BACKGROUND: The image edge of rabbit femur is identified using self-programmed Matlab program. But owing to the complexity of the model, can we set up a femoral structure model after the solid model of the femur created in UG three-dimensional (3D) software is put into ANSYS software? OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of constructing 3D biomechanical model of rabbit femur.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Biomechanics Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Technology.MATERIAL: One 1-year-old female New Zealand white rabbit weighing 2.6 kg. ACTIS 400/225 industry CT scanner (BIR,USA).METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Biomechanics Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Technology from July to transformed into *.bmp format. Photoshop image processing software was applied for some essential processing on the original image, such as contrast control, smoothing and noise attenuation to strengthen the differentiability and analyzability of the image. In addition, the magnetic noose tool was used to outline the contour line of inside and outside boundary, and obtain the inside and outside contour line of every layer of the femur. The rabbit femur was scanned by industry CT starting from the upper extreme of the femur, vertical to femoral ordinate axis line (slice space=I ram). The scanning slice space was adjusted to 2 mm from the 43rd layer below small trochanter to the 53ra layer of middle femur because the shape between these layers was relatively regular. Totally 87 slices of layer images were scanned 9.9 cm in length. The image was put into the computer and processed to get the boundary contour line; the contour line coordinate for modeling was obtained through imported from UG into ANSYS software. A solid model of the femur was produced automatically. Finally, the solid model with cavity was obtained using subtraction option of Boolean in ANSYS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Establishment of rabbit femoral structure model. connected by the multiple valid points was formed. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th until the 87th layers were read in turn, and the inside and automatically divide the mesh to produce finite element meshes and 42 221 nodes and 27 768 elements were obtained. CONCLUSION: The 3D model of rabbit femur actually simulated the anatomic appearance of the femur. This model lays a foundation for identifying the optimal parameter of vibration that can improve bone mineral density by finite element analysis.

Objective:To explore the medical undergraduate teaching method of ECG. Methods:random sampling in the practice of medical undergraduates in our hospital ,2013 medical undergraduates as the experimental group, 2012 medical undergraduates as control group, two groups of 40 (male, female 20), age 22~23 years old, the experimental group internship period adjustment of ECG in 2 week internship, ECG during the internship period, by the junior high the doctor, according to a set of prior to the development of the teaching plan, practice teaching, the control group had no ECG internship content; in the two groups before and after the end of internship, were an ECG, theory of knowledge, operation and map reading test. Results:In the experimental group in the ECG theoretical knowledge, operation method, normal electrocardiogram, abnormal electrocardiogram exam scores, were more than that of the control group, there was significant difference in two groups(x2=22.321, x2=37.883, x2=31.179, x2=10.66;P<0.001). Conclusion: According to undergraduate medical situation, summarize the clinical teaching process ideas, enhance the practice ability, is before the practice was significantly increased in the reading and analysis abilities of ECG, far more than the control group. The teaching plan is feasible and effective;it is worth further exploration and promotion.

Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common types of primary malignant bone tumors. Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs),including varieties of cell growth factors and proto-oncogene pro-ducts,are the high-affinity cell surface receptors which play an important role in the normal physiological func-tion of cells. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal RTKs signaling pathways may pro-mote the tumorigenesis and development of osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma by affecting tumor cell survival, proliferation,invasion and metastasis. Targeting treatment of RTKs is a promising therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma.

Objective To explore the correlation between social support and subjective well-being of Zhuang elder people in rural area.Methods 320 Zhuang nationnality rural old man were randomly selected from the xiangxian town,the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Left behind elderly among them (A group) was 160,non left behind elderly (B group) was 80,five elderly (C group) was 80.General access volume,Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness (MUNSH) and social support rating scale (SSRS) were investigated.Results Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness scores of A,B,C groups were (27.90± 10.61,35.11 ±9.92,31.67± 12.07),and the difference was statistically significant (F=11.45,P＜ 0.05).SSRS scores of A,B,C groups were (34.91±8.13,39.53±6.95,30.31±7.62),the difference was statistically significant (F=26.53,P＜0.05).A,B group's happiness score and objective support was positively correlated (r=0.20,0.25 ; P＜0.05),A,B,C group's happiness score is positively correlated with subjective support (r=0.17,0.36,0.31; P＜0.05),happiness score and utilization degree positive correlation in A,C groups (r=0.23,0.39; P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhuang rural elderly subjective well-being is associated with each dimension of social support,and strengthen social support helps to improve the old man's subjective sense of happiness.

Objective To investigate treatment method for existing and impending benign pathological femoral neck and trochanteric lesions.Methods A retrospective study wad done on 25 patients with benign proximal femur lesions treated between 2002 and 2004.All patients were treated with lesion curettage,cauterization,autografting and/or allografting.Then,dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or hip joint-span external fixator were selected according to the involved area of the lesion of the proximal femur.The duration of follow-up was mean 2.3 years (2-4 years).Results Sound bony union was seen on the radiographs of all patients by 3-6 months after surgery.There found no local recurrence or avascular necrosis of the femoral head,or complications like necrosis,infections or fractures.Function of the patients in the current series was graded excellent,assessed by the validated outcome measures MSTS-87,MSTS-93 and TESS lower extremity.Conclusion DCS or hip joint-span external fixator may be better alternative treatment of benign pathological femoral neck and trochanteric lesions,compared with conventional surgical methods such as simple bone grafting,traction and hip spica cast.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of ursolic acid on human hepatic stellate cells (HSC-LX-2) proliferation and its mechanism.Different doses of ursolic acid were incubated with HSC-LX-2 cellin vitrof or 48 h.MTT was used for the detection of HSC-LX-2 cell proliferation.The expressions of PDGF-ERK signaling pathway associated proteins were measured by western blot.The results showed that the proliferation of HSC- LX-2 cells was inhibited by ursolic acid in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition rate of 20,30 and 40μmol·L-1 of ursolic acid was 9.1%,42.3% and 62.6%,respectively.The IC50 was 35.2μmol·L-1.After incubated with ursolic acid for 48 h,protein levels of PDGF-R and p-ERK in 30 and 40μmol·L-1 group were significantly decreased when compared with the normal group (P<0.05 orP<0.01),except the ERK protein.It was concluded that ursolic acid can inhibit HSC-LX-2 cell proliferation.Its mechanism may be related to the blockage of PDGF-ERK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of space-occupying lesions of the head of pancreas.Methods The clinical data of 247 patients with space-occupying lesions of the head of pancreas who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University from January 2011 to April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received enhanced computed tomnography and (or) magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas.The levels of alpha-fetal protein (AFP),CA19-9,CA125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were detected,and the serum level of IgG4 was detected in patients who were suspected of autoimmune pancreatitis.Intraoperative pathological examination was applied to patients who were diagnosed as with cancer of the head of pancreas.Pancreaticoduodenectomy,extended pancreaticoduodenectomy or bilio-jejunostomy or (and) gastrointestinal anastomosis were applied to patients according to the stage and infiltration of the tumor.Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy could be selected after informed consent.The adjacent tissues and organs should be preserved on the premise of complete tumor resection for patients with benign and low-grade malignancy.Results A total of 194 patients had solid spaceoccupying lesions of the head of pancreas,including 125 with pancreatic head cancer,45 with mnass in the head of pancreas,9 with chronic pancreatitis with mass in the head of pancreas,11 with autoimmune pancreatitis,4 with insulinoma.Fifty-three patients were with cystic space-occupying lesions,including 12 with mucinous cystadenoma,8 with serous cystadenoma,17 with pancreatic cyst,12 with solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas and 4 with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.The positive rates of AFP,CA19-9,CA125 and CEA of the 71 patients who were confirmed as with pancreatic cancer by pathological examination were 7.0％ (5/71),94.4％ (67/71),42.3％ (30/71) and 0,respectively.The positive rates of AFP,CA19-9,CA125 and CEA of the 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis with mass in the head of pancreas were 1/12,4/12,1/12 and 0,respectively.Seventynine patients with pancreatic head cancer,mass in the head of pancreas and chronic pancreatitis with mass in the head of pancreas received intraoperative pathological examination.A total of 119 patients received operation,including 71 with pancreatic head cancer,7 with chronic pancreatitis with mass in the head of pancreas,4 with insulinoma,1 with pancreatic tuberculosis,8 with mucinous cystadenoma,4 with serous cystadenoma,6 with pancreatic pseudocyst,1 with huge lymphangioma,1 with lymphoepithelial cyst,12 with solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas and 4 with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.Of the 247 patients with space-occupying lesions of the head of pancreas,61 received pancreaticoduodenectomy,4 received duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection,4 received pancreatic head and neck resection,2 received partial resection of the uncinate process of the pancreas,9 received enucleation of the tumor,38 received bilio-jejunostomy or (and) gastrointestinal anastomosis,22 received endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography + stent installation,18 received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage + stent installation,1 received exploratory lapartomy and the other 88 patients were untreated.Conclusions The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the space-occupying lesions of the head of pancreas depend on the clinical presentation,medical history,laboratory examination,sonography,computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Individualized treatment plan based on the feature of the tumor and kinds of the lesions combined with intraoperative pathological examination is helpful for selecting the surgical procedures.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional lev-el and then affect important physiological and pathological processes. Many microRNAs are tissue or organ-speciifc which make it possible for them to become potential biomarkers. Similarly, microRNAs are important for physiological functions of kidney and they are involved in various renal disorders. The review summarizes current information about microRNA effect on various kidney diseases, in order to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease in the future.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.011

Acute kidney injury is a clinical common disease,but it is a dangerous illness with higher o-verall mortality.Even mild renal insufficiency carries complications.Therefore,it is very important for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury,which is based on high sensitivity,strong specificity of biomarkers.