Objective To evaluate the efficacy of fibercholedochoscopy for the removal of residual srones af- ter a surgical choledochostomy.Methods 480 cases of choldithiasis underwent fibercholedochoscopy through a sur- gically formed T tube fistulae for residual stones from September 1997 to September 2006.Results A total of 864 times of fibercholedochoscopy was performed with residual stones totally evacuated in 435 cases(90.6%).Complica- tions developed in 100 cases with no mortality.Conclusion Postoperative fibercholedochoseopy through a T tube fis- tulae is a less traumatic and effective remedy for postoperatively retained common bile duct stones.

Objective:To explore the perivenous blocking management strategy for portal vein-superior mesenteric vein (PSMV) resection and reconstruction and its effect on postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The data of 137 patients with pancreatic cancer treated with PD in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Chaoyang Central Hospital, the Second Hospital of Chaoyang, Rizhao Central Hospital, the Second People's Hospital of Binzhou from January 2010 to December 2020 were collected. There were 83 males and 54 females with an average age of 61.8 years. There were 42 patients in the reconstruction group and 95 patients in the control group. The main intraoperative indexes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups with the aim to review our experience in PSMV resection and reconstruction by using the perivenous blocking management strategy.Results:PD was successfully completed in 137 patients in the reconstruction group, the PSMV blocking time was 15-120 min, with a median of 30 min. The operation time 380 (330, 465) min, intraoperative blood loss 725 (500, 1000) ml, and postoperative hospital stay 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) d in the reconstruction group were significantly higher than those of control group [305 (280, 340) min, 400 (300, 500) ml and 18.0 (14.0, 24.5) d] (all P<0.05). The reoperation rate and perioperative mortality were 4.8% (2/42) and 2.4% (1/42) in the reconstruction group, while 2.1% (2/95) and 1.0% (1/95) in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05). The incidence of pancreatic fistula, peritoneal effusion and infection, pulmonary infection of the reconstruction group was significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding, delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, incision infection, reoperation between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PSMV resection and reconstruction significantly increased the incidences of complication after PD, including pancreatic fistula, peritoneal effusion/infection and pulmonary infection. The perivenous blocking management strategy significantly promoted smooth postoperative recovery and effectively reduced morbidity rates of postoperative bleeding and mortality after PSMV resection and reconstruction in PD.

Objective:To study the impact of Roux-en-Y reconstruction with isolated pancreatic drainage (RYR) on delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The data of 203 patients who underwent PD at 5 clinical centers from January 2014 to June 2020 were collected. According to the method of reconstruction of the digestive tract, the patients were divided into the RYR group ( n=88) and the conventional loop reconstruction (CLR) group ( n=115). The incidence and severity of DGE were compared between groups. The risk factors of clinically relevant DGE (CR-DGE) after PD were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:Of 203 patients, there were 124 males and 79 females, aged (61.6±10.2) years. The overall incidence of DEG was 27.6% (56/203). The incidence of CR-DGE in the RYR group was significantly lower than that in the CLR group [13.6%(12/88) vs 26.1%(30/115), P=0.030]. Patient age of more than 65 years ( OR=2.966, 95% CI: 1.162-8.842, P=0.024), clinically relevant pancreatic fistula ( OR=3.041, 95% CI: 1.122-8.238, P=0.029), ascites and abdominal infection ( OR=10.000, 95% CI: 2.552-39.184, P=0.001), and CLR ( OR=3.206, 95% CI: 1.162-8.842, P=0.024) were identified as independent risk factors for CR-DGE. The duration of hospitalization and hospital expenditure of patients were significantly increased in the CR-DGE group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients over 65 years with clinically relevant pancreatic fistula, with ascites or abdominal infection after operation, had a higher evidence of CR-DGE. Roux-en-Y reconstruction with isolated pancreatic could helped to decrease the incidence of CR-DGE after PD.

