A novel electrochemical sensor for the determination of podophyllotoxin (PPT) was prepared by modifying a PPT-imprinted membrane, which was synthesized by in situ polymerization with PPT as template, methacrylic acid ( MAA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ( EGDMA) as cross linking agent at the molar ratio of PPT/ MAA/ EGDMA as 1 : 2 : 100, on glassy carbon electrode ( GCE) followed by eluting PPT from the modified GCE with methanol/ acetic acid (1: 1, V/ V). The properties of the electrochemical sensor modified with PPT-imprinted membrane were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the response of peak currents was linear to the concentration of PPT in range of 1. 0 - 120 μmol/ L with the detection limit of 0. 47 μmol/ L. The sensor not only showed high selectivity, but also exhibited good stability and reproducibility. The sensor was satisfactorily applied to the determination of PPT in podophyllum hexandrum and human serum samples with the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 3. 9% and recovery ranging from 95. 0% to 103. 3% .

Objective To explore the clinic effect of micro course in health education for prevention shoulder-hand syndrome in patients with stoke.Method The 42 stoke patients treated in our sector from October 2013 to September 2014 were observed (observation group) under health education by micro course,taking the 45 stoke patients treated in our sector from October 2012 to September 2013 as control group under traditional health education.Heahh education evaluation,occurrence rate of shoulder-hand syndrome,shoulder joint passive range of motion (ROM) and simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF) of the two groups of patients were compared after one and three months,respectively.Results Compared to the control group,the observation group made higher evaluation of health education method,showed lower occurrence rate of shoulder-hand syndrome,better shoulder joint passive ROM and upper limb movement function.In the time point of 1 and 3 months after the intervention,the incidence rate of shoulder-hand syndrome in the observation group was 2.5％(1/40) and 7.5％(3/40) respectively,which was significant lower than that of in the control group (19.05％,8/42 and 47.63％,20/40 respectively),thex2 value was 4.173 and 16.340 respectively,P＜0.05.In the time point of 1 and 3 months after the intervention,the passive ROM in the observation group was (172.80 ± 15.18)° and (174.76 ± 7.45)°,which was significant higher than that of in the control group,(143.81 ± 22.76)° and (132.12 ± 16.67)° respectively,the t value was 6.816 and 15.074respectively,P＜0.01.Conclusion Micro course used in health education of stroke patients could stimulate their study interests and activity,which played an important role in shoulder-hand syndrome occurrence prevention,shoulder injury reduction and upper limb function restoration acceleration.

Objective:To differentiate hyperintense hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in the hepatobiliary phase by MRI multimodal parameters.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study method was adopted. Clinical data on 15 cases with hyperintense HCC and 15 cases with FNH in the hepatobiliary phase admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were collected. All patients with solitary lesions who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI examinations were included. Surgically resected specimens were verified by pathological and immunohistochemical examination. HCC and FNH imaging features were analyzed by two radiologists.Results:(1) HCC and FNH apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were 1 205.07±239.65×10 -3 mm 2/s and 1 434.73±217.6×10 -3 mm 2/s, respectively, and the SI ADC difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) between the two groups. (2) In the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequence, 15 cases of HCC were significantly enhanced in the arterial phase, of which 13 cases were characterized by continuous enhancement, and 2 cases were characterized by wash-in and wash-out enhancement. There was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) between the two groups. SI enhancement rate between HCC and FNH (1.39±0.60 vs. 1.33±0.50, P>0.05) had no significant difference. (3) HCC and FNH morphological features in the hepatobiliary phase included: annular hypointensity: HCC (8 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); contrast filling defects: HCC (8 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); linear hyposignal separation: HCC (10 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); and stellate scars: HCC (0) vs. FNH (5 cases), and there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) between the two groups . Conclusion:Multimodal MRI have significant value for differentiating hyperintense HCC and FNH in the hepatobiliary phase.

