Objective To identify the effective traction conditions by comparing the effects of traction forces on the intervertebral disc under various mechanical conditions. Methods A three dimensional finite element model was used to carry out mechanical analysis of the traction under conditions with different forces and angles, then to carry out the comparative analysis of the stress distribution and the change of the volume of the intervertebral disc. Results In general, the stress distribution on the intervertebral disc was not even under different traction forces, The maximum stresses appeared at the back rim of the intervertebral disc. With the increase of the traction force and angle, the enlargement of the intervertebral disc volume increased, and the enlargement rate was more significant. Conclusion The volume of the intervertebral disc can be most effectively enlarged at the condition of 30?forward bending of the neck when a force of 90N was applied. This is the most effective traction condition.

To whether the unfinished form exist in the crime of illegal medical practice,the general theory of the criminal Law’s answer is negative.Because the crime of illegal medical practice is circumstance crime and behavior crime,its subjective motive includes indirect intent.In this article,by analyzing it,the author agrees with the common theory that preparatory crime and discontinuance of crime in the preparatory stage.do not exist in circumstance crime,behavioral offense and indirect intent ional crime,but insists thet attempted crime and discontinuauce of crime do exist.Then by comparatiae analysis on the difference beteem them and illegal medical practice,the author illustrate the identification criteria of attempting discontinuance of this crime and the actural illegal medical practice as wtll as the significance of this study.Finally,an example is given to support them.

The monolayer charge of lead underpotential deposition (UPD) was studied by chronocoulometry. On the rotating silver disk electrode (Ag-RDE), the monolayer charge of UPD lead could reaches steady state at different Pb2+ concentration levels by changing reduction time of UPD Pb2+ . A supporting electrolyte solution of 0.01 mol/L HNO3 + 0.01 mol/L NaCl was used. The steady state charge measured was 393.3 μC/cm2, which corresponded to a surface cover of 2 × 10-9 mol/cm2 Pb2+ on the electrode surface.

Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats.Methods The hypoxic-ischemic brain damage model of neonatal Wistar rats was established as following:first the right common carotid artery of the rats was ligated;2 h after operation,the rats began to inhale 8%-oxygen oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture lasting for 2 h.Rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham-group,hypoxic-ischemic group and ERK inhibitor PD98059 group (the rats were injected PD98059 2 mg/kg 10 min before the ligation).Six hours after the models were done,hippocampi and cortex of the ligation side of rats in the three groups were collected,and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.Apoptosis of neuron was assessed by TUNEL staining.The expression of ERK1,ERK 2,Bcl-2 and Bax were examined by Western blot.The differences among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA and q test.Results Compared with the sham-group,the MDA level [(342.9± 10.8) μmol/L vs (181.5± 17.0) μmol/L,q= 6.35,P＜0.01) and the apoptosis rate of neuron [(18.80±1.37)% vs (3.53±0.34)%,q=6.06,P＜0.01) of hypoxic-ischemic group was higher,and SOD level was lower [(34.8±4.3) U/ml vs (63.4±4.3) U/ml,q=4.99,P＜0.01].While the apoptosis rate of neuron [(15.53±0.64) %] and MDA level [(252.0± 17.1) μmol/L] of PD98059 group were lower than those of hypoxic-ischemic group(q=3.87 and 5.28,P＜0.01respectively),the SOD level [(51.5 ± 3.8) U/ml] was higher than that of hypoxic-ischemic group (q=4.17,P＜0.01).There were no differences of ERK1 and ERK2 expressions among the three groups.The phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 levels of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.82 and 4.08,P＜0.01) and PD98059 group (q=4.79 and 5.12,P＜0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.55 and 3.42,P＜0.01).Compared with hypoxic-ischemic group,Bcl-2 expression (q=3.71,P＜0.01) of PD98059 group was higher,and Bax expression (q=5.86,P ＜ 0.01) was lower.Conclusions ERK is involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats through regulating the expression of apoptosis protein.

Through the improvement on determination of rhTNF-? bioassay, we established the formal procedure . Methods; We choose L929 cell for rhTNF-? bioassay determination. To identify the influence of rhTNF-? on the growth of HL-60 cells, various concentration and effecting time were studied. Results: The results showed that the inhibition of rhTNF-? on HL-60 cells based on dose and time. Northern Dot Blot and DNA electrophoresis showed c-myc gene was surpressed, and DNA was damaged by rhTNF-?. Conclusion: Autometic calculation is responsible for bioassay of rhTNF-?. rhTNF-? could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and its mechanism is different from doxirubicin.

Objective: To establish National Standard of rhTNF-? complying with the requirements of research and quality control. Methods: National Standard of rhTNF-? were assayed against international standard (NIBSC) of rhTNF-? by cytotoxicity bioassay (L929 ) in vitro. The collaborative study has been carried out among four laboratories. Results: Based on the statistical analysis the results show that mean pf 95 % confidence interval is 3 289 ~ 4 266 IU per ampoule; the 95 % reference range is 1 735 ~ 8 087 IU per ampoule. Based on this study, the potency of rhTNF-? standard is defined as 3500 IU per ampoule. Stability tests indicate that the bioactivity has not been changed significandy under the storage of four different temperautres for 27 monthes. Conclusion: The preparation of rhTNF-? met the requirement of quality and could be used as a National Standard.

Objective To explore clinical profile and significance of serum golgi protein 73 (GP73) in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection .Methods A total of 109 cirrhotic patients with HBV infection were included ,in which 60 patients were compensated cirrhosis ,and 49 patients were decompensated cirrhosis .The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the clinical significance of GP73 for diagnosing decompensated cirrhosis in cirrhotic popula-tion .Results Serum GP73 level in cirrhotic patients was correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) and HBV DNA ,but neg-atively correlated with albumin levels .Serum GP73 levels in patients with decompensated cirrhosis was (215 .9 ± 96 .56)ng/mL , which was significant higher than (113 .7 ± 68 .95)ng/mL in patients with compensated cirrhosis .The area under ROC was 0 .82 (95% CI :0 .74 ~ 0 .90 ,P< 0 .05) .The sensitivity and specificity of GP73 diagnosing decompensated cirrhosis in cirrhotic population with chronic HBV infection were 77 .55% and 75 .00% respectively ,when the cut-off was set at 140 .5 ng/mL .Conclusion Serum GP73 level is related with liver injury and HBV replication .GP73 might be an useful marker for diagnosing decompensated cirrhosis in cirrhotic population with chronic HBV infections .

Objective The aim of study is to explore the TORCH infection status on the pre-pregnancy women and analyze the relationship with pregnancy outcome in Hongkou District,Shanghai,and provide the reference for the eugenic and superi-or nurture.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to detect the specificity antibodies to Toxo-plasma (TOX),Rubelavirus (RUV),Cytomegalovirus (CMV)IgG and IgM in sera of the 3 500 pre-pregnant women in Hongkou District,Shanghai.Chi-square test was used for comparative analysis of the different rates.Results The positive rate of TOX-IgG,TOX-IgM,RV-IgG,CMV-IgG and CMV-IgM in pregnancy women from Hongkou district were 1.37%, 0.34%,89.7%,96.2% and 0.60% respectively.The total positive rate of TOX and (or)CMV IgM was 0.94%.According to age group,the results showed that TORCH infections with three pathogens associated with the pre-pregnancy women’s age,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=102.9,P<0.01).The abnormal pregnancy rate of TORCH infec-tion-positive pregnancy women (25.0%,3/12)was higher than that of TORCH-negative pregnancy women (6.62%,27/408),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.43,P=0.04).Conclusion The infection opportunity of TORCH in pregnant women in Shanghai Hongkou district was obviously existent and the TORCH infection status could effect on pregnancy outcome.TORCH testing has important practical significance as a routine examination of the pre-preg-nancy healthy service.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of glioma microenvironment and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the phenotypes and function of dendritic cell (DC).MethodsThe expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were detected in glioma C6 cells treated with different concentration of celecoxib.Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with 200 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 50 ng/ml rhIL-4,either C6 tumor cells supernatant (TSN) or TSN from C6 cells treated with celecoxib to generate DCs.Cell morphology was observed.Cell phenotype including CD1a,CD80,CD83 and D86 were analyzed on a FACScan.Production of IL-12 in DC supernatant and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation were detected.ResultsThe expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production in C6 cells decreased after treated with celecoxib in a concentration dependant manner.Typical DCs were induced in all groups and the expression of CD1a ((75.56±2.40)％,(75.09±3.67)％,(76.03 ±3.43)％),CD83((72.04±3.45)％,(71.44±3.78)％,( 73.63 ± 3.31 ) ％ ) had no difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Expression of CD80 ( ( 58.41 ± 3.85 ) ％ ),CD86 ( ( 58.22 ±3.25)％ ) in DC with TSN obviously decreased compared with normal group( (70.36 ± 2.91 )％,(69.31 ±4.29 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) as well as the IL-12 production ( ( 137.88 ± 5.33 ) pg/ml,( 186.04 ± 4.76 ) pg/ml) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Celecoxib increased the expression of CD80,CD86 (66.83 ± 2.51,63.51 ± 5.47,P＜ 0.01 ) in DC and the same as IL-12 production( ( 170.31 ± 3.46) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01 ) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ),which were lower than the normal level.ConclusionGlioma microenvironment may induce the celecoxib can inhibit the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in gliomas cells and improve the phenotypes and function defect of DCs.

Identifying the similarity and differences of malpractice,medical negligence and medical error has realistic meaning to deal with medical disputes efficiently.They are all subjective negligence and belong to the category of medical behavior.This paper mainly discussed the criteria and civil liability of their differences.