Background Chemical modification of RNA is a recent hotspot in the field of epigenetics, but the specific mechanism of chemical modification of RNA in aluminum neurotoxicity has not been fully reported. Objective To investigate the alterations of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), that demethylates N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions of rats and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma differentiated cells (PC12 cells) following aluminum exposure. Methods Animal experiment: Twenty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (normal saline) and 10, 20, and 40 μmol·kg⁻¹ exposure groups according to body weight, with 6 rats in each group. Maltol aluminum [Al(mal)₃] was injected intraperitoneally every other day for 3 months. Cell experiment: PC12 cells were divided into a control group and 100, 200, and 400 μmol·L⁻¹ exposure groups exposed to Al(mal)₃ for 24 h. After exposure, the learning and memory ability of rats was measured by water maze experiment, and the protein expression levels of FTO and BDNF in rat cortex (n=6) and hippocampus (n=6) samples as well as in PC12 cells (n=5) were determined by Western blotting. Results The results of water maze test showed that the escape latency of the 40 μmol·kg⁻¹Al(mal)₃ group was higher than those of the control group, the 10 μmol·kg⁻¹Al(mal)₃ group, and the 20 μmol·kg⁻¹Al(mal)₃ group on day 3, 4, and 5 of training (P<0.05). The retention time of the target quadrant of the 40 μmol·kg⁻¹Al(mal)₃ group was also reduced compared with that of the control group (P<0.05), indicating that aluminum exposure damaged the learning and memory ability of the rats. The Western blotting results showed that in the cortex, compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of FTO and BDNF in the aluminum treated groups were decreased (P<0.05). In the hippocampus, compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of FTO and BDNF in the 20 μmol·kg⁻¹ and the 40 μmol·kg⁻¹Al(mal)₃ groups were decreased (P<0.05). In PC12 cells, compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of FTO and BDNF in the aluminum treated groups were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment is related to a simultaneous reduction of FTO and BDNF protein expressions, suggesting that m⁶A methylation may be involved.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between occupational aluminum exposure and fasting blood glucose level in workers. METHODS: A cluster sampling method was used to select 178 occupational aluminum-exposed workers as the exposure group, and 178 workers without occupational aluminum exposure as the control group in a large aluminum factory in Shanxi Province. Glucose oxidase method was used to measure the fasting blood glucose level, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the plasma aluminum level in these workers. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the correlation between plasma aluminum exposure level and fasting blood glucose in these workers. RESULTS: The blood aluminum level of workers in the exposure group was higher than that of the control group [median: 39.58 vs 16.67 μg/L, P<0.01]. The fasting blood glucose level of workers in the exposure group was higher than that of the control group [(5.33±0.79) vs(5.15±0.41) mmol/L, P<0.01]. The results of the generalized linear model analysis showed that the blood aluminum level of workers was positively correlated with their fasting blood glucose level after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, exercise, family history of diabetes, and incidence of diabetes(P<0.05). There was a dose-response relationship between the blood aluminum level and fasting blood glucose level of workers in the groups of junior high school and below and high school(all P_(trend)<0.01). There was no correlation found between blood aluminum level and fasting blood glucose level in the group of college and above(P_(trend)>0.05). There was a dose-response relationship between the blood aluminum level and the fasting blood glucose level in the workers in the non-exercise group(P_(trend)<0.01). There was no correlation found between the blood aluminum level and the fasting blood glucose level in the exercise group(P_(trend)>0.05). CONCLUSION: The blood aluminum level of workers exposed to occupational aluminum is positively correlated with their fasting blood glucose level. Higher education level or exercise can moderately reduce the effect of blood aluminum level on fasting blood glucose.

Background Previous studies show that aluminum exposure could increase the expression of miRNA-134-3p, which is involved in the mechanism of aluminum induced learning and memory impairment. However, it has not been investigated whether the expression level of miRNA-134-3p in the peripheral blood of occupational aluminum exposed workers is related to the blood aluminum concentration yet. Objective To evaluate a potential correlation between aluminum concentration in peripheral blood and miR-134-3p expression in occupational aluminum exposed workers. Methods A total of 184 male aluminum workers in the electrolytic aluminum workshop, aluminum oxide workshop, and thermal power workshop of an aluminum plant in Shanxi were selected by cluster sampling. They were divided into four groups (Q₁-Q₄) according to the quartiles of blood aluminum concentration, with 46 workers in each group. The basic information of workers was collected by questionnaire survey, and the cognitive function of workers was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The plasma of workers was collected, and the relative expression level of miR-134-3p in plasma was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The plasma aluminum concentration was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The associations among workers' peripheral blood aluminum concentration, plasma miR-134-3p expression level, and total MoCA score were evaluated by generalized linear models. Results The workers' medians (P₂₅, P₇₅) of blood aluminum concentration, plasma relative expression level of miR-134-3p, and MoCA score were 39.31 (25.30, 57.41) μg·L^-1, 2.93 (2.29, 3.74), and 22.0 (20.0, 26.0), respectively. The results of the generalized linear model showed that after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption, compared with the Q₁ group, blood aluminum in the Q₂, Q₃, or Q₄ group had an impact on related plasma miR-134-3p expression level and total MoCA score (P<0.05). With increasing blood aluminum concentration, the expression level of miR-134-3p in workers' plasma gradually increased, showing a positive correlation (b>0, P_trend<0.001), while the total score of MoCA gradually decreased, showing a negative correlation (b<0, P_trend<0.001). As the expression level of miR-134-3p in plasma increased, the total score of MoCA gradually decreased, showing a negative correlation (b<0, P_trend<0.001). There was a linear relationship between peripheral blood aluminum concentration and plasma relative expression level of miR-134-3p of the workers in the middle school and below group and the high school group (P_trend<0.05), b (95%CI)=1.796 (1.248, 2.344) and 1.192 (0.874, 1.510), and no correlation was found in the workers in the college and above group (P_trend>0.05). Conclusion Occupational aluminum exposure can lead to an increase in the expression level of miR-134-3p in plasma of workers, which may be related to a decrease in cognitive function of workers.