and it peaked 3 h after CLP (P<0.05). Sepsis also resulted in a significantly upregulated CBS mRNA in hippocampus. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus were substantially elevated at each time point of measurement (P<0.05), and they also reached a peak value at about 3 h. Administration of NaHS significantly aggravated sepsis-associated hippocampus inflammation, as evidenced by TNF-α and IL-1β activity and histological changes in hippocampus. In septic rats pretreated with AOAA, sepsis-associated hippocampus inflammation was reduced. It is concluded that the rats subjected to sepsis may suffer from brain injury and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for the process. Furthermore, administration of H(2)S can increase injurious effects and treatment with AOAA can protect the brain from injury.

Objective Grey red-backed voles (Myodes rufocanus) are agile, fierce and hard to catch, thus, it is difficult to judge their gender by external appearance, especially for the juvenile voles. Therefore, it may cause difficulties to their allocation and later breeding in laboratories. The aim of this paper is to establish a rapid, simple and accurate method for gender identification of grey red-backed voles. Methods Fresh hair follicles were taken from 6 adult male voles, 3 adult females and 14 4-week-old juvenile voles, 5 male and 5 female 9-week-old Wistar rats, and 5 male and 3 female 6-week-old BALB/c mice. The genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex-100 resin and the zinc-finger Y/X gene (ZFY/ZFX) and the gene of sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) chromosome were amplified by PCR, and a double PCR amplification method was established. Results The ZFY/ZFX gene and SRY gene were simultaneously amplified from the male voles, while only the ZFY/ZFX gene was amplified from the females. The gender of all 23 voles, 10 Wistar rats and 8 BALB/c mice were correctly identified with this method, and the PCR results were consistent with the phenotypic and autopsy results. Conclusions Using fresh hair follicles as experimental materials for gender identification of grey redbacked voles can alleviate shock and damage to the animals. The established double PCR amplification method is accurate, simple, rapid, and deserves to be used for gender identification of grey red-backed voles.