Objective To investigate the susceptibility and resistance profile of clinical isolates.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1 to December 31,2015.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.Results A total of 13 109 clinical isolates were collected from January to December 2015,of which gram negative organisms and gram positive cocci accounted for 65.3 ％ (8 560/13 109) and 34.7 ％ (4 549/13 109),respectively.Methicillin resistant strains in S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 29.6 ％ and 67.1％,respectively.Most (93.1％) MRSA strains were still susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,while 80.2 ％ of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin.No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.The resistance rates of E.faecalis strains to most antibiotics tested (except tetracycline) were much lower than those of E.faecium.Some strains of both species were resistant to vancomycin.No E.faecalis or E.faecium strains were found resistant to vancomycin.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 55.7 ％ in E.coli and 43.5 ％ in Klebsiella (K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca) and 11.6 ％ in Proteus mirabilis isolates.ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were more resistant than non-ESBLs-producing strains in terms of antibiotic resistance rates.Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems.Overall,less than 16.0 ％ of these strains were resistant to carbapenems.About 10.5 ％ and 9.4 ％ of the A.baumannii strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Compared to the data of year 2014,the prevalence of extensively-drug resistant P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae strains increased.Conclusions The antibiotic resistance of clinical bacterial isolates is growing.The emerging and increasing prevalence of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains poses a serious threat to clinical practice and implies the importance of strengthening infection control.

Objective To develop an in vivo procedure f or His bundle pacing (HBP) and radio-frequency (RF) ablation of the atrio-ventricular node (AVN) guided by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The procedure included a custom designed bipolar active fixation pacing lead and steerable delivery catheter, and a commercial RF generator and ablation catheter. Methods Six anesthetized- closed-chest canines were tested. The anatomy in the His bundle and AVN regions, and the onset of myocardial electro-mechanical activation were identified using ICE and TDI. The lead and RF ablation catheter were navigated using an ICE catheter (for local detailed imaging) and fluoroscopy (for global imaging). Surface QRS morphologies were recorded to confirm HBP and third degree block post-ablation. Results Direct His bundle pacing was achieved in one canine, and His + ventricular septal pacing in the remaining five. QRS width in sinus rhythm and HBP were ( 59.7-? 5.3-)ms and ( 82.8-? 16.6-)ms separately (P= 0.02-). The increased QRS width for HBP was due to early septal activation. HBP thresholds were ( 3.0-? 1.0-) volts at 0.5 ms (N=5 due to a late exit block). The mean procedure durations were: HBP 40 minutes (3 to 81 minutes), AVN ablation 3 minutes (2 to 5 minutes), and total X-ray exposure 13 minutes (1 to 55 minutes). Post-mortem analysis of the lead and ablation lesions confirmed correct anatomic localization for HBP and AVN ablation. Conclusions ICE provides precise anatomic guidance of HBP lead implantation and AVN ablation and can significantly reduce exposure to fluoroscopy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose retention enema for treating ulcerative colitis.Methods Eighty patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group with equal number.The retention enema was used in the control group and the improved retention enema was used in the observation group. Enema was done once every night,10 days as a course of treatment in both groups.The two groups were compared in terms of liquid retention time,curative effect after two courses and patients’satisfaction degree with enema.Results The liquid retention time in the intestinal lumen in the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group.The efficacy was significantly better than the control group.Patients satisfaction with enema in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved low-dose liquid enema is effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis for its liquid retention time in the intestines.It is effective,comfortable,convenient,and likely to be accepted by patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capabilities of nosocomial infection control in local general hospitals in handling public health emergencies,and to provide reliable data for future work.METHODS A random sampling questionnaire method was adopted to investigate how nosocomial infection control in local hospitals performed their functions and handled public health emergencies.RESULTS The 15 hospitals which were surveyed had all been equipped with computer network of directly reporting epidemic situations of infectious diseases.Four from 15 hospitals had full-time employees reporting epidemic situations,and 11 had part-time employees.Twelve hospitals established,according to standards,a department of infectious diseases or a department of pre-examination and sorting diagnosis.Seven hospitals did not have full-time staff of infection control till 2003.The rate of the staff's knowledge of nosocomial infection control was 73.7%.The medical wastes of the 15 hospitals were all disposed at the local medical waste disposal center.CONCLUSIONS Our city,in terms of nosocomial infection control,has acquired certain capabilities of handling public health emergencies.But the capabilities vary from hospital to hospital.Further improvement in some work is still needed.

