Bacterial biofilm refers to a tunicate-like biological group composed of polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid secreted by bacteria on the surface of the mucous membrane or biological material. The biofilm formation is a major cause of chronic infections. Bacteria could produce some secondary metabolites during the growth and reproduction. Some of them act as signaling molecules allowing bacteria to communicate and regulate many important physiological behaviors at multiple-cell level, such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, motility and lifestyles. Usually, these signal molecules play an important role in the formation of bacterial biofilm. We review here the effects of related signal molecules of Quorum Sensing, cyclic diguanylate, Two-Component Systems and sRNA on the biofilm formation. Focusing on these regulation mechanism of signal molecules in the process of biofilm formation is necessary for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases.
Bacterial Proteins ; Biofilms ; Cyclic GMP ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Protein Binding ; Quorum Sensing