Objective:To investigate the expression of costimulatory molecule OX40 in peripheral CD4 +CD25 +CD127 low regulatory T (Treg) cells and its clinical significance in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods:Seventy-five patients with first-onset ACI, admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to December 2019, and 36 age- and gender-matched volunteers (control group) were selected in this study. OX40 expression on CD4 +CD25 +CD127 low Treg cells in peripheral blood samples in the two groups were analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling and flow cytometry. Correlations of OX40 +Treg cell percentage with National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, ischemic penumbra volume, core infarct volume, and infarct volume in the patient group were analyzed. The changes of OX40 +Treg cell percentage in the patient group before and after endovascular treatment or intravenous thrombolysis were compared. Results:As compared with that in the control group, the Treg cell percentage in peripheral blood samples of the patient group was significantly decreased, while OX40 +Treg cell percentage was significantly increased ( P<0.05). OX40 +Treg cell percentage was positively correlated with NIHSS scores in ACI patients ( r s=0.271, P=0.018). Meanwhile, OX40 +Treg percentage was significantly correlated with ischemic penumbra volume, core infarct volume, and infarct volume in the patient group ( r s=0.435, P=0.000; r s=0.343, P=0.003; r s=0.245, P=0.034). OX40 +Treg cell percentage in ACI patients 7 d after endovascular treatment was significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment ( P<0.05); OX40 +Treg percentage in ACI patients 3 and 7 d after intravenous thrombolysis was significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:OX40 is abnormally expressed on peripheral Treg cells in ACI patients, and is closely correlated with neurological deficits, imaging features and reperfusion therapy.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of regional leptomeningeal collateral (rLMC) score on CT angiography (CTA) for the outcome after endovascular therapy in patients with late window anterior circulation stroke.Methods:Patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke received endovascular treatment 6 to 24 h after onset in the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to July 2021 were enrolled retrospectively. At 3 months after onset, the outcome was evaluated according to the modified Rankin Scale. A score of ≤ 2 was defined as good outcome, and a score of >2 was defined as poor outcome. The clinical data, non-enhanced CT and CTA parameters of the patients were collected. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of poor outcomes after endovascular treatment. Results:A total of 74 patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke treated with endovascular treatment in the late window were enrolled. Their age was 64.41±12.98 years, 43 were males (58.1%). The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 13.18±5.22, and the median time from onset to puncture was 527.5 min. Fifty-three patients (71.6%) chose direct thrombectomy and 21 (28.4%) chose intravenous thrombolysis and bridging thrombectomy. Thirty-six patients (48.6%) had a good outcome and 38 (51.4%) had a poor outcome, including 4 (5.4%) died. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, atrial fibrillation, fasting blood glucose, NIHSS score, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), rLMC score and clot burden score between the good outcome group and the poor outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher ASPECTS (odds ratio 0.352, 95% confidence interval 0.157-0.791; P=0.012) and rLMC score (odds ratio 0.550, 95% confidence interval 0.329-0.919; P=0.022) were the independent predictors of good outcomes after endovascular therapy. Conclusion:ASPECTS and rLMC scores were the independent predictors of clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy in patients with late window anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke. It had certain guiding value for the decision-making of endovascular treatment in such patients.