[Objective] To research the sedative effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil for pediatric sedation for stomatological operation of outpatient department.[Methods] 60 children undergoing stomatological operation of outpatient department,age 3 ～ 7 years,weighing 10 ～ 32 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ,were divided into the three groups (n =20) randomly using a random number table:group dexmedetomidine and sufentanil (group DS),group dexmetomidine (group D),group sufentanil (group S).Recorded the children's behavior using the Ohio State University behavior rating score (OSUBRS),the University of Michigan Sedation Score (UMSS),SBP,HR and side-effects when entry,during and leave operation and in post-anesthesia care unit,side-effects,the satisfaction of stomatological doctors and parents.[Results] The OSUBRS of group DS when entry,during operation were lower than group D (P ＜ 0.01).The UMSS of group DS were higher than group D and group S when entry and during operation (P ＜ 0.05).The success rate of group DS was higher than group D and group S (P ＜ 0.01).There was no different of mean percentage change in systolic blood pressure and heart rate from baseline between group DS and group D (P ＞ 0.05).There were no instances of respiratory depression,hypotension and bradycadia.[Conclusion] Intranasal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil provides satisfactory pediatric sedation for stomatological operation of outpatient department without side effects such as respiratory depression,bradycadia and hypotension.

Objective To observing the effects of health education on modified lifestyle and behavior patterns among migrant workers. Methods Individuals from two factories were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 262 ; men 129, women 133 ; mean age 31.8) and the control group ( n = 147 ;men 75, women 72; mean age 31.8). The intervention group received 4-months' health education before changes of awareness of health knowledge, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activities,mental health and medical consultation. Results In the intervention group, the awareness of the risk of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and normal levels of blood pressure and obesity was significantly improved at 4 months(χ2 =59.65, 47.69, 19.50, and 30. 17; all P＜0. 01 ). However, no significant improvement in awareness of AIDS was found in the intervention group. Of the intervention group, some unfavorable lifestyles and behavior patterns were modified ( cigarette smoking χ2 = 4.50 ; altitude toward clinic visit χ2 = 7.09 ; both P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion Health education could help to improve the awareness of health knowledge and modify lifestyle and behavior patterns of migrant workers.

Aim To establish an allogenetic mouse skin trans-plant model,in order to provide a research model for immunosup-pressive drugs. Methods Skins from the ears of C57BL/6 mice were transplanted to the back of BALB/c mice and skin isografts ( BALB/c mice to BALB/c mice) were used as control. Cyclos-porin A( CsA) was used as a model compound to test the imm-nosuppresive effect on allogenetic graft rejection. Following the transplation and CsA treatment, the graft rejection score and graft skin survival rate were quantified. Four and nine days after transplantation,serum IL-4,IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were meas-ured using ELISA kits. Twelve days after transplantation, mice were sacrificed. The weight of spleen and thymus was obtained, and CD4 + and CD8 + population of spleenic T cells were ana-lyzed using flow cytometer. Histological features were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin( HE) staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-em-bedded graft skins. Results After transplantion, the graft rejec-tion score increased and graft skin survival rate decreased gradu-allly. Serum IL-12 and IFN-γ levels of allograft mice increased markedly. Compared with those of isograft mice, mice with skin allograft displayed a significant increase in the percentage of the CD8 + T cell subpopulation. Remarkable inflammation, such as edema, inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in allograft mice. Compared with saline treated mice, CsA significantly re-duced the graft rejection score and improved survival rate of skin grafts. And also, CsA treated mice had smaller spleen and thy-mus. Mice that received high doses of CsA had significantly less CD8 + T cells than those treated with saline. Moreover, allograft skins in mice that received CsA had less inflammation. Conclu-sions Allogenetic mouse skin transplantation exhibits acute graft rejection. CsA can inhibit the rejection in a dose dependent manner.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications, so as to provide the basis for applicable population of long-acting antipsychotic medications. Methods: Data of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications in Shanghai City from June 2020 to June 2022 were collected through Shanghai Mental Health Information Management System, and demographic characteristics, illness and medication use of patients were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 2 684 schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications were included in the study, had a mean age of (46.92±12.39) years, with 1 246 males (46.42%) and 1 438 females (53.58%). There were 1 397 unemployed cases, accounting for 52.05%; 1 429 cases with an educational level in junior high school or below, accounting for 53.24%; 1 301 unmarried cases, accounting for 48.47%; 832 cases in poverty, accounting for 31.00%. The caregivers of patients were mainly their parents, with 1 507 cases accounting for 56.15%. The courses of illness were mainly ≤10 years and >10-20 years, with 860 cases each, both accounting for 32.04%; 1 963 cases with incomplete self-awareness, accounting for 73.14%; 1 570 cases hospitalized at least once, accounting for 58.49%. There were 2 486 cases with continuous medication, accounting for 92.62%. The main method of taking medication was given by others, with 1 947 cases accounting for 72.54%. The medication adherence was mainly taking medication on time and in the right amount, with 2 437 cases accounting for 90.80%. Conclusion The main characteristics of schizophrenic patients using long-acting antipsychotic medications are young, unmarried, and unemployed adults, with incomplete self-awareness, continuous medication and medication given by others.

Objective In the present study, we investigated the effects of advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway. Methods Experiments were divided into three groups, including control group, rats albumin(RSA) group, and AOPP group. Different concentrations of AOPP were added to the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells culture medium. The production of ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells was measured by the fluorescence intensity of intracellular fluoroprobe ( DCFD ) . In order to verify the effect of enzyme of the production of ROS, the specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells which were cultured in the medium with AOPP. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the changes of NADPH oxidase enzymes subunits. Results Different concentrations of AOPP (50,100,200μg/ml) induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS. The higher concentrations of AOPP were added, the more ROS were produced. Furthermore,200μg/ml AOPP induced the maximum amount of ROS production(P<0. 05). Meanwhile, AOPP induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS with a time-dependent manner. The peak amount of ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells was observed in 3h when AOPP were added (P<0. 05). In addition, when specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells, the production of ROS were significantly suppressed by C-SOD, DPI, and apocynin(P<0. 05). On the other hand, AOPP can up-regulate the expression of Nox4 protein of the MC3T3-E1 cells, which is one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Meanwhile, AOPP can also induce the membrane migration of p47phox subunit. Conclusion AOPP induces osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to produce ROS by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway, and which may be one of the pathogenesis of AOPP involved in osteoporosis.

In order to enhance the utilization efficiency, reduce the environmental pollution of traditional chemical treatment and the agriculture waste incineration; we studied the ligninase production by Coprinus comatus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei through the plate screening. The results showed that C. comatus mixed culture with T. reesei have a good compatibility and higher yields of Laccase. On the basis of this pre-experiment, we studied the optimal conditions of mixed culture for enzyme production. Under the optimal conditions: the inoculation proportion of C. comatus and T. reesei (5:2), the interval of time (12 h), the temperature 260C, the shake rotation speed 150 r/min, fermented for 3 days, the Laccase activity reached 3267.1 U/mL, increased by 106% contrasted with single culture of C. commatus.
Coprinus ; metabolism ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Fermentation ; Oxygenases ; biosynthesis ; Plant Stems ; metabolism ; Trichoderma ; metabolism ; Zea mays ; metabolism