Objective To evaluate the effect of dental water jet on oral hygiene maintenance in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Methods One hundred and twenty orthodontic patients with fixed appliances were randomly assigned into the manual toothbrush group and the dental water jet group. Dental plaque was evaluated and compared before the bonding of orthodontic appliances, three months and six months after the treatment. Results There was no significant difference between two groups before treatment. But the dental water jet group was superior than the manual toothbrush group in dental plaque index 3 and 6 months after treatment. Conclusions Dental water jet can reduce dental plaque and im -prove the oral hygiene of patients with fixed appliances.

AIM:To research inhibitory effects of plumepoppy (Macleaya cordata) extract on dermophytosis. METHODS:A series of experimental methods,including agar hole method,plate dilution method and solid medium dilution method were initiated into pathogenic organism of skin disease,including Trichophyton rubrum(Tru),Trichophyton schoenleini(Ts),Trichophyton rosaceum(Tro),Trichophyton mentagrophytes(Tm),and Epidermophyton floccosum(Ep) to determinate in vitro antibacterial Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) by plumepoppy extract that macerated with acidic water (pH = 3). RESULTS:Macleaya cordata alkaloids had significant effect on these five kinds of skin fungi. The MIC of Tru,Ts,Ep was 1. 6 mg/mL; The MIC of Tro and Tm was 0. 8 mg/ mL. CONCLUSION:The plumepoppy extract has anti-fungus activaties,with the increasing concentration,the inhibition effect rapidly goes up.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications, so as to provide the basis for applicable population of long-acting antipsychotic medications. Methods: Data of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications in Shanghai City from June 2020 to June 2022 were collected through Shanghai Mental Health Information Management System, and demographic characteristics, illness and medication use of patients were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 2 684 schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications were included in the study, had a mean age of (46.92±12.39) years, with 1 246 males (46.42%) and 1 438 females (53.58%). There were 1 397 unemployed cases, accounting for 52.05%; 1 429 cases with an educational level in junior high school or below, accounting for 53.24%; 1 301 unmarried cases, accounting for 48.47%; 832 cases in poverty, accounting for 31.00%. The caregivers of patients were mainly their parents, with 1 507 cases accounting for 56.15%. The courses of illness were mainly ≤10 years and >10-20 years, with 860 cases each, both accounting for 32.04%; 1 963 cases with incomplete self-awareness, accounting for 73.14%; 1 570 cases hospitalized at least once, accounting for 58.49%. There were 2 486 cases with continuous medication, accounting for 92.62%. The main method of taking medication was given by others, with 1 947 cases accounting for 72.54%. The medication adherence was mainly taking medication on time and in the right amount, with 2 437 cases accounting for 90.80%. Conclusion The main characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications are young, unmarried, and unemployed adults, with incomplete self-awareness, continuous medication and medication given by others.

Objective To evaluate the role of recombinant human soluble Tim-3 (hTim-3-Fc) in regulating immune response.Methods Soluble hTim-3 was incubated with human macrophage cell line U 937, human T cell line Jurkat and normal human PBMC before cytokines secreted by or expressed in different immune cells were analyzed using ELISA , RT-PCR and Western-blotting, respectively.Results Soluble hTim-3 significantly promoted the activation of different immune cells.Our data showed that IL-8 secretion by U937 cells, IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells , IL-2 and IFN-γsecretion by human PBMCs were all significantly increased .In addition , soluble hTim-3 significantly increased the IFN-α2 and IFN-β1 mRNA expression in U937, Jurkat and PBMCs and increased the phosphorylation of stat-1 in Jurkat and U937 cells.Conclusion Recombinant soluble hTim-3 can significantly promote the activation of immune cells in vitro, which shows its therapeutic potential .

In order to enhance the utilization efficiency, reduce the environmental pollution of traditional chemical treatment and the agriculture waste incineration; we studied the ligninase production by Coprinus comatus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei through the plate screening. The results showed that C. comatus mixed culture with T. reesei have a good compatibility and higher yields of Laccase. On the basis of this pre-experiment, we studied the optimal conditions of mixed culture for enzyme production. Under the optimal conditions: the inoculation proportion of C. comatus and T. reesei (5:2), the interval of time (12 h), the temperature 260C, the shake rotation speed 150 r/min, fermented for 3 days, the Laccase activity reached 3267.1 U/mL, increased by 106% contrasted with single culture of C. commatus.
Coprinus ; metabolism ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Fermentation ; Oxygenases ; biosynthesis ; Plant Stems ; metabolism ; Trichoderma ; metabolism ; Zea mays ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the role of down-regulating serine racemase (SRR) in alleviating the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity and synaptic damage and possible mechanism in PC12 cells.Methods:(1) PC12 cells cultured in vitro were divided into 0, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 treatment groups; they were treated with 0, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 for 24 h, respectively; cell counting kit (CCK)-8 was used to detect the survival rate of cells in each group, and Western blotting was used to detect the SRR protein expression. PC12 cells were treated with 40 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively; cell survival and SRR protein expression were detected by CCK-8 and Western blotting, respectively. (2) PC12 cells were divided into control group, nonsense sequence group, SRR small interfering RNA (siRNA) group 1, SRR siRNA group 2, and SRR siRNA group 3; cells in the later three groups were transfected with SRR nonsense sequence or different SRR siRNA sequences, respectively; 48 h after that, Western blotting was used to detect the SRR protein expression of cells in each group, and SRR siRNA with best effect was selected for subsequent experiments. (3) PC12 cells were divided into control group, AD group, AD+nonsense sequence group, and AD+SRR siRNA group; cells in the latter two groups were transfected with nonsense sequence or SRR siRNA for 48 h, respectively; cells in the latter three groups were added 40 μmol/L Aβ 25-35, and cells in the control group were added same amount of solvent; 24 h after treatment, the SRR protein expression was detected by Western blotting, cell survival was detected by CCK-8, cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, Caspase 3 activity was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the expressions of activated Caspase 3, N-methyl- D aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated proteins and postsynaptic dense protein 95 (PSD95) were detected by Western blotting. Results:(1) The survival rate of cells in 0, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 treatment groups was successively decreased and the SRR protein expression was successively increased, with significant differences ( P<0.05); PC12 cells treated with 40 μmol/L Aβ 25-35 for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h had successively decreased survival rate and successively increased SRR protein expression, with significant differences ( P<0.05). (2) The SRR protein expressions in the SRR siRNA group 1, SRR siRNA group 2 and SRR siRNA3 group 3 were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group and nonsense sequence group ( P<0.05), and the decrease in the SRR siRNA group 2 was the most obvious. (3) As compared with the control group, the cells in the AD group had significantly increased SRR protein expression and apoptosis rate, statistically decreased cell survival rate, significantly increased Caspase 3 activity and activated Caspase 3 protein expression, significantly increased protein expressions of NMDA receptor 2A (NMDAR2A) and NMDA receptor 2B(NMDAR2B), and statistically decreased PSD95 protein expression ( P<0.05); as compared with cells in the AD group, cells in the AD+SRR siRNA group had significantly decreased SRR protein expression and apoptosis rate, statistically increased cell survival rate, significantly decreased Caspase 3 activity and activated Caspase 3 protein expression, significantly decreased NMDAR2A protein expression, and statistically increased PSD95 protein expression ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Down-regulation of SRR expression can reduce the NMDAR2A protein expression, alleviate the over-activation of NMDA receptor, reduce the cell apoptosis, improve cell survival rate, protect nerve cells, increase PSD95 protein expression, and alleviate synaptic damage in PC12 cells.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and microbial characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), and to determine the risk factors and biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis caused by PLA. Methods: The demographic and clinical data of 198 patients with liver abscess admitted to Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with non-bacterial liver abscess, death on admission and tumor metastasis were excluded. The 198 patients with liver abscess were divided into the sepsis group and non-sepsis group according to the disease progression. The general data of the two groups were analyzed to explore the risk factors of sepsis caused by liver abscess, biomarkers for early diagnosis, and the prognosis. Patients with positive culture were further divided into the Klebsiella pneumoniae group and non-Klebsiella pneumoniae group, and the general clinical data of the two groups were analyzed. Among the PLA patients with positive culture, 80.0% were Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by E. coli. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and univariate and logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to determined the risk factors of sepsis induced by PLA. The diagnostic value of white blood cell, neutrophil percentage and procalcitonin (PCT) at admission on the progression of liver abscess to sepsis was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Results: The mortality of patients with sepsis caused by liver abscess was 20.8%. The white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, and PCT at admission predicted the progression of sepsis in PLA patients, and the AUC were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.623-0.898), 0.818 (95%CI: 0.691-0.945), and 0.869 (95%CI: 0.765-0.974), respectively. Patients with diabetes were prone to develop sepsis after the occurrence of liver abscess. There was no significant difference in microbial characteristics between the sepsis group and non-sepsis group. Length of stay (LOS) in patients with sepsis was significantly prolonged [(19.6±12.5) d vs (16.0±9.3) d, P=0.033]. Conclusions Diabetes is an independent risk factor for the progression of liver abscess to sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the first pathogen of liver abscess. Patients with elevated glycated hemoglobin (≥9.9%) are prone to develop sepsis. White blood cell count (≥12.55×10⁹/L), percentage of neutrophils (≥84.8%), and PCT (≥6.96 ng/mL) in patients with liver abscess indicated the progresses to sepsis, and thus the LOS of patients with sepsis is significantly prolonged and the mortality is significantly increased.

Objective: To detect the expression of NRAGE protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and investigate the relationship between NRAGE and therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. Methods: The expression level of NRAGE in 44 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and statistically analyzed along with clinical data by using multivariate analysis using Cox regression model. Results: The overall expression level of NRAGE protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.025) and the expression level of NRAGE nuclear protein (P=0.008) were negatively correlated with short-term efficacy. In terms of the overall expression level of NRAGE protein, the 3-year survival rates in the strongly positive group and the positive weakly positive group were 16% and 36%(P=0.198). As for the expression of NRAGE nuclear protein, the 3-year survival rates in the strongly positive group and the positive+ weakly positive group were 0% and 41%(P<0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression model demonstrated that as for the expression of NRAGE nuclear protein, the risk of death in the strongly positive group was significantly higher than those in the positive+ weakly positive group (P=0.002). Conclusion The overall expression level of NRAGE protein in the esophageal cancer is negatively correlated with the short-term efficacy of radiotherapy, whereas it is not correlated with long-term survival rate. The strongly positive expression level of NRAGE nuclear protein is negatively correlated with the short-term efficacy of radiotherapy and the long-term survival rate, prompting that NRAGE may be a molecular indicator for predicting radiation resistance and even the efficacy of radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: The study was designed to analyze the clinicopanthologic characteristics, treatments and outcomes of a series of patients with primary angiosarcoma. Methods: The clinical, surgical and pathological data and treatment of 68 patients with pathologically confirmed angiosarcoma admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1990 to June 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for univariate survival analysis and Cox regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results: A total of 68 patients were enrolled, 38 were male, 30 were female. The median age at diagnosis was 50.5 years. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis was (7.5±7.5) months. The primary sites included face and scalp, breast, chest wall, lung, heart, liver, spleen, extremities, bones and so on. At diagnosis, the mean size of tumors were (7.4±7.3) cm, 28 patients (41.2%) had localized disease (stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ) and 40 patients had metastatic disease (stage Ⅲ+ Ⅳ). There were 37 patients treated with surgery alone, three receiving radiotherapy alone, five receiving chemotherapy alone and sixteen receiving comprehensive treatment with 5 underwent surgery plus radiotherapy, three treated by surgery plus chemotherapy, four had surgery plus interventional therapy, two had chemoradiotherapy, one had radiotherapy and interventional therapy and 1 had surgery plus chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy. Five patients received only palliative treatment, and 2 patients lost follow-up after diagnosed. Fifty patients were followed up with a median overall survival time of 8.5 months. The median survival time of patients with metastatic angiosarcoma was 6.6 months, significantly shorter than that of patients with localized disease (15.0 months, P=0.020). The median survival time of patients with cardiac angiosarcoma was 3.0 months, significantly shorter than that of patients with angiosarcoma at other sites (11.5 months, P=0.010). The median survival time of patients receiving comprehensive treatment was 31.0 months, significantly longer than that of patients without comprehensive treatment (5.6 months, P=0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that staging, heart occurrence and comprehensive treatment were independent factors for the prognosis of primary angiosarcoma (all P<0.05). Conclusions Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and patients with metastatic disease or cardiac occurence have poor prognosis. Comprehensive treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with angiosarcoma.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of paliperidone palmitate treatment on schizophrenic patients in the community. Methods446 schizophrenic patients who used paliperidone palmitate injection were selected in Shanghai. Before and after the treatment， the disease family burden scale， the concise evaluation scale of drug treatment compliance， the VAS100 score of treatment satisfaction， the short form of quality of life measurement scale， and the screening scale of social function defects were used to evaluate the effects of paliperidone palmitate injection. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. ResultsAfter using paliperidone palmitate injection， the total score of family burden （13.94±12.17）， the score of daily family activities （3.26±2.74）， the score of family entertainment activities （2.21±2.30）， and the score of family relationship （2.79±2.76） were significantly higher than those before the treatment （14.98±12.64， 3.51±2.88， 2.48±2.38， 3.11±2.87， respectively， all with P<0.05）. The scores of the World Health Organization on quality of life brief scale （62.89±11.94） and the medication compliance scale （28.11±5.64） were better than those before treatment （60.67±12.62 and 27.37±6.96， all with P<0.05）. Compared with the prior treatment without paliperidone palmitate injection， the number of readmissions after treatment was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe treatment of paliperidone palmitate injection has significant effect， which can effectively reduce the disease family burden of Schizophrenic patients， improve their quality of life， enhance their drug compliance， reduce the readmission rate of patients， ensure long-term treatment effect and promote disease recovery.