BACKGROUND:ETS-1,the first subgroup in the ETS family transcription factor,plays a key role in angiogenesis.Recent studies demonstrate that ETS-1 also has the important regulative functions in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.When the blood vessel begins to form,ETS-1 decides the apoptosis of partial endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the function and the research progress of vascular growth factor ETS-1 in angiogenesis and apoptosis.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search in Pubmed,Sciencedirect and Ovid database was underwent to identify the articles from January 1990 to September 2007,with the Key word "ETS-1,angiogenesis,apoptosis,osteoblast,osteoclast" in English.Simultaneously,Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Wanfang database were retrieved for the related articles from January 2000 to June 2007,with the key word "ETS-1,angiogenesis,apoptosis,endothelial cell" in Chinese.Altogether 128 articles were collected and carried on the first examination.Inclusive criteria:①The articles closely correlated with ETS-1 in angiogenesis and apoptosis.②The articles published recently or in the authoritative magazine were chose for the identical domain.Exclusive criteria:Duplicated researches.LITERATURE EVALUATION:The articles were mainly the experimental study of EST-1 in angiogenesis and apoptosis.Among 31 selected articles,2 were reviews while other 29 for clinical or basic experimental studies.DATA SYNTHESIS:①When orthodontic tooth moves,alveolar bone rebuilding is the dynamical equilibrium process between bone absorption and new bone formation.This process mechanism is complex and adjusted by many kinds of factors.②Among numerous regulatory factors,ETS-1 is the dominant factor and has important effect on angiogenesis.③The research indicates,four kinds of typical vascular growth factors(acid fibroblast growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor) can induce the ETS-1 expression,and ETS-1 promotes vessel production through inducing the expressions of the related factors with angiogenesis,such as matrix metalloproteinase and integrin ?3.④Many progresses have been achieved in the regulatory effect of ETS-1 in angiogenesis,but it still has many problems,such as how the ETS-1 precisely regulate angiogenesis,how the ETS-1 precisely adjust apoptosis in gene expression and so on.CONCLUSION:As a kind of important regulatory factors,ETS-1 has important regulatory effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis.

Objective To observe the activities of ChAT + neurons in subventricular zone (SVZ) after ischemic stroke and their effects on angiogenesis in peri-infarction region and related signaling pathways. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and atropine group. Ischemic models were made by permanent coagulation of the distal middle cerebral artery. The expression of ChAT,AChE in SVZ and VEGF,VEGFR2,pERK in peripheral regions of ischemic injury was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. 5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)/CD31 double-labeled cells were also tested by immunofluorescence. Results At 14 d after the surgery,the ratio of ChAT/AChE in SVZ increased after stroke(P < 0.05). Compared with those in Sham group,the levels of VEGF,VEGFR2 and pERK were higher in MCAO group(P<0.05)and VEGFR2-positive and BrdU/CD31-positive cells increased significantly. However,lower expression of VEGF,VEGFR2 and pERK and less VEGFR2-positive and BrdU/CD31-positive cells were found in atropine group when compared with that in MCAO group. Conclusions The activities of ChAT +neurons in SVZ are enhanced after ischemic injury and they can promote angiogenesis in peripheral region of ischemic injury via upregulating VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway and improving the brain function restoration.

Avian influenza virus is a new recombinant virus , which can cause severe respiratory symptoms ,such as short course,acute disease,and a high mortality rate.The purpose of this paper was to summarize the current status of this virus in terms of its epidemiology ,genetic evolution and virulence .By introducing the advancement in the research of this subtype virus, we hope to provide data and evidence ,for effective surveillance and prevention of this virus .

Objective To investigate the effects of cholinergic signal on neural stem cell(NSC)differenti-ation in peri-infarction region after ischemic stroke. Methods Mice were randomly assigned into sham + vehicle group,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)+ vehicle group,MCAO + donepezil group and MCAO + atro-pine group(n = 25). MCAO was induced by thread-occlusion method. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS)was used to evaluate neurological function recovery,and the brain water content was measured by dry-wet weight method. NeuN/5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU),CNPase/BrdU,GFAP/BrdU double-labeled cells were tested by immunofluorescence. Results Brain water content of MCAO + vehicle group was significantly higher than that of sham operation group(P < 0.05). Donepezil-treated MCAO mice had lower neurologic deficit scores and brain water content than of MCAO + vehicle group(P < 0.05). On day 14 and day 28 after MCAO,the NeuN/BrdU, CNPase/BrdU and GFAP/BrdU immune-positive cells of MCAO + vehicle group were markedly increased as com-pared with that of sham+vehicle group(P<0.05).Compared with that of MCAO+vehicle group,the number of NeuN/BrdU-positive cells,CNPase/BrdU-positive cells and GFAP/BrdU-positive cells was higher in MCAO+done-pezil group,and the number of NeuN/BrdU-positive cells and CNPase/BrdU-positive cells of MCAO + atropine group was lower(P < 0.05). Conclusions Cholinergic signal could promote NSCs differentiation in peri-infarc-tion region,a lleviate cerebral edema,and improve the brain function restoration after stroke.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for postoperative hypothermia rewarming in adults with severe burns.Methods:Foreign language databases including Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence- Based Health Care Center Database, PubMed, Ovid- Medline, BMJ Best Practice, and Web of Science were retrieved with the search terms of " severe burn/major burn/severe degree burn" , " hypothermia/warming intervention/hypothermia/temperature/body temperature change" , and " postoperative /perioperative/peri-operative/post-operative" and Chinese databases including Chinese Journal Full- Text Database, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were retrieved with the search terms of "手术/术后/术中" , "低温/低体温" , and "烧伤" to obtain all the publicly published evidence for postoperative hypothermia rewarming in adults with severe burns from the establishment of each database to April 2018, including systematic evaluations, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary, and original research closely related to the evidence. The literatures were screened and evaluated for their quality, the evidences were extracted from them, evaluated, classified in order to summarize the best evidences. Results:A total of 8 literatures were included, including one systematic evaluation, three guidelines, one expert consensus, and three evidence summaries. Finally, the best evidences in 8 aspects including the body temperature monitoring site, body temperature monitoring frequency, surface heating, in vivo heating, rewarming start, multi-strategy rewarming, equipment, and personnel training were summarized.Conclusions:Based in the evidence-based nursing method, this study retrieves and evaluates the literature, summarizes the evidence analysis and evaluation, and obtains the best evidences of postoperative hypothermia rewarming in adult patients with severe burns, which provides a strong reference for the clinical implementation of rewarming.