Background and objectiveRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become one of the local treatment for inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). hTis study observes effectiveness and safety of computed tomog-raphy (CT) guided RFA followed intratumoral chemotherapy (RFA-ITC).MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, our group perspec-tively enrolled inoperable early stage NSCLC underwent RFA-ITC duo to poor cardiopulmonary function or with other dis-eases or patient can't tolerate or reject surgery. RFA was performed by a directive apparatus assisted CT guided semi real-time and step-by-step puncture method, conformal umbrella-shaped electrode and single or multiple targets ablation. While the plan ifnished and CT showed normal lung tissue around the tumor present ground-glass opacity (GGO), the procedure ended, then 200 mg of carboplatinum were injected into the tumor via the electrode needle. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated byfollow-up.Results Technical success rates of 125 RFA-ITC treatments of 110 patients were 100%. hTe median survival was 48.0 months, overall survival (OS) was 55.4 months, progression-free survival was 55.1 months, 1, 2, 3, 5-year OS rates were 100%, 90.7%, 62.7%, 21.9%, respectively. Survival of GGO presence or not was 68.3 months and 40.1 months, respectively (P=0.001). hTe survival rates of the N1 staging and tumor size was no signiifcant difference. No perioperative deaths occurred, the main complicationsi.e. pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, fever, intraoperative chest pain, subcuta-neous emphysema, intraoperative cough were slight and tolerable.ConclusionCT guided RFA-ITC provides a good method for treatment of inoperable early stage NSCLC with better survival, less complication and small damage.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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