Objective:To study the use of primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The clinical data of 21 patients who were treated with primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in PD at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated, West Campus, Capital Medical University, Rizhao Hepatobiliary-pancreatic-splenic Surgery Research Institute, Binzhou Second People’s Hospital, Chaoyang Central Hospital from February 2022 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 9 females, with ages ranging from 31.0 to 82.0 years (median age 63.0 years). The success rates of linear stapling at pancreatic neck, time of pancreaticojejunostomy, postoperative complications, pancreatic fistula risk score, and length of hospital stay were studied.Results:Among the 21 patients, there were 3 patients who underwent open PD and 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic PD. Primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck was successfully carried out in all these patients. The success rate was 100.0%. The success rate of finding pancreatic ducts at the pancreatic stumps and inserting an drainage tube was 100.0%(21/21). In the 3 patients who underwent open PD, the operation time were 230.0, 245.0 and 250.0 minutes respectively. The time for completing pancreaticojejunostomy were 12.0, 13.0 and 12.0 minutes respectively. The estimated blood loss were 300.0, 450.0 and 600.0 ml respectively. The length of hospital stay were 14.0, 15.0 and 21.0 days. In the 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic PD, the operation time was (295.9±14.5) min, the time for constructing pancreaticojejunostomy was (22.3±1.5) min, the blood loss was (180.0±40.0) ml, the length of hospital stay ranging from 8.0 to 16.0 days (median 10.5 days). Among all the 21 patients, the pancreatic fistula risk score was (4.7±1.5). Postoperative acute pancreatitis occurred in 3 patients (14.3%), delayed gastric emptying occurred in 4 patients (19.0%), and all of them recovered after conservative treatment. There was no postoperative bleeding, nosocomial infection, grade B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula or perioperative death.Conclusion:The continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of the pancreatic neck was safe, reliable, simple and technically easy. It has the potential to prevent clinical postoperative pancreatic fistula and pancreaticojejunostomy bleeding. It is worth to popularize this surgical procedure.

Objective:To investigate the classification of main pancreatic duct and treatment strategy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:The records of 51 consecutive patients with LPD who were treated by linear staple closure technique of pancreatic neck from February to December 2022 from Binzhou Second People′s Hospital, Shijingshan Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Rizhao Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery Research Institute, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Shandong Juxian People′s Hospital, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Binzhou Central Hospital, and Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University were retrospectively reviewed. According to the visibility, position and diameter of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas, the type of main pancreatic duct was divided into type I, type Ⅱ, type Ⅲa and type Ⅲb. The number of cases in each main pancreatic duct classification and the corresponding treatment strategies were examined.Results:A total of 51 cases of LPD were successfully completed. Of these patients, the males comprised 56.9%(29/51), and females comprised 43.1%(22/51), with age ranging from 31 to 88 years old. The type of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas included 7 cases (13.7%) of type Ⅰ, 39 cases (76.5%) of type Ⅱ, 2 cases (3.9%) of type Ⅲa, and 3 cases (5.9%) of type Ⅲb. Corresponding treatment strategies were adopted according to different main pancreatic duct types, the main pancreatic duct was successfully found, and a support drainage tube was inserted.Conclusion:After linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck, corresponding treatment strategies should be adopted according to the classification of the main pancreatic duct, which would help to improve the success rate of finding the main pancreatic duct and placing a support drainage tube.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of long-term survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Methods:A retrospective analysis of 255 patients who underwent RFA as the main treatment modality for HCC from May 1, 2004 to Feb 28, 2015 was performed. All patients were divided into two groups according to the postoperative survival time: the 5-year or more survival group and the less than 5-year survival group. Clinical indicators such as age, maximum tumor size and number, and frequency of radiofrequency ablation were compared between the two groups. Cox single factor and multiple factors were used to analyze the influencing factors of long-term survival.Results:The median overall survival of all the 255 patients was 4.3 years (range 0.5-15.5 years). There were 115 patients (45.1%) who survived for 5 years or more and 140 patients (54.9%) who survived for less than 5 years. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of all the patients were 86.7%, 61.2%, 44.8% and 34.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, accompanying symptoms, aetiology of liver disease, level of alpha fetoprotein and treatment ( P>0.05), but there were significant differences in Child-Pugh class, liver cirrhosis, maximum diameter of tumor, tumor number, tumor stage, and frequency of RFA ( P<0.05) between the 2 groups of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥70 years old, Child-Pugh class B, maximum diameter of tumor >5.0 cm, multiple tumor were independent risk factors of long-term survival, but the number of sessions of RFA was a protective factor. Conclusions:For medium sized HCC and solitary large HCC, RFA combined with other therapeutic modalities could achieve satisfactory therapeutic results. Age, Child-Pugh class, maximum diameter of tumor, tumor number and RFA frequency were influencing factors for long-term survival of HCC patients.