Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV)is a novel Fijivirus prevalent in rice in southern and central China, and northern Vietnam. Its genome has 10 segments of double-stranded RNA named S1 to S10according to their size. An isolate of SRBSDV, JNi4, was obtained from naturally infected maize plants from Ji'ning, Shandong province, in the 2008 maize season. Segments S7 to S10 of JNi4 share nucleotide identities of 72.6%-73.1%, 72.3%-73%, 73.9%-74.5% and 77.3%-79%, respectively, with corresponding segments of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolates, and identities of 99.7%, 99. 1%-99.7%, 98.9%-99.5%, and 98.6%-99.2% with those of SRBSDV isolates HN and GD. JNi4 forms a separate branch with GD and HN in the phylogenetic trees constructed with genomic sequences of S7 to S10. These results confirm the proposed taxonomic status of SRBSDV as a distinct species of the genus Fijivirus and indicate that JNi4 is an isolate of SRBSDV. Shandong is so far the northernmost region where SRBSDV is found in China.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocardits(IE)by exploring the causes,pathogenic microorganism,clinical characteristics and therapeutic results of patients with IE.Methods From January 2006 to January 2016,89 cases with IE in Ganzhou People's Hospital were collected,and the clinical charac-teristics were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the IE patients,40.5%had congenital heart diseases,33.7%had rheumatic heart diseases,18.0% were post－PCI or operative endocarditis,and patients without basic cardiac diseases accounted for 7.9%.The most common clinical manifestations were fever (86.5%),followed by anemia (85.4%).The blood culture positive rate was 63.4%.Streptococci viridians were the most common causative organ-isms(44.2%),followed by coagulase －negative staphylococci(21.2%).Eighty－six patients received echocardio-graphy examination,vegetation was observed in 61cases (68.5%).The hospital mortality rate was 10.1%,mostly due to refractory congestive heart failure and sepsis.Conclusion Congenital heart disease showed an upward trend, rheumatic heart disease decreased significantly.Intermittent fever,anemia are the main clinical manifestations.Blood culture positive rate is not high,Streptococcus viridians is the most common causative organism.Echocardiography is the main basis for the diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of doctor-nurse co-led care involving education and engagement of patients on improving compliance of patients, and a treat-to-target urate-lowering rate for gout.Methods:Nurses were trained in practice management of gout. Patients diagnosed with gout in the departments of rheumatology and immunology of Anqing Municipal Hospital in Anhui Province were prospectively enrolled from January 1 to June 30, 2019. The patients were divided into the continuous-care group and the conventional management group by random number table method. The patients of continuous-care group received telephone follow-up, WeChat tracking and regular face-to-face communication. The patients of conventional management group were told to follow up regularly in the outpatient department, and the nurses did not follow up. Patients were evaluated before intervention and 12 months after intervention. The treat-to-target rate of blood uric acid and the frequency of gout flares were observed.Results:After 12 months of intervention, the patients of serum uric acid concentrations below 360 μmol/L were 92.39% (85/92) in the continuous-care group, and 26.74% (23/86) in the conventional management group. There was significant difference ( χ2 value was 80.282, P<0.001). After 12 months of intervention, the average serum uric acid concentration of patients in the continuous-care group was (301.6±61.4) μmol/L, and that in the conventional management group was (419.0±98.0) μmol/L, both of which were significantly lower than before intervention, continuous-care group (466.1±119.7) μmol/L, conventional management group (477.8±113.1) μmol/L. But the average serum uric acid concentration of patients in the continuous-care group was significantly lower than that in the conventional management group. There was significant difference between them ( t value was 96.678, P<0.001). At the end of 12 months, the patients of uric-acid-lowering therapy increased in both groups. The proportion of patients was 94.56% (87/92) in the continuous-care group, which was significantly higher than that in the conventional management group (58.14%, 50/86), there was significant difference ( χ2 value was 33.260, P<0.001). Conclusions:The mode of continuing nursing combined with specialized physician-led treatment can significantly improve the compliance and the control rate of treat-to-target for gout, and this management method is simple and feasible which provides a new management concept for clinical treatment of gout.

According to the current domestic laws and regulations of the medical devices classification management, combined with the characteristics of digital therapeutics products and the existing status of classification management of medical software products in China, and drawing on international classification management experience, this study discusses and analyzes the attribute definition and classification of digital therapeutics software products, with a view to provide reference for the classification management of digital therapeutics software products.
China ; Software

Based on the developing situation of Computer Aided Diagnosis/Detection (CAD) software, considering the domestic and international regulation of CAD software, according to current Medical Device Classification Catalog and related laws of China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), this paper investigated and analyzed the classification of CAD software, and provided technical suggestion on classifying principle of CAD software applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) or other advanced technology from medical device regulation scope, for the reference of regulatory and technical departments.
Artificial Intelligence ; China ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Software

Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver published the guidelines on management of ascites in liver disease in May 2023， which introduces the diagnosis， differential diagnosis， and treatment of ascites， hyponatremia， hepatic hydrothorax， and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. This article summarizes the main recommendations in the guidelines， so as to provide a reference for the treatment of ascites in patients with liver diseases in China.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.