BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered skin is a new method to cure the massive defects of skin caused by burn or trauma.Therefore, the seed cells and scaffold on the tissue-engineered skin have become the focus today.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify the articles about tissue-engineered skin published in English between January 1990 and January 2007 with the key words of "tissue engineered skin, stem cell". Meanwhile, we searched Chinese Journals Full-text Database for related Chinese articles published between January 1994 and January 2007 with the key words of index "tissue engineered skin, skin stem cell" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The data were selected firstly to choose the full-text of articles met the criteria. Inclusive criteria:① Articles about seed cells of tissue engineered skin;②Articles about the scaffold of tissue-engineered skin. Exclusive criteria: Repetitive or analogical articles, Meta analysis or case reports.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 97 articles on tissue-engineered skin were collected and 69 met the inclusive criteria after eliminated the repetitive or similar studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: The development of tissue engineering provides a new approach for the treatment of massive defects with skin transplantation, and gets rid of some problems such as donor site shortage, immune rejection, disease spread et al.① Skin seed cell: Embryonic stem cell and various adult stem cells can serve as seed cell of tissue-engineered skin, and embryonic stem cell is the first choice, which is transplanted on the biological scaffold to acquire the epidermis, dermis and compound skin.②Research progress of epidermis substitute.③Methods to make dermal substitute.④Research direction of compound artificial skin.⑤There are many problems in wide clinical application of tissue-engineered skin, but more and more attention has been paid on its research.CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered skin is the best choice to cure the massive defects of skin and has a wide clinical prospect. With the rapid development of life science, operation technology, material science and many other related subjects, the ideal tissue-engineered skin can be obtained with similar function and feature to natural skin.

Group B Streptococcus ( GBS) is a conditional pathogenic bacteria related to late-term abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal infection, neonatal sepsis and other diseases.Prevention and treatment guidelines by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) suggest that all the pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks should screen for GBS .The detection methods for GBS include microbiology , immunology, molecular biology, etc.The appropriate method should be chosen depending on circumstances .Penicillin is recommended for the preventive treatment of GBS , and the treatment for the insensitive should base on the antibiotic susceptibility results .No vaccine against GBS is currently available for clinical use .

AIM To study the reversal effect of erythromycin on multidrug resistance of human liver cancer cells BEL 7402. METHODS Cultivated the parental cells BEL 7402 in the presence of doxorubicin to obtain a multidrug resistant subline designated BEL 7402/ADM. The expression of P glycopro tein in BEL 7402 and BEL 7402/ADM cells was determined by using cell ELASA method. The cytotoxicity of drugs was determined by using MTT assay, and the intracellular concentration of doxorubicin in BEL 7402/ADM was determined using a spectrofluorometer. RESULTS After growing BEL 7402 cells in the presence of ADM for some time, the resulting cells (BEL 7402/ADM) became not only resistant to ADM but cross resistant to VCR and MMC, the P gp on the subline cells' surface was highly expresssed. Erythromycin, which is a lipophilic antibiotic, enhanced the anti tumor functions of ADM, VCR and MMC to BEL 7402/ADM cells and increased the intracellular concentration of ADM with no effect on the expression of the P gp in BEL 7402/ADM cells. CONCLUSUON Erythromycin can significantly reverse the multidrug resistance in BEL 7402/ADM cells, it may do so by saturating the P gp pathway to reduce the efflux of intracellular concentration of the drugs.

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO),also known as after-cataract,is the most frequent complication and the primary cause for visual decrease after extracapsular cataract surgery.At present,there is no effective way to treat PCO,so more attentions are focused on preventive reseaching of PCO and treatment methods.Although a variety of studies have increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of PCO,the cellular mechanisms responsible for PCO are still unclear.Cultured capsular bag model in vitro could effectively simulate lens capsular membrane and cells survival environment after cataract extraction and IOL implantation.However,lens capsular bag cultivation with different methods have their own characreristics.The material source,preparation methods of capsular bag model,characreristics of materials which maintain capsular bag contours and its application in PCO were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood glucose and insulin after intake of staple food containing potato,sorghum or wheat in healthy adults. Methods This study had a cross-over design. A total of 12 healthy adults were recruited and randomly averaged into 3 groups. After fasting for 10 hours,all the subjects were treated with steamed buns of potato,sorghum and wheat flours(100 g in raw flour),respectively. Serum glucose,insulin,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and uric acid(SUA) were measured at fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 3 h. After a wash period for 3 days,subjects crossed over to alternate group at second intervention and third intervention on the 5 th and 9 th day. During each intervention,the entire above index were tested. Results Postprandial insulin levels at 3 h was significantly higher in the potato steamed buns group(4.74 μU/ml)than in the sorghum steamed buns (1.65 μU/ml)group(P =0.028). There were no statistical differences in blood glucose and fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h insulin level. Conclusion Postprandial insulin level at 3 h was higher in potato flour steamed buns than in sorghum flour steamed buns.

Objective To investigate the expression of fragile histid ine triad (FHIT)gene and its relationship with the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).Methods The expression o f FHIT gene and PCNA were detected by streptavidin peroxidase method with skin s pecimens taken from 57 primary cutaneous melanoma and 20 normal controls.Apopto sis of tumor cells was detected by terminal deoxynuclneotidyl transferase mediat ed dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results The expression level of FHIT protei n was significantly lower in CMM than that in the normal skin tissue (P

Purpose To investigate the expression of TPX2 in breast cancer, analyze the correlation between its expression and clinico-pathologic characteristics and explore the significances of TPX2 in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods Expression of TPX2 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent tissue of cancer and normal breast tissue was examined by immunohistochenistry SP method. The mRNA expression of TPX2 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent tissue of cancer and normal breast tissue was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results The expression of TPX2 is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues (75. 86%) compared with adjacent tissue of cancer (40. 00%) and normal breast tissue (5. 00%). And the expression of TPX2 cor-related with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0. 01), while unrelated to age and clinical stage (P>0. 05). The expression of TPX2 mRNA is also significantly higher in breast cancer tissues ( 1. 465 7 ± 0. 136 6 ) compared with adjacent tissue of cancer (0. 923 3 ±0. 114 8) and normal breast tissue (0. 326 9 ±0. 097 3) (P<0. 01). Conclusion High expression of TPX2 in breast cancer correlated with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis, so TPX2 might be a risk factor in the tumorigenesis, progression and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Objective To compare bispectral index (BIS) with narcotrend index (NI) during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI).Methods Ten ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ pafients aged 18-56 yr weighing 52-67kg undergoing abdominal surgery lasting>1h were included in this study.BIS and NI were monitored simultaneously.Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol with target plasma concentration (Cp) of 3～4μg/ml and remifentanil (Cp 3-4ng/ml).Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cis-atracurium 0.3 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained between 30-35 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil by the anesthesiologist bhnded to BIS and NI values.according to hemedynamic parameters.BIS and narcotrend values were recorded every minute and compared by another anesthesiologist.All data were compared by Bland-Altman analysis and with Kappa coefficient for agreement.The correlation between BIS and NI was tested by Spearman correlation analysis.The number of error ofjudgement (Type Ⅰ was defined as BIS<40 and NI>62;Type Ⅱ was defined as BIS>60 and NI<20)Was counted.Results The correlation and agreement between BIS and NI during maintenance of propofol-remifentanil anesthesia administered by TCI showed good consistency.Conclusion Both NI and BIS Can help anesthesiologist control the depth of anesthesia during TCI of propofol-remifentanil.

A total of 62 disk-shaped specimens in the size of 30 mm (diameter) ×2 mm (layer thickness) were made with auto-polymerized acrylic resin (2 specimens for infrared spectrum comparison and 60 specimens for tests of water sorption and solubility). Duration of Ar plasma application was 2 minutes and plasma power applied was 60 W. Storage intervals were 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months, separately. A control group and a corresponding experimental group were set for each storage interval, with 6 specimens per group. All specimens were weighted 3 times, i.e., initial weight; weigh after absorption of distilled water, and final weight after desiccation. Percentages of water absorption and solubility of auto-polymefized acrylic resin were calculated. Results revealed that after Ar plasma treatment, C-H structure of auto-polymerized acrylic resin was reduced; following 1-month storage interval, water absorption percentage was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group; following 1-day, 1-week, and 1-month storage interval, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower solubility of auto-polymerized acrylic resin, compared to the control group (P<0.05). These results indicated that within 1-month storage, Ar plasma treatment can decrease water sorption and solubility of auto-polymerized acrylic resin.