Professor Darryl Macer considers love as the universal principle of bioethics,and tries to turn the paradigm of bioethics shaped from Christian culture into a universal bioethics paradigm.However,he ignores the pluralism of world's culture and moral,suspected to generalize about the whole picture.Among a variety of culture in the world,each is a moral community,with its own system of moral value.The love is understood and interpreted in different ways,so that it can't be the universal and the only paradigm of bioethics.

A pandemic influenza is an epidemic that outbreaks worldwide.Not only medical issues but also ethical issues of public health should be solved in the process of responding to pandemic influenza.It is vital to study ethical issues of public health posed in responding to pandemic influenza and discuss how to solve them ethically,which can provide a basis for formulating relevant policies and laws,and also can provide ethical evidences for evaluating whether the responding act is effective and can be justified ethically.

Objective To study the mobilizing effect induced by low dose irradiation on mouse peripheral blood(stem/progenitor) cells.Methods Peripheral blood CFU-GM was cultivated in methylcellulose semi-solid culture system,and c-kit~+cells were counted by flow cytometry after low dose irradiation or combined with G-CSF.(Results The) CFU-GM and c-kit~+ cells of peripheral blood in irradiated mice were much higher than those in control mice,the CFU-GM started to increase at 24 h after irradiation,reached maximum at 72 h and stayed high level till 96 h.The CFU-GM and c-kit~+cells at 72 h after 75 mGy irradiation were the most.The CFU-GM and c-kit~+cells in semi-dose G-CSF+75 mGy group were much higher than those in simple low dose irradiation group and were close to those in the group dealed with adequate G-CSF.Conclusion Low dose irradiation can mobilize peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells,and low dose irradiation combined with G-CSF can produce synergetic effect.

Objective To investigate the evolution of diffusion indices in the pyramidal tract with Wallerian degeneration(WD)due to cerebral infarction using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and to study the relationship between early changes of diffusion indices and motor deficit.Methods Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females)with acute cerebral infarction(within 7 days)were recruited from the Neurology Department from Mar 2006 to Jan 2007.A11 patients were assessed with DTI.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),Bathel Index(BI),modified Rankin Scale(mRS)and Motricity Index(MI)within 7 days from onset,and at the second week.DTI was performed with SIEMENS Trio 3.0 T MR scanner.The placement of region of interest(ROI),measurement of diffusion indices were performed by DTI Studio software.The mean diffusivity(MD),the fractional anisotropy(FA),the first eigenvalue (λ1),the second eigenvalue(λ2),and the third eigenvalue(λ3)were computed.Results At the second week.NIHSS was 6.93±3.39.BI 45.33±26.01,mRS 4.33±0.90.and MI 69.47± 60.71.At the second week from onset.MD of the pyramidal tract at the levels of the middle slice of pons and the superior slice of medulla oblongata showed no significant differences between both the two sides at second week from onset. Other ROI showed significant differences between both sides.MD.FA and λ1 of affected side were lower than the unaffected side.λ2 and λ3 of the affected side were higher than the unaffected side.Positive correlations were found between FA and BI(r=0.530,P=0.042),FA and MI(r=0.543,P=0.036)at the second week.Negative correlations were found between FA and NIHSS(r=-0.613,P=0.015)at the second week.Conclusions DTI can detect the changes in the pyramidal tract due to WD within 7-14 days after ischemic stroke.including a decrease of the fractional anisotropy.the first eigenvalue and increased the second and the third eigenvalues.The fractional anisotropy of the second week from onset is related to the outcome of the motor function.

Objective To study the correlation between novelty seeking(NS) personality of healthy young individuals and fractional anisotropy (FA) with voxel-based analysis (VBA) of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and explore the microstructure of white matter of personality.Methods Total 333 healthy right handed volunteers completed the Chinese version of the TPQ and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),and then finished 3D T1 structure scan,DTI scan.All preprocessed DTI datum was analyzed with SPM8 soft ware in partial correlation analysis,using age and depression scores as controlled variable.The correlation studied between NS and FA (a voxel significance threshold P ＜ 0.001 and a cluster extent threshold of 30 voxels).Results NS score of men and women were 14.55 ± 4.66 and 14.08 ± 5.42 points,and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (t =0.81,P=0.46).BDI score of men were higher than that of women (t =3.10,P=0.002),which were 9.23 ± 7.90 and 6.76 ± 5.79 points respectively.NS correlated negatively with FA of the right inferior frontal gyrus,and the right supramarg(i)nal gyrus(P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion NS personality has specific microstructure background of white matter.

