As a new model animal, zebrafish has been widely used in the research of the development and disease related to various organs, such as nervous, cardiovascular, digestive and hemopoietic system. Central nervous system ( CNS) disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. There is still lacking of effective therapeutic strategies to treat most of the CNS diseases, due to the low ability of self-regeneration and recovery of the neurons after injury. In recent years, zebrafish has been proved to be an ideal vertebrate model to study some of the CNS diseases because their genetic physiology and other features are closed and similar to humans. The application of zebrafish in CNS diseases has contributed largely on understanding the mechanisms and on the therapy of CNS diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress of the applications of zebrafish on the study of CNS diseases.

Objective:To compare the prognosis of patients with hepatolithiasis-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated ICC after radical resection.Methods:The clinicopathological and survival data of 69 patients with ICC undergoing radical resection in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from January 2012 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 40 males and 29 females, aged (62.9±10.2) years. Patients were divided into the stone group ( n=40, with hepatolithiasis) and HBV group ( n=29, with HBV). Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used for survival rate comparison. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis to analyze the effect of hepatolithiasis and HBV on the prognosis. Results:The median overall survival of ICC patients in the stone group was 16 months, and that in the HBV group was 27 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survivals of the stone group were 56.6%, 23.2%, and 10.3%, respectively, which were lower than those of the HBV group (72.0%, 50.7%, and 43.4%, respectively, χ2=5.95, P=0.015). The median recurrence-free survivals (RFS) of the stone group and the HBV group were 12 months and 23 months, respectively. The 1-year and 3-year RFS of the stone group were 49.2% and 18.1%, which were lower than those of the HBV group (65.0% and 39.8%, respectively, χ2=3.94, P=0.047). Univariate analysis showed that hepatolithiasis was assciated with prognosis ( χ2=5.95, P=0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that hepatolithiasis and hepatitis B virus infection had no effect on the prognosis of ICC patients after surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared to HBV infection, ICC patients with hepatolithiasis have a worse prognosis. Hepatolithiasis and HBV infection have no effect on the prognosis of ICC after radical resection.

Objective:To study the relationship between morphologic classification and prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 125 ICC patients who underwent R 0 resection at the Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital from January 2011 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. This cohort consisted of 67 males and 58 females, aged 26.0 to 82.0 (63.5±9.5) years old. Based on the resected specimens, the patients were divided into the mass forming type, periductal infiltrating type and mixed type. The survival rates and recurrence-free survival outcomes of the patients among the three types were compared, and the risk factors that influenced prognosis were analyzed. Results:Using the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 patients with missing data and other causes of death were excluded from the initial 125 patients. Also, as the number of the mixed type was small, these patients were excluded. Finally 62 patients in the mass forming type and 42 patients in the periductal infiltrating type were analyzed. In the mass forming group, there were 32 males and 30 females, aged (63.1±9.1) years. In the perivascular infiltration group, there were 22 males and 20 females, aged (64.1±10.2) years. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of the mass forming group were 78.1%, 33.2%, 18.9% (median survival 25 months). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of the periductal infiltrating type were 63.3%, 8.3%, 6.1% (median survival 15 months). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The median recurrence-free survival for the mass forming and the periductal infiltrating groups were 18 and 11 months, respectively, with a statistically significant differences between them ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that TNM staging Ⅲ~Ⅳ ( HR=2.966, 95% CI: 1.549-5.679) and periductal infiltrating type ( HR=2.403, 95% CI: 1.236-4.670) were independent risk factors for survival of these patients after operations. TNM staging Ⅲ~Ⅳ ( HR=2.466, 95% CI: 1.325-4.589), low grade differentiation ( HR=0.528, 95% CI: 0.299-0.934) and periductal infiltrating type ( HR=2.432, 95% CI: 1.295-4.565) were independent risk factors for relapse-free survival of these patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Morphological classification was found to be an independent risk factor for prognosis of ICC patients in this study, with significantly worse long-term prognosis when compared with the mass forming type.