BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion. Changes in the strength balance between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion, even an impact to the tendon insertion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism and influence of patellar tendinopathy on the knee joint and surrounding muscles motion. METHODS: Ten male athletes with patellar tendinopathy and ten male athletes with matched sports item, body height and age were selected, and the knee-joint strength and surface electromyography were tested using CON-TREX Isokinetic Measurement System. The change of knee-joint flexor peak torque, extensor peak torque and surface electromyography of the quadriceps were compared with and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Result showed during isometric exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly lower than the control group, and ratio of flexor peak torque to extensor peak torque was significantly higher than the control group; during isokinetic exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significant smaller than that of the control group, and notably changed with the increasing motion angular velocity; during isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise, the ratios of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis of the patellar tendinopathy group were lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences between knee-joint flexor and extensor of patellar tendinopathy athlete. The activity of vastus lateralis is low and vastus medialis and vastus lateralis are not in balance.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion.Changes in the strength balance between medial vastus muscle(VM)and musculus vastus lateralis(VL)in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion,even have an impact on the tendon insertion.OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze knee mechanical charactedstics and surface electromyography of the quaddceps in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of patellar tendinopathy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Self-control experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of Physical Education College of Soochow University from June to July 2009.METHODS:A total of 10 athletes with patellar tendinopathy aged(21.44±1.51)yeam were selected as patellar tendinopathy group and 10 normal athletes aged(21.37±1.36)years were selected as normal control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Knee flexor and extensor muscles peak torque in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise between two groups.②Comparison of quadnceps integrated electromyogram(IEMG)between two groups.③Comparison of VM/VL in different kinds of exercises between groups.RESULTS:The ratio of flexor and extensor peak torques of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly greater than the normal group in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercises(P＜0.05 or 0.01).VM IEMG of the patellar tendinopathy was significantly less than normal group(P＜0.05 or 0.01),but no difference was found in VL and rectus femoris IEMG between two groups.During the period of isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise,the ratios of VM/VL of the patellar tendinopathy group were remarkably lower than the normal group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION:There are significant differences between flexor and extensor torques in patellar tendinopathy athletes.VM is under-activity and there is an imbalance between VM and VL.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on the pulmonary ventilation function and electrocardiac activity of simple obesity primary school students. Methods 30 simple obesity boy students were recruited for this study. All the subjects participated in a 12-week aerobic training program (40 min/day,4 days/week). Body composition,pulmonary function and electrocardiogram were tested at the beginning and the end of the training program. Results Decreases of fat mass and body fat ratios were found in response to the exercise stimulus (P<0.05). Free-fat mass(FFM) significantly increased. No statistically significant differences of waist hip ratio (WHR) were found. Among the pulmonary ventilation function indexes,MVV、FEV_1、V_(50)/Ht and PEFR increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Among the EEG indexes,QTd value and QTcd value decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Aerobic exercises could improve the pulmonary ventilation function of simple obesity primary school students,and had favorable regulations on electrocardiac activity.

Objective To establish a method of murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) combined with measurement of ear swelling for the identification of photosensitive agents. Methods The female BALB/c mice received test chemicals or vehicle alone on the back skin of both ears and then were exposed to UVA irradiation on three consecutive days. The post-auricular lymph nodes draining the ear tissue were excised 24 h following the last irradiation. Lymph node cell counts and lymphocyte proliferative rates were determined, which indicated lymph node hyperplasia. While ear swelling was also measured, to reveal skin irritating reactions. Some cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2 and IL-4) released by the draining lymph node were also analyzed by ELISA. Results Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, a strong photoallergen, caused lymph node hyperplasia without ear swelling. The mild photoallergen (6-methylcoumarin) showed neither lymph node proliferation nor ear swelling reactions. But 8-methoxypsoralen, a phototoxic substance, induced both lymph node hyperplasia and ear swelling. The level of IL-4 was significantly increased when the mice were previously sensitized with tetrachlorosalicylanilide (P

Objective To investigate the surgical effect of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and its impact on prognosis. Method The clinical data of 204 hilar cholangiocarcinoma admitted into the First Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Bismuth-corlette type, type Ⅰ was 18 cases, type Ⅱ 40 cases, type Ⅲ-a 30 cases, type Ⅲ-b 53 cases, type Ⅳ 57 cases. The other 6 cases was not typed. Color Doppler ultrasound, CT, MRCP were used to determine the Bismuth-Corlette type before the surgery. Based on preoperative image diagnosis the correct diagnosis rate was 53. 7%, 76. 4%, 100% for ultrasound, CT and MRCP respectively. Ninety-two cases underwent tumor resection, including radical resection (R0) in 55 cases, and palliative resection (R1, R2) in 37 cases. Ninety-eight cases underwent exploration and biliary drainage, 6 cases did laparotomy only, 2 cases received liver transplantation. The survival rate (P < 0. 001) is statistically different between patients receiving tumor resection and those not. Radical resection and palliative resection group are also statistically different in survival rates (P < 0. 05). Cox multivariate analysis shows that operation pattern, histological differentiation are two independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Surgery is the main method to treat hilar cholangiocarcinoma and radical resection could achieve the best effect. Reasonable perioperative treatment could reduce the complications and mortality.

