OBJECTIVE:To prepare diclofenac sodium controlled release tablet,and to evaluate the mechanism of drug release.METHODS:Stearic acid and ethyl cellulose were used as blocking agents and sodium carboxylmethyl starch was used as disintegrating agent.Tablets were made after drying the granules prepared.The dissolution rates were acquired according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(1995).RESULTS:Drug release from the tablets prepared was of zero-order release before 90% of drug released.No significant influences were observed from the dissolution rates of the different pressure of tablet(5～10kg),amount of drugs contained in the tablet(35%～60%)and different geometry of the tablets,respectively.The remarkable difference waw observed between the disintegrating and blocking agents contained in the tablets.CONCLUSION:The time of 50% of durg released could be changed as the amount of disintegrating or blocking agents were changed.

Objective To investigate the effect of lipid emulsion as drug carrier on pancreas targeting capability of hydroxycamptothecin. Methods Hydroxycamptothecin-loaded lipid emulsion was prepared by a two-step emulsifying process with soybean phospholipid and soybean oil as main excipients. Hydroxycamptothecin-loaded lipid emulsion and hydroxycamtothecin injection were iv administrated to rabbits at a single dose of 3.5 mg/kg. The hydroxycamptothecin concentration in the pancreas was determined by HPLC with camptothecin as the internal standard. Results The HPLC method for the determination of hydroxycamptothecin and camptothecin was sensitive and accurate. The hydroxycamptothecin concentration in the pancreas was greatly improved in hydroxycamptothecin-loaded lipid emusion compared with hydroxycamtothecin injection. Conclusion The pancreatic gland targeting capability is greatly improved, when lipid emulsion is used as drug carrier.

BACKGROUND:The animal model of high fat diet-induced obesity is the first choice for the study of human obesity. Leptin and its receptor expression play an important role in the high fat diet-induced obesity and obesity resistant, but the exact mechanism and the role of swimming are not clear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of 7-week swimming on serum leptin and leptin receptor expression in hypothalamus in rats with high fat diets.
METHODS:A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat diets for 8 weeks. Thediet-induced obeseand obese resistant rats were selected based on the body weight. 14 obese rats were equaly divided into two groups: obese group and obese-exercise group; and 14 obese resistant rats were equaly divided into two groups: obese resistantgroup and obese resistant-exercise group. Al the rats were continualy given high fat diets. Exercise groups accepted free swimming training for 7 weeks at the same time.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the obese group, obese-exercise group had obviously decreased in body weight, fat pad weight, fat pad weight/body weight and serum leptin concentration. And obese-exercise group had obviously increased receptor mRNA expression in hypothalamus. There was no significant change in above indexes betweenthe obese resistant group and obese resistant-exercise group. Theresults showed that swimming exercise can increase energy consumption and improve metabolism, which decreased the concentration of leptin and effectively improved leptin receptor expressionin the hypothalamus to ease leptin resistance and improve the body’s metabolism.

Objective To develop and charaterize a series of Poloxamer-and Carbopol-based in situ gel for ophthalmic use as to enhance the ability of drug to retain in eyes and delay drug release.Methods The gel was prepared using Poloxamer 407/188 and Carbopol 974P as gelling agent and viscosity enhancer,respectively.Rheological characteristics were evaluated and behaviour of drug release in vitro was investigated by modified Franz diffusion cells.Results The rheological study indicated that the gel was physically entangled polymer solutions at 20 ℃ and then converted into a network structure with secondary bonds at 35 ℃.The gel released the drug molecules slowly in 4 h.The best fit model was Higuchi matrix model(r=0.992 3).Formulations consisting of Poloxamer 188 and Carbopol 974P were proved to be able to decrease the drug release speed efficiently.The impact on elastic modulus G" of the gel caused by those two were different.Conclusion An in situ gel with suitable sol-gel transition temperature and satisfactory release pattern could be achieved by adjusting the ratio of Poloxamer 407 to Poloxamer 188.The developed formulations have the ability to prolong the ocular residence time,which suggests it may be a new durg delivery system with bright future.

Objective Controversies remain as to the recovery time, recovery quality, and incidence of peri-recovery adverse reactions of the patient receiving general anesthesia with remifentanil and sufentanil.This study aimed to systematically assess the qual-ity of recovery from general anesthesia with remifentanil and sufentanil. Methods Randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) were re-trieved from The Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, Ovid, Springer, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wan-Fang Data.According to the modified Jadad quality scale, the literature retrieved was screened and subjected to quality evaluation and meta-analysis was performed on the included studies using the RevMan 5.1 software. Results Thirty-three RCTs involving 2175 pa-tients were finally included.The results of meta-analysis showed no significant differences between the remifentanil and sufentanil groups undergoing thyroid surgery either in the recovery time to spontaneous breathing ( T1) and eye-opening ( T2) and endortracheal extubation time ( T3 ) ( P >0.05 ) or in the incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (P>0.05).T1, T2 and T3 were significantly shorter in the sufentanil than in the remifentanil group in other types of surgery (P<0.05).The patients with level-1 Ramsay score were remarkably more in the remifentanil than in the sufentanil group ( MD =13.67, 95% CI 2.67 -69.91 ) ( P <0.05), and the VAS scores were markedly higher in the former than in the latter group at 30 minutes (MD=3.37, 95% CI 3.28-3.46) and 1 hour after extubation (MD=2.53, 95% CI 2.43 -2.63) (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with sufentanil, remifentanil provides a quicker recovery but a weaker analgesia effect and a higher rate of post-operative agitation.However, sufentanil produces a better pain relief and a higher quality of recovery after operation.

Objective To summarize the surgical skills of the pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach for the treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).Methods The clinical data of 1 patient with huge duodenal GIST combined with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and liver metastasis who was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient had continuous bleeding before the operation.The results of computed tomography (CT) showed that there was a solid tumor below the liver and in front of the right kidney,with the size of 12.2 cm × 8.1 cm,inferior vena cava was squeezed by the tumor,a solid tumor was detected in the right lobe of liver,and the colon was suspiciously invaded by the tumor.The patient received pancreaticoduodenectomy,right hemicolectomy and right lobectomy of liver metastases.The patient was followed up by out patient examination and telephone interview up to August 2014.Results The operation time,volume of blood loss and volume of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were 420 minutes,800 mL and 2 U,respectively,with a full recovery of patients.The duodenal GIST with metastasis tumor and necrosis located at the colon,pancreatis,liver and renal hilum was confirmed by pathological diagnosis.The life quality of the patient was good by follow-up at postoperative month 3.Conclusion In the pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach,surgeons perform vigorously the method of mesenteric approach at the first stage of operation,it could maximally reduce the risk of operation and the volume of blood loss.

Objective To investigate a safe and effective method of lengthening the short nose.Methods Thirty-nine cases of short nose were corrected by the bilateral septal spreader graft and columellar strut using autologous cartilage,combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE)to reconstruct the supporting structures to improve the forward and upward strength of the nasal tip in order to increase the nasal length and to correct the over rotation of nasal tip.The shield and cap grafts were also used for the patients whose nasal tip were too low with vertical dome division technique.Results All the patients showed preserved nasal length after surgery with well-proportioned nasal features and the nasal lip angles were normal.There was no evidence of postoperative nasal shortening.No operative or postoperative complications were observed by follow-up for 6 months to 1 year,except for 2 cases with graft cartilage being apparent on nasal tip.All the patients were satisfied with the surgical results achieved.Conclusions It is necessary to provide powerful forward and upward strength to lengthen nose and correct the over rotation of nasal tip effectively and safely.The application of bilateral septal spreader graft and columellar strut using autologous cartilage and combined with e-PTFE represents a valuable tool for the short nose and proper cartilage grafts of nasal tip can improve the height of the nasal tip and further correct the over rotation of the nasal tip.

Objective To prepare stable silybin oral microemulsion. Methods The formulation of the silybin oral microemulsion was optimized by the combination of surface tension measure, pseudo-ternary phase diagram drawing and orthogonal design. Results Microemulsion type was identified. Average particle diameter was measured. Distribution of silybin in microemulsion was measured by ultracentrifugation. The centrifugalization and influencing factors experiment of microemulsion were carried out,which could keep homogeneous and stable for three months on the storage condition of room temperature. Meanwhile,the influence of high-temperature and illumination was a little. Conclusion Stable oral microemulsion silybin can be prepared in this formulation, with fine-looking and desirable stability which is better for the further studies.