Objective To explore the mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma-related optic nerve injury and its effect on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Methods The RGC-5 cells were incubated under elevated pressure(70 mmHg,1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)on the basis of standard atmospheric pressure(100 kPa)for 12 h,24 h,and 48 h,respective-ly.The RGC-5 cells cultured under the standard atmospheric pressure were selected as the blank group.The apoptosis of RGC-5 cells was detected through Annexin V/PI staining.The mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and reactive oxy-gen species(ROS)level were measured using the JC-1 staining and DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.The expression levels of B cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)protein,BCL-2-associated X(BAX)protein,cleaved Caspase-3,and cytochrome C(CytC)pro-tein were detected using Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the MMP in the 12 h,24 h and 48 h groups significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the blank group,the cell apoptosis and ROS level in the 24 h and 48 h groups significantly increased(all P＜0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the cell apop-tosis and ROS level between the 12 h group and the blank group(both P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the rela-tive expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and BAX protein in the 24 h and 48 h groups significantly increased(all P＜0.05),while the relative expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and BAX protein in the 12 h group showed no significant difference(both P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the relative expression level of BCL-2 protein in the 12 h,24 h and 48 h groups decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the blank group,the relative expression level of Cyt C protein in the 48 h group significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the relative expression level of Cyt C protein in the 12 h and 24 h groups showed no significant difference(both P＞0.05).Conclu-sion After culture at 70 mmHg pressure,RGC-5 cells show increased apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.The mito-chondrial damage at the early stage of stress injury may be closely related to exogenous apoptosis pathways.

Schistosomiasis was once hyper-endemic in Yunnan Province. Following concerted efforts for over 70 years, remarkable achievements have been made for schistosomiasis control in the province. In 2004, the Mid- and Long-term Plan for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in Yunnan Province was initiated in Yunnan Province, and the target for transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in the province in 2009. Following the subsequent implementation of the Outline for Key Projects in Integrated Schistosomiasis Control Program (2009—2015) and the 13th Five - year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in Yunnan Province, no acute schistosomiasis had been identified in Yunnan Province for successive 12 years, and no local Schistosoma japonicum infections had been detected in humans, animals or Oncomelania hupensis snails for successive 6 years in the province by the end of 2020. The transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted in Yunnan Province in 2020. This review summarizes the history of schistosomiasis, changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and progress of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province, and proposes the future priorities for schistosomiasis control in the province.

Objective To predict the potential geographic distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in Yunnan Province using random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models, so as to provide insights into O. hupensis surveillance and control in Yunnan Province. Methods The O. hupensis snail survey data in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2016 were collected and converted into O. hupensis snail distribution site data. Data of 22 environmental variables in Yunnan Province were collected, including twelve climate variables (annual potential evapotranspiration, annual mean ground surface temperature, annual precipitation, annual mean air pressure, annual mean relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, annual mean air temperature, annual mean wind speed, ≥ 0 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, aridity and index of moisture), eight geographical variables (normalized difference vegetation index, landform type, land use type, altitude, soil type, soil textureclay content, soil texture-sand content and soil texture-silt content) and two population and economic variables (gross domestic product and population). Variables were screened with Pearson correlation test and variance inflation factor (VIF) test. The RF and MaxEnt models and the ensemble model were created using the biomod2 package of the software R 4.2.1, and the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted in Yunnan Province. The predictive effects of models were evaluated through cross-validation and independent tests, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS) and Kappa statistics were used for model evaluation. In addition, the importance of environmental variables was analyzed, the contribution of environmental variables output by the models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were selected for normalization processing, and the importance percentage of environmental variables was obtained to analyze the importance of environmental variables. Results Data of 148 O. hupensis snail distribution sites and 15 environmental variables were included in training sets of RF and MaxEnt models, and both RF and MaxEnt models had high predictive performance, with both mean AUC values of > 0.900 and all mean TSS values and Kappa values of > 0.800, and significant differences in the AUC (t = 19.862, P < 0.05), TSS (t = 10.140, P < 0.05) and Kappa values (t = 10.237, P < 0.05) between two models. The AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the ensemble model were 0.996, 0.954 and 0.920, respectively. Independent data verification showed that the AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the RF model and the ensemble model were all 1, which still showed high performance in unknown data modeling, and the MaxEnt model showed poor performance, with TSS and Kappa values of 0 for 24%(24/100) of the modeling results. The modeling results of 79 RF models, 38 MaxEnt models and their ensemble models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were included in the evaluation of importance of environmental variables. The importance of annual sunshine duration (SSD) was 32.989%, 37.847% and 46.315% in the RF model, the MaxEnt model and their ensemble model, while the importance of annual mean relative humidity (RHU) was 30.947%, 15.921% and 28.121%, respectively. Important environment variables were concentrated in modeling results of the RF model, dispersed in modeling results of the MaxEnt model, and most concentrated in modeling results of the ensemble model. The potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted to be relatively concentrated in Yunnan Province by the RF model and relatively large by the MaxEnt model, and the distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by the ensemble model was mostly the joint distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by RF and MaxEnt models. Conclusions Both RF and MaxEnt models are effective to predict the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails in Yunnan Province, which facilitates targeted O. hupensis snail control.