Objective To study parameters influencing the prognosis of patients with gallbladder carcinoma.Methods A retrospective clinical analysis was conducted in 96 cases of gallbladder carcinoma treated in this hospital between 1993 and 2003.Results The overall 5-year survival rate of the patients was 6.32%.The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates following radical resection for gallbladder carcinoma were 78.36%, 48.54%, and 23.87%, respectively.The survival rate was remarkably higher in the radical resection group than in others.Multivariate analysis revealed that depth of infiltration of the tumor and surgical procedure were markedly associated with prognosis.Conclusion Early diagnosis and radical resection are still the mainstay for long-term survival of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma.Appropriate perioperative care can improve survival rate.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 204 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 1996 to May 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Seventeen factors that may have influenced prognosis were analyzed by univariate analysis. Factors that were statistically significant were further analyzed by the Cox regression model. Results The median survival times of patients who received radical resection, palliative resec-tion, bile duct exploration and catheter drainage, exploratory laparotomy, and liver transplantation were 37, 18, 11,5 and 25 months, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the 5 groups (χ2 = 58. 300, P < 0. 05). The prognostic factors included tumor size, portal vein or hepatic artery invasion, local invasion, resection margin, tumor grading, lymph node metastasis and surgical procedure (χ2 =6. 541, 8. 159, 5. 837, 4. 365, 13.748, 5.346, 9.472, P <0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that surgical procedure and tumor grading were independent prognostic factors (6=0.287, 0. 320, P <0.05). Conclusions Radical resection is the most important prognostic factor of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate perioperative care can improve the survival rate.

A method for simultaneous determination of 20 Perfluorinated alkyl substances ( PFAS) in animal liver using QuEChERs and HPLC_MS/MS technique was developed. The samples were extracted with 0. 1%hydrochloric acetonitrile and cleaned up with C18 , N_Propylethylendiamine ( PSA ) and graphitized carbon blacks ( GCB ) . The analytes were separated by a reversed phase C18 column and gradiently eluted with a mixed solution of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate. The samples were quantified using isotope internal standard and external standard with the matrix matched standard calibration curve method. Good linearity was obtained for all the 20 PFAS at the concentration of 0. 1-10 μg/L with the linear correlation coefficients more than 0. 9995. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification ( LOQ) for PFAS were 0. 05-0. 2 μg/kg and 0. 4-0. 5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries at three different concentration levels ( 0 . 5 , 2 and 5 μg/kg ) were in the range of 70 . 3% -108 . 1%. The repeatability expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) was ranged from 2. 1% to 11. 9% (n=6).

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans-retinoid(ATRA) on the migration of endothelial cells and the expression of gelatinases. Methods In vitro migration assay was used to determine the effect of ATRA on the endothelial cell migration induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe the effect of ATRA on the gelatinase expression at mRNA and protein levels respectively, while the proteolytic activities of gelatinases were assessed by zymography. Results The endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA was significantly inhibited when incubated with 0.1 ?mol/L, 1.0 ?mol/L and 10.0 ?mol/L ATRA. Compared with the control, the inhibition rates were (44.68 ? 7.79)%, (65.20 ? 4.59)% and (78.37 ? 2.58)%, respectively. ATRA also reduced the expression and activities of gelationases in a dose dependant manner. At 10 ?mol/L concentration, the inhibition rate of mRNA expression, protein expression and protein activities for gelatinase A was (59.39 ? 7.98)%, (78.40 ? 3.23)% and (53.02 ? 7.23)%, respectively. For gelatinase B it was (65.23 ? 3.62)%, (82.49 ? 2.88)% and (47.32 ? 7.72)%, respectively. Conclusions The expression and activities of gelatinases are downregulated in the endothelial cells when incubated with ATRA, which may be the possible mechanism of ATRA inhibiting the endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA in vitro.

To explore the change of numerical working memory ability in healthy young adults, continuous mental arithmetic task were performed for 3 hours and a numerical working memory paradigm was determined at 5 min intervals according to different COMT genotypes of young adults. Twenty subjects of different genotypes were chosen from 115 healthy young adults, P3 event-related potentials was utilized to observe the relationship between this COMT polymorphism and cortical physiology in a continuous working memory task. The results demonstrate that subjects bearing the Val/Val homozygote have significantly higher mean P3 amplitudes than Val/Met heterozygote (P<0.01), however, insignificant differences in comparison to Met/Met homozygote. Mean P3 amplitudes tended to sharply increase among different genotype subjects are observe in different Blocks. We suggest that numerical working memory ability was associated with P3 amplitude evoked from centro-parietal area of brain, which indicate the degree of influence of task on different subjects.
Brain ; physiology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; physiology ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Memory ; physiology ; Parietal Lobe ; physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult