It has been found that Ginsenoside exhibits extensive pharmacological effects on animal and human.However,there have been few reports on these effects of Panax Quinquefolius saponin (PNS)so far.In this paper the immunologic effects of PNS were studied.Ⅰ.Immunologic effects of PNS on the immune cells of mice in vitror.The results showed that PNS could enhance ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation of mice,with the optimal concentration of lug/ml,The lymphokine(IFN,IL-2)production of splenocytes stimulated by ConA,and NKC activity of splenocytes also increadsed under the presence of PNS.Ⅱ.Effects of PNS on the immune function of mice in vivo The enhancement of spontaneous thymocyte proliferation,ConA-induced proliferation of splenocytes and thynocytes,ConA-induced production of IFN and IL-2 of splenocytes,NKC activity of splenocytes,and primary antibodyresponse to SRBC were examined.With the injection of PNS(1-2mg/20g/day)subcutaneously into mice for 7 days,

Objective To evaluate the role of 3 D spiral computerized tomographic angiography (SCTA) in microsurgery of separating craniopagus twins Methods A case of craniopagus twins underwent spiral CTA Image reconstruction was made by shaded surface display Result SCTA demonstrated osseous fusion in twins skull Parts of bone and dura mater were found to be absent in the fused area Two parts of brain tissues were linked together, and some area were fused Twins' one third of posterior superior sagittal sinuses were fused and converged into a common sinus One side of their transverse sinuses were fused Conclusion SCTA can clearlly reveal the abnormalities of skull, cerebrum, intracranial blood vessels, especially the stereostruction between intracranial blood vessels and skull SCTA is useful for intraoperative bone design and decision of surgical route and has important value in formulating surgical plans

BACKGROUND: Differentiation inducing factors and gestational age influence the differentiation potential of embryonic neuralstem cells.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to observe the differentiation potential of rat mesencephalic neural stem cells at differentgestational ages towards dopaminergic neurons.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, GuangdongProvince, China.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between Marchand September 2007. Thirty adult gestational SD rats, weighing 350 400 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of SunYat-sen University (Permission No. 2007-0034). The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines stated in Guide forthe use and care of laboratory animals, approved by the Committee on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute ofLaboratory Animal Resources Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, China (1985). DMEM/F12 serum-free medium,B27 additives, epidermal growth factor, basic fibmblast growth factor, and fetal bovine serum (volume fraction:0, 1) were purchased fromGibco Company, British; Interleukin lα, interleukin 11, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factors were purchased from R&D Company,USA; In addition, leukaemia inhibitory factor (Perpotech, British), tyrosine hydroxylase(Santa Cruz, USA), nidogen antibody,microtubule-associated protein 2 antibody, and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody(Chemicon, USA) were also used.METHODS: Six rats were randomly selected at each time point (on days 10,12,14,16, and 18 after gestation). After anesthesia, therats were sacrificed. Under the aseptic condition, fetal rat was harvested. Rat mesencephalic ventral brain tissue was isolated forculture of neural stem cells. Different gestational ages of rat brain-derived neural stem cells were separately cultured in theserum-free medium containing epidermal growth factors and basic fibroblast growth factors. After passage and amplification, theneural stem cells were induced to differentiate towards dopaminergic neurons in the medium containing interleukin lu, interleukin11, leukaemia inhibitory factors, glial cell-derived leukaemia inhibitory factors. On day 6 after induction and differentiation, thedopaminergic neurons were observed and identified by immunocytochemistry. After labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase, thedifferentiated dopaminergic neuron proportion was detected by a flow cytometer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The growth state of differentiated rat neural stem cells at different gestational ages and theimmunocytochemistry results. The tyrosine hydroxylase staining-positive neural stem cell proportion after induction anddifferentiation.RESULTS: Rat mesencephalic neural stem cell spheres on days 10,12, 14, 16, and 18 after gestation adhesively grew in thedifferentiation-inducing medium. The neural stem cells in the spheres gradually grew in radial tendency. On day 6 afterdifferentiation, most of the neural stem cells exhibited 1-2 long processes or several short processes. After nidogenimmunocytochemical staining, most of neural stem cells exhibited cytoplasm-positive. After culture for 6 days in the differentiationinducing medium, rat mesencephalic neural stem cells at gestational 10,12, 14, 16, and 18 days were detected by a flow cytometer.Results demonstrated that the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells was (10.3±2.5)%, (21.6±3.4)%, (16.7±2.8)%,(14.2±3.2)%, and (8.9±1.8)%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positivecells among the cells at different gestational days (P < 0.05). Rat neural stem cells at gestational 12 days could be induced todifferentiate into dopaminergic neurons at the highest proportion.CONCLUSION: Mesencephalic neural stem cells of rats at different gestational days have different capabilities to differentiatetowards dopaminergic neurons. The proportion of dopaminergic neurons is the highest when mesencephalic neural stem cells ofrats at gestational 12 days.