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detection and accurate staging of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Methods The results of PET-CT of 94 patients with NHL were retrospectively analyzed.The consistency of checking out lesions and accurate staging by PET-CT were compared with those by other imaging examination in extranodal NHL.Results 432 lesions were checked out by PET-CT, including 319 (73.8 ％) lymphoid tissues and organs with the average SUVmax of 13.4 (3.4-33.4), and 113 (26.2 ％) extranodal lesions with the average SUVmax of 13.5 (3.1-55.0).The detection consistent rate between CT and PET-CT for lymphoid tissues and lymph organ lesions was 95 ％, while the consistent rate of the extranodal lesions was only 54.9 ％.The detection rates of PET-CT for soft tissue, bone and gastrointestinal lesions were higher than those of CT, but the detection rate for the bone marrow lesion was lower than that for the bone marrow cytology.According to the results of PET-CT, the stages of 29 patients (31.0 ％) were re-adjusted, including up-regulated for 75.9 ％ (22/29) because of high detection rates of PET-CT for soft tissue and skeletal lesions, and down-regulated for 24.1％ (7/29) mainly due to the strong resolution capability of PET-CT for detection of non-neoplastic lymph nodes and spleen increasing or effusion.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT can improve the detection rate of NHL extranodal lesions, especially for diffuse non-mass lesions in bone and soft tissues, which facilitates the accurate lymphoma staging.

AIM: To observe the changes of cystathionine-lyase/hydrogen sulfide(CSE/H_2S) in vivo in vascular calcification and to explore the role of CSE/H_2S in vascular calcification.METHODS: Vascular calcification model in rats was induced by administration of vitamin D_3 plus nicotine.The extent of calcification was estimated by assaying calcium content.[~(45)Ca~(2+)] deposition and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity were detected.CSE mRNA amount was determined by using competitive quantitative RT-PCR.The content of H_2S and activity of CSE in the plasma and cardiovascular tissues were also determined with biochemical methods.RESULTS: Calcium content in myocardium increased by 3.8 folds in a calcification model.Compared to control,calcium content,[~(45)Ca~(2+)] accumulation and ALP activity in calcified arteries increased by 6.8,1.4,and 1.9 folds,respectively(P

Objective To study the setting up a model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in pigs. Methods In pigs, OLT were performed based on the porcine anatomical and physiological features, and the extracorporeal veno venous bypass was established during the anhepatice stage. Results Fourteen pigs(87.5%) of 16 OLT survived after the operation, and the haemodynamics?serum biochemical parameters and core temperature were maintained in the normal value during OLT. Conclusions Extracorporeal venovenous bypass and perfect surgical techniques based on the anatomical and physiological features are the key to successful OLT in pigs.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on postoperative clinical outcomes in pa-tients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy. Methods 454 patients underwent elective laparoscopic colecto-my from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups:ulinastatin group and control group. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the preoperative baseline differences between 2 groups. 155 patients in each group were successfully matched. Mixed linear model was used to exam the effect of ulinastatin on various clinical indicators within 3 days after the surgery,including in-flammation indicators(white blood cell counts,C reactive protein),liver function indicators(alanine transami-nase,aspartate transaminase,total bilirubin),renal function indicators(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen). Postoperative hospital length of stay was compared between 2 groups using student's t-test. Results Ulinastatin group showed significantly reduced postoperative white blood cell count and ? reactive protein level (P = 0.036 and 0.025)compared with the control group. The average mean inhibitory effects were 1.04×109/L and 23.93 mg/L respectively,which was 11.1% and 29.9% lower than that of the control group. Procalcitonin,transaminases,total bilirubin,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen levels and postoperative hospital length of stay showed no signifi-cant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusion Ulinastatin can significantly reduce the level of inflammation response after laparoscopic colectomy,which is beneficial to the fast recovery.

OBJECTIVE: This experiment aims to determine the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes in rabbit models in comparison with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional MRI and DWI were performed at 4 weeks after successful inoculation into the forty female New Zealand white rabbits' mammary glands. The size-based and signal-intensity-based criteria and the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) value were compared between the axillary inflammatory lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes, with histopathological findings as the reference standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the aforementioned criteria and rADC value in differentiating the axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: Thirty-two axillary inflammatory lymph nodes and 46 metastatic ones were successfully isolated and taken into pathological analysis. The differences of the aforementioned criteria between the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the rADC value of the inflammatory lymph nodes (0.9 +/- 0.14) was higher than that of metastatic ones (0.7 +/- 0.18), with significant difference (p = 0.016). When the rADC value was chosen as 0.80, the area under the ROC curve is greater than all other criteria, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for differentiating two groups were 86.2%, 79.3%, 81.2%, 84.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted imaging is a promising new technique for differentiating axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes. Compared with routine magnetic resonance sequences, DWI could provide more useful physiological and functional information for diagnosis.
Animals ; Axilla ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Inflammation/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; ROC Curve ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity