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Objective To investigate the effect of different shear stress on the expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in vascular endothelial cells.Methods Umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV-304) was used as the research cell.The shear stress of 5 dyne/cm2 and 10 dyne/cm2 was regulated by the self-made shearing stress control device.The shear stress in were maintained at 0,5 dyne/cm2 and 10 dyne/cm2 respectively in the control group,the low shear stress group and the high shear stress group.The effects on the levels of IL-8 and ET-1 were analyzed between the three groups at five time points of 30 min,60 min,120 min,300 min,420 min.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between IL-8 and ET-1.Results The level of IL-8 in the three groups has been on the rise.At the three time points of 30 min,60 min and 120 min,there was no statistically significant difference in IL-8 level between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).At the two time points of 300 min and 420 min,the difference of the IL-8 level in the three groups was statistically different (P ＜ 0.05),At the two time points of 300 min and 420 min,the IL-8 level in the low shear stress group was higher than that in the control group and the high shear group,the IL-8 level in the high shear group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of ET-1 in the control group and the low shear group showed an upward trend,and the ET-1 level in the high shear group increased continuously in the former 120 min,but began to decrease continuously since then.At the three time points of 30 min,60 min and 120 min,the difference of the ET-1 level in the three groups was statistically different (P ＜ 0.05).The ET-1 level of the high shear group at three time points of 30 min,60 min and 120 min was higher than that of the control group,the level of ET-1 at two time points of 30 min and 60 min was higher than that in low shear stress group (P ＜ 0.05),the ET-1 level of the low shear group at two time points of 60 min and 120 min was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).At the two time points of 300 min and 420 min,there was no significant difference in the level of ET1 between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of IL-8 and ET-1 (r =0.384,P =0.031).Conclusions Shear stress can affect the expression of IL-8 and ET-1 in vascular endothelial cells,the shear stress of 5 dyne/em2 can increase the level of IL-8 more efficiently,the shear force of 10 dyne/cm2 can increase the level of ET-1 more obviously,but it may cause damage to the vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigecycline-based treatment approach on severe infection of patients with hematological diseases. Methods The clinical data of 64 patients who were treated with tigecycline-based treatment approach for severe infection were retrospectively reviewed. The curative effect was evaluated, meanwhile the drug side effects were observed. Results A total of 51 strains of bacteria were isolated from 64 patients, including 12 extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)and 15 multi-drug resistant strains and the total effective rate was 59.4%(38/64). Five patients diagnosed as carbapenem resistant infection and were treated with the addition dose of tigecycline and 3 patients relieved. Main adverse events were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hepatic dysfunction, but all events were slight. Conclusions Tigecycline-based treatment approach has a good clinical efficacy in treating severe infection of patients with hematological diseases, and the side effect is few.Tigecycline-based treatment approach could be used as a new choice for patients non-responding favorably to conventional anti-infective treatment or multiple resistant bacteria.

To investigate the effect of the Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GBE) on the asthma and examine its possible mechanisms, 75 asthma patients were divided into 4 groups and the patients were respectively treated with fluticasone propionate for 2 weeks or 4 weeks, or treated with fluticasone propionate plus GBE for 2 weeks or 4 weeks. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as healthy controls. Sputum inhalation with inhaling hypertonic saline (4%-5%) was performed. Lung ventilatory function and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured. The numbers of different cells in induced sputum were calculated. The expression of PKCα in the cells was immunocytochemically detected and the percentages of positive cells in different cells were counted. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) in sputum supernatants was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of eosinophils, lymphocytes, PKCα positive inflammatory cells and the concentration of IL-5 in asthmatic patients were higher than those in the controls (P＜0.05), and the eosinophils, lymphocytes,positive expression of PKCα and the level of IL-5 were significantly decreased in asthmatic patients after they were treated with fluticasone propionate or fluticasone propionate plus GBE. However,they were still significantly higher than those of the controls. Compared to the group treated with glucocorticosteroid for 2 weeks, no significant decrease was found in the percentage of eosinophils,lymphocytes, PKCα positive inflammatory cells and the IL-5 in the supernatant of induced sputum.Compared with the group treated with glucocorticosteroid for 2 or 4 weeks, significant decrease in the same parameters was observed in the group treated with fluticasone propionate and GBE for 4 weeks. The IL-5 level in the supernatant of induced sputum was positively correlated with the percentage of PKCα-positive inflammatory cells and the percentage of eosinophils in the induced sputum in asthma patient groups respectively (n=150, r= 0.83, P＜0.01; n=150, r=0.76, P＜0.01). The FEV1 was negatively correlated with the percentage of PKCα-positive inflammatory cells and the IL-5 levels in supernatant of induced sputum in asthma patients respectively (n=150, r=-0.77,P＜0.01; n=150, r= -0.64, P＜0.01). It is concluded that GBE could significantly decrease the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes in the asthmatic airway and relieve the airway inflammation. GBE may decrease the activation of the PKCα in the inflammatory cells and thereby decrease the IL-5 level in induced sputum. GBE may be used as a complement to the glucocorticosteroid therapy for asthma.

We constructed the CS1-targeted second- and third-generation CAR-T cells with genetic engineered 4-1BB or/and ICOS as a costimulatory signaling molecule by use of lentiviral platform. The CS1-targeted second-generation CAR-T cells with ICOS or 4-1BB had similar anti-neoplastic activity. When effector/target ratio was 1:1, the CAR-T cells with ICOS showed better killing effect on IM9-lucgfp cells than those with 4-1BB. However, The CS1-targeted third-generation CAR-T cells exihibited lower cytolytic capacity against IM9-lucgfp cells than the CS1-targeted second-generation CAR-T cells when the ratio of effector/target was 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. When the ratio of effector/target was 10:1, the killing efficacy of both the second- and third-generation CAR-T cells against IM9-lucgfp cells was more than 85%, significantly higher than that of the control T cells. Taken together, both the CS1-targeted second- and third-generation CAR-T cells with ICOS or/and 4-1BB could efficiently kill CS1-positive multiple myeloma cells, but the CS1-targeted second-generation CAR-T cells had more potent killing effect on CS1-positive multiple myeloma cells than the CS1-targeted third-generation CAR-T cells.
4-1BB Ligand/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism* ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy* ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/chemistry* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Functional electronic stimulation (FES) may provide a means to restore motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The goal of this study is to determine the regions in the spinal cord controlling different hindlimb movements in the rats. Normalization was used for the regions dominating the corresponding movements. It has been verified that FES can be used in motor function recovery of the hindlimb. The spinal cord was stimulated by FES with a three-dimensional scan mode in experiments. The results show that stimulation through the electrodes implanted in the ventral locations of the lumbosacral enlargement can produce coordinated single- and multi-joint hindlimb movements. A variety of different hindlimb movements can be induced with the appropriate stimulation sites, and movement vectors of the hindlimb cover the full range of movement directions in the sagittal plane of the hindlimb. This article drew a map about spinal cord motor function of the rat. The regions in the spinal cord which control corresponding movements are normalized. The data in the study provide guidance about the location of electrode tips in the follow-up experiments.

In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR method was developed for detection of seven diarrhea-associated porcine viruses, including porcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapovirus (PSV), porcine deltacornavirus (PDCoV), porcine kobuvirus (PKV), porcine sapovirus (PSaV), porcine astrovirus (PAstV) and porcine torovirus (PToV). A total of 419 samples were screened by this method and results showed that PKV had the highest positive rate of 26.98%?45.79% and its mixed infection rate reached 9.52%-18.54%. On account of high positive rate of PKV and its important role in diarrhea disease, complete genomic sequences of three PKV positive samples were further sequenced. Three PKV labeled as PD-PKV, JS-PKV and CM-PKV were classified into porcine kobuvirus genus and had far genetic distance with other kobuviruses. The complete genome homologies among them were 88.1%-89.1%. CM-PKV had the highest identity with the Chinese strain JS-02a-CHN/2013 reported in 2013 while JS-PKV and PD-PKV were most closed to the K-30-HUN/2008/HUN strain reported in Hungary in 2008. This illustrates the significant genetic differences of the different PKV isolates in Shanghai while its relationship with the viral pathogenicity still needs to be explored. This research provides references for further understanding the prevalence of PKV and its role in swine diarrhea.