Intestinal microbes play a vital role in the development of colorectal diseases.Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), an commensal resident in the human gut, is closely associated with colorectal diseases, and attracted widespread attention.Studies have found that Fn may contribute to the development and prognosis of inflammation and colorectal cancer.This article reviews the research advances of the relationship between Fn and the development of colorectal diseases.

Background:Celiac disease has a wide range of clinical manifestations and a higher prevalence in women.Aims:To evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics in adult celiac disease patients with different genders.Methods:Adult patients(age≥18 years)diagnosed as celiac disease from July 2017 to July 2022 at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were included consecutively in the retrospective study.Comparisons of baseline demography,and clinical and pathological features between different genders were performed.Results:A total of 73 adult celiac disease patients were enrolled,19 were males and 54 were females,with the ratio of male to female being 1:2.84.The peak age group of onset was 30-59 years old,with an average age of(50.2±13.6)years for men and(43.5±13.2)years for women at diagnosis.There was no significant difference in the distribution of different age groups between men and women(P>0.05),but the proportion of women in 18-49 years age group and≥50 years age group were both higher than that of men with statistical significance(P<0.05).The most common gastrointestinal symptoms were chronic diarrhea(56.2%)and abdominal pain(56.2%),and anemia was the most common extraintestinal manifestation(50.7%),which was existed in 36.8%of males and 55.6%of females.Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were more common in females(all P<0.05),whereas no statistically significant differences were found between male and female groups in other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations,such as chronic diarrhea,flatulence,decreased appetite,weight loss,chronic fatigue,anemia,hypoproteinemia,osteoporosis/bone loss,etc(all P>0.05).The pathological grading of small intestinal biopsy was Marsh Ⅱin 6 cases,and Marsh Ⅲa,Ⅲb and Ⅲc in 14,23,and 30 cases,respectively.No statistically significant difference was observed in pathological grading between patients with different genders(P>0.05).Conclusions:There is a marked female predominance in adult celiac disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and women were diagnosed at a younger age.Chronic diarrhea,abdominal pain and anemia present as the most common gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifes-tations.Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting are more common in women than in men.

Purpose: Ischemic brain injury results in high mortality and serious neurologic morbidity. Here, we explored the role of SNHG15 in modulating neuronal damage and microglial inflammation after ischemia stroke. Materials and Methods: The hypoxia/ischemia models were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were conducted to determine the levels of SNHG15, miR-302a-3p, and STAT1/NF-κB. Moreover, gain- or loss-of functional assays of SNHG15 and miR-302a-3p were conducted. MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of HT22 cells, and the apoptotic level was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the ischemia cortex and OGD/R-treated BV2 microglia. Results: The SNHG15 and STAT1/NF-κB pathways were both distinctly up-regulated, while miR-302a-3p was notably down-regulated in the ischemia cortex. Additionally, overexpressing SNHG15 dramatically enhanced OGD/R-mediated neuronal apoptosis as well as the expression of oxidative stress and inflammation factors from microglia. In contrast, knocking down SNHG15 or overexpressing miR-302a-3p relieved OGD/R-mediated neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation. Moreover, the rescue experiment testified that overexpressing miR-302a-3p also attenuated SNHG15 up-regulation-induced effects. In terms of the mechanisms, SNHG15 sponged miR-302a-3p and activated STAT1/NF-κB as a competitive endogenous RNA, while miR-302a-3p targeted STAT1 and negatively regulated the STAT1/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion SNHG15 was up-regulated in the hypoxia/ischemia mouse or cell model. The inhibition of SNHG15 ameliorates ischemia/hypoxia-induced neuronal damage and microglial inflammation by regulating the miR-302a-3p/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.

Objective: To understand the real experience of the head nurses in the management process of standardized training nurses and to provide a reference for perfecting the standardized training project and improving the training quality. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among eleven head nurses and data were analyzed by Colaizzi method. Results: Three themes were extracted as follows: positive management methods; difficulties and challenges; need of support from superior nursing managers. Conclusion Understanding the experiences and feelings of head nurses in the management process of standardized training nurses can help sum up experience and find out the defect,then pay attention to seek effective solution and enhance training result.

Objective To investigate the curative effect and mechanism of α lipoic acid combined with epalrestat and methylcobalamin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with pe-ripheral neuropathy ( DPN) . Methods A total of 160 cases of patients with DPN were randomly divided into the control group ( treated with methylcobalamin and epalrestat) and the observation group ( treated with methylcobalamin, epalrestat and α lipoic acid) , and all patients were treated for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effect, nerve conduction velocity, oxidative stress index and related proteins expression in serum were ob-served in two groups. Results The effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (87. 50％ vs 75. 0％) (χ2 = 4. 103,P<0. 05). After treatment, the sensory nerve conduction velocity ( SNCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV) of median nerve and common peroneal nerve were significantly better in the observation group than the control group ( P<0. 05 ) . After treatment, the level of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group, while the level of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) was significantly lower the control group (P<0. 05). After treatment, the level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in observation group than the control group, while the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusions The application ofαlipoic acid combined to epalrestat and methylcobal-amin in the treatment of DPN can significantly improve the sensory and motor nerve conduction.

To evaluate the association between serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titers and the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa and to predict a possible anti-tTG cutoff value for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) and villous atrophy in the domestic population. Clinical and pathological data from 76 adult CD patients with positive anti-tTG titers and duodenal biopsy results who were treated at the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between anti-tTG titers and the severity of duodenal mucosal damage was statistically assessed to predict the optimal anti-tTG titer cut-off value for diagnosing CD and villous atrophy. Of the 76 patients, 10 had underlying CD, and of the 66 patients with duodenal histopathology, four were Marsh Ⅰ, six were Marsh Ⅱ, and 56 were Marsh Ⅲa-c grade. In adults with CD, anti-tTG titers were shown to be associated with the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa. When the anti-tTG level was ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CD were 83.9% and 92.9%, respectively. When the anti-tTG titer was ≥8 times the ULN, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing villous atrophy were 67.9% and 90.0%, respectively. Anti-tTG levels had a strong predictive value for diagnosing CD in adults when titers exceeded 10 times the ULN. Thus, the anti-tTG cut-off value can be combined with clinical judgment to diagnose CD, limiting the use of invasive endoscopy.

Recent clinical studies have shown that mutation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene in cancer cells may be associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and poor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Therefore, efficiently restoring PTEN gene expression in cancer cells is critical to improving the responding rate to ICB therapy. Here, we screened an adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid for efficient PTEN gene delivery into B16F10 tumor cells. We demonstrated that intratumorally injected AAV6-PTEN successfully restored the tumor cell PTEN gene expression and effectively inhibited tumor progression by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) and increasing immune cell infiltration. Moreover, we developed an anti-PD-1 loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG), which formed an in situ depot and sustainably release anti-PD-1 drugs within 42 days in vivo. In order to effectively inhibit the recurrence of melanoma, we further applied a triple therapy based on AAV6-PTEN, PPSG^@anti-PD-1 and CpG, and showed that this triple therapy strategy enhanced the synergistic antitumor immune effect and also induced robust immune memory, which completely rejected tumor recurrence. We anticipate that this triple therapy could be used as a new tumor combination therapy with stronger immune activation capacity and tumor inhibition efficacy.