OBJECTIVE To enhance the positive rate of the blood culture in order to make pathogenic diagnosis actually and quickly and conducting usage of antimicrobial agents in clinic.To value the clinical applied circumstance of BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system.METHODS The 3728 blood cultures were detected by BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system,and bacterial susceptibility test was conducted on all isolates using Kirby-Bauer methods with CLSI standards.To statistically analyze the examined time,the positive rate and variety and drug resistance for all kinds of pathogens.RESULTS The blood culture positive rate was 6.0% in the 3728 blood cultures with 222 strains of bacteria.The false positive rate was 0.2% and the false negative rate was 0.4%.The positive rate of blood culture was 0.89% in 12 hours,2.01% in 18 hours,and 3.51% in 24 hours.Among all the 222 isolates,29.7% were Enterobacteriaceae,the drug resistant rates to amikacin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,and imipenem were 13.6%,36.3%,42.4%,and 3.0%,respectively;20.3% were Staphylococcus,the drug resistant rates to erythromycin,levofloxacin,cefoxitin,and vancomycin were 75.6%,33.3%,68.9%,and 0,respectively;11.7% were Enterococcus,the drug resistant rates to errythromycin,levofloxacin,fosfomycin,and vancomycin were 96.2%,80.8%,23.1%,and 0,respectively;11.3% were non-fermented bacilli,the drug resistant rates to amikacin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,and imipenem were 32.0%,52.0%,32.0%,and 32.0%,respectively;12.6% were fungi.CONCLUSIONS The pathogens in the blood specimens are more wider in distribution and more higher in drug resistance rates than before.BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system can be an important tool for the blood culture,it can provide the diagnostic help quickly for the clinic and increase the positive rates in blood culture.It can not only shorten the check-up time,but also be more quick and more exact.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum interleukin-8 (IL-8 )and immunoglobulin/complement 3A (IgA/C3)and immune imbalance in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura(HSP)in children,and provide evidence and guidance for clinical therapy of HSP.Methods Serum IL-8 was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and IgA and C3 were de-tected by automatic biochemistry analyzer,and calculate the ratio of IgA/C3.Results Serum IL-8 levels were (389±5 1.68)ng/L, significantly higher than that in healthy children (P < 0.05 ).Serum IgA levels were(306.2 ± 32.21 )mg/L,significantly higher (P <0.05).Serum C3 levels were (1 14.5 ±20.7)mg/L,of no statistical difference.IgA/C3 were (3.041 ±0.508 5),significantly higher(P <0.05).There was a positive correlation between IL-8 and IgA/C3 (r =0.534,P <0.05 ).Conclusion The children of HSP has cytokine and immunoglobulin disturbance,and presents a hyperreactivity in both humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Positive correlation between IL-8 and IgA/C3 was observed.

We reviewed and developed an indicator system framework for assessing teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training through literature research, expert consultation, analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis. We also made an empirical study on the constructed index system. The system included 3 domains (A1: evaluation of laparoscopic simulator; A2: operation evaluation of experimental animals; A3: evaluation of clinical practice), 10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators for assessing teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training. The indicator system framework has good internal consistency (Cronbach α= 0.968) and external consistency (>0.72). The empirical study found that: in the results of A1-A3 in the first level indicator, the score of the experienced group was significantly higher than that of the inexperienced group ( P<0.05). In the evaluation results of the 10 secondary indicators in the secondary indicators B1-B10, the score of the experienced group was significantly higher than that of the inexperienced group ( P<0.01). For the first time, we have established and evaluated a comprehensive evaluation indicator system which is reliable and effective and can be used for further evaluation of teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training. The following empirical studies have verified the effectiveness and practicability of the evaluation system.

Objective:To summarize the effect of thoracoscopy for infants with double aortic arch malformation.Methods:The clinical data of 10 infants with double aortic arch malformation from January 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively summarized, including 7 boys and 3 girls aged from 2 hours to 8 months, 9 with right arch dominance and 1 with left arch dominance. MRI examination was performed at 35 weeks before birth to understand the relationship between vascular ring and trachea and esophagus. Postnatal surgery was performed when trachea compression exceeded one third, and selective operation was performed around six months after birth if the compression was less than one third.Results:All the 10 cases underwent thoracoscopic surgery, and 1 case underwent thoracotomy because oxygen saturation could not be maintained. The operation time was 80-135 minutes, with an average of 100 minutes. Intraoperative bleeding was about 5-10 ml. Postoperative ventilator support time was 4-14 days. 1 patient was cured and discharged except that he gave up treatment for economic reasons. Postoperative follow-up period was 1-6 months. No difficulty in eating, no difficulty in breathing required tracheal stenosis surgery again. 4 patients needed ventilator support for more than 7 days, 2 patients developed pneumothorax and were cured after drainage. One patient presented hoarseness.Conclusion:Prenatal examination can improve the diagnosis rate of double aortic arch deformity, early intervention follow-up in pediatric surgery can reduce the incidence of related complications in children, and thoracoscopic surgery is feasible to correct the deformity, with small trauma and Less bleeding.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

Approximately 140 million people worldwide are homozygous carriers of APOE4 (ε4), a strong genetic risk factor for late onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), 91% of whom will develop AD at earlier age than heterozygous carriers and noncarriers. Susceptibility to AD could be reduced by targeted editing of APOE4, but a technical basis for controlling the off-target effects of base editors is necessary to develop low-risk personalized gene therapies. Here, we first screened eight cytosine base editor variants at four injection stages (from 1- to 8-cell stage), and found that FNLS-YE1 variant in 8-cell embryos achieved the comparable base conversion rate (up to 100%) with the lowest bystander effects. In particular, 80% of AD-susceptible ε4 allele copies were converted to the AD-neutral ε3 allele in human ε4-carrying embryos. Stringent control measures combined with targeted deep sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and RNA sequencing showed no DNA or RNA off-target events in FNLS-YE1-treated human embryos or their derived stem cells. Furthermore, base editing with FNLS-YE1 showed no effects on embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Finally, we also demonstrated FNLS-YE1 could introduce known protective variants in human embryos to potentially reduce human susceptivity to systemic lupus erythematosus and familial hypercholesterolemia. Our study therefore suggests that base editing with FNLS-YE1 can efficiently and safely introduce known preventive variants in 8-cell human embryos, a potential approach for reducing human susceptibility to AD or other genetic diseases.
Humans ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics* ; Cytosine ; Mutation ; Blastocyst ; Heterozygote ; Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems