Objective To establish and evaluate a new mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)-primary ACD mouse model.Methods To establish classical ACD mouse model,mice were sensitized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)on day 1 and elicited with DNFB on day 6,and primary ACD mouse model was built by painting Of 10 μL 0.2%DNFB once on the ear.Mice were kilied 24 hours after the elicitation in classical model group and 6 days after the sensitization in primary model group;skin specimens were obtained from the right ear of these mice.Ear swelling after painting was used as clinical index.ELISA and real time RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-4 in these specimens.Local lymph node assay was carried out and flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes.Results Ear swelling respouse was observed 6 days after ear challenge with DNFB in primary ACD,which was the same as the time interval from back elicitation to occurrence of ear inflammation in classical ACD.Kinetics of the inflammatory response to DNFB during primary ACD Wag similar to that during classical ACD.In both models,the ear tissues were mainly infiltrated by mononuclear cells;a significant increase was observed in the tissue levels of IL-2 and INF-γ as well as in the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes;while there were no significant changes in the level of IL-4,compared with the normal control mice.Conclusions Similar to classical ACD,Thl type cell-mediated immune responses were reproduccd in primary ACD mousc model,and each model can take the place of the other in comparative research.

Objective To investigate cadmium induced adaptive responses (AR) to either toxicant challenge or irradiation and also the role of PI3K family in the AR. Methods Cells were pre-treated with 0.1 or 1 μmol/L cadmium and then challenged by 50, 100 μmol/L cadmium or 1, 2 Gy γ-rays irradiation. Micronucleus induction was measured to evaluate the magnitude of AR. In some experiments, cells were treated with wortmannin during and after pretreatment. Results Cadmium of sub-lethal concentration could induce AR in all the cells toward 50 μmol/L cadmium or 1 Gy irradiation. When challenged by 50 μmol/L CdCl1, EM-C11 cells had an AR less apparent than the other two cell lines. Moreover, treatment of cells with wortmannin eliminated the AR in all three cell lines. Conclusions The magnitudes of AR in adapted cells may be related to multiple factors, such as DNA repair capacity, the priming and challenging dose of cadmium or irradiation. SSB rather than DSB repair is mainly involved in the cadmium induced AR and this cellular response may be mediated through ATM pathway.

Objective To measure the difference of radiosensitivity between small and large intestines toward high dose of radiation and investigate the role of stem cells in this difference.Methods C57BL/6 male mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided as control group and radiation group received 19 Gy whole body γ-ray irridiation.Large and small intestines of the mice were collected 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after radiation.The proliferation and apoptosis of the large and small intestines and their stem cells were then detected by immunochemistry,and the change of stem cell number in the large and small intestines were detected by in-situ hybridization.Results HE staining showed that 19 Gy γ-ray irradiation caused more severe injury in the small intestine,and all the crypt in the small intestine were extinct at 48 h post-radiation.However,the proliferation index of crypt in the large intestine was as high as 0.23 (t =4.67,P ＜0.05).Compared with the small intestine,the apoptotic index of epithelial cells in the crypt of large intestine was much lower at 12 and 24 h after irradiation (t =-1.92,-2.42,P＜0.05).The apoptotic population of stem cells in the small intestine at 12 and 24 h post irradiation were significantly lower than that in the large intestine (t =-1.98,-2.33,P ＜ 0.05),and the number of stem cell in the large intestine was significantly higher than that in the small intestine 24,48 h after radiation (t =1.98,3.31,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The radiosensitivity of small intestine toward high dose of irradiation is significantly higher than that of the large intestine,where the difference in radiosensitivity of stem cells between large intestine and small intestine may be involved.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion.Changes in the strength balance between medial vastus muscle(VM)and musculus vastus lateralis(VL)in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion,even have an impact on the tendon insertion.OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze knee mechanical charactedstics and surface electromyography of the quaddceps in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of patellar tendinopathy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Self-control experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of Physical Education College of Soochow University from June to July 2009.METHODS:A total of 10 athletes with patellar tendinopathy aged(21.44±1.51)yeam were selected as patellar tendinopathy group and 10 normal athletes aged(21.37±1.36)years were selected as normal control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Knee flexor and extensor muscles peak torque in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise between two groups.②Comparison of quadnceps integrated electromyogram(IEMG)between two groups.③Comparison of VM/VL in different kinds of exercises between groups.RESULTS:The ratio of flexor and extensor peak torques of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly greater than the normal group in concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercises(P＜0.05 or 0.01).VM IEMG of the patellar tendinopathy was significantly less than normal group(P＜0.05 or 0.01),but no difference was found in VL and rectus femoris IEMG between two groups.During the period of isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise,the ratios of VM/VL of the patellar tendinopathy group were remarkably lower than the normal group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION:There are significant differences between flexor and extensor torques in patellar tendinopathy athletes.VM is under-activity and there is an imbalance between VM and VL.

Ninety normal subjects were determined by the respofnse of the skin to sunlight, and were classified as sun--reactive skin types of Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ,most of them were type Ⅳ (80. 11 % ),to the next were types Ⅴ and Ⅲ. The minimal erythema dose (MED) to UVB and UVA,and the immediate pigment darkening reaction(IPD) to UVA radiation were measured for each type. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the MED UVB and MED- UVA (r= 0. 47d, P＜O. 001 ). The mean IPDUVA was significantly lower than the mean MED--UVA. Both mean MED--UVB and MED--UVA were significantly higher among the subjects in this study in comparison with the English people with skin types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The validity of sun--reactive skin type in the study on photosensitive skin diseases and phototherapy is discussed.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, periph-eral vascular disease and atherosclerosis, are the first cause of death worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves a number of cellular processes and molecular mecha-nisms, such as disorder of lipid metabolism, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, vascular en-dothelial cells injury and activation of smooth muscle cells. Their interaction eventually leads to plaque rupture and thrombus formation, causing serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Chinese medicine has displayed rich anti-AS activities and clinical applications. This review summarizes the anti-atherosclerosis effects and possible mechanisms of Chinese medicine in regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation and antioxidation, protecting endothelial cells, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, improving coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and stabilizing the plaque.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.014

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term low-dose radiation (LDR) of γ-rays on the proliferation and radiosensitivity of human lymphoblast cells HMy2.CIR (HMy) and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Methods HMy cells were divided into control group and long-term LDR group.For the long-term LDR treatment,HMy cells were fractionally exposed to a low dose of γ-rays,which could enhance cell proliferation,3 times per week for 4 weeks.After the long-term LDR exposure,part of the control and long-term LDR exposed cells were further irradiated with a challenging dose (2 Gy) of γ-rays.Then cell proliferation and radiosensitivity were assayed by CCK-8 kit,cell apoptosis,and γ-H2AX formation was measured by flow cytometry.Gene expressions of cyclinD1,PCNA,bcl-2 and bax were detected by RT-PCR.Results The long-term LDR significantly increased cell proliferation (t =9.607,P ＜ 0.01) accompanied with up-regulation of cell cycle regulation gene cyclinD1 (t =6.869,P ＜ 0.01),proliferation regulation gene PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) (t =9.229,P ＜ 0.01) and bcl-2 gene (t =2.662,P ＜ 0.05),but decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic gene bax (t =19.908,P ＜0.01) in HMy cells.Compared to untreated cells,the long-term LDR decreased cell radiosensitivity (t =8.896,P ＜ 0.01),including apoptosis induction (t =4.762,P ＜ 0.01) and γ-H2AX formation (t =10.264,P＜0.01).Conclusions The long-term LDR promoted cell proliferation by up-regulating cell cycle related genes,while it reduced the radiosensitivity of HMy cells with acquisition of apoptotic resistance.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway on the process of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitating cell proliferation and invasion in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO were cultured to exponential phase,then assigned to control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group,respectively.Cells were treated with different concentration of FSH and LY294002,respectively.The effects of FSH on cell proliferation were observed by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscope.The ability of cell invasion was investigated by transwell invasion assay.The expression of FSH receptor (FSHR),Akt1/2,phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and NF-κB p65 protein were detected by western blot.Results( 1 ) FSH could promote the proliferation of SKOV3 and 3AO cells.When the cells were treated with 40 U/L FSH for 48 hours (SKOV3) and 24 hours (3AO),compared with those in control groups,they reached the highest proliferation rate (P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.(2) The morphology of SKOV3 and 3AO cells in four groups:in control group,SKOV3 cells were short spindle and 3AO cells were long spindle,the nuclei of them were both roundness or oval,the cytoplasm were bright.In FSH group,the cells changed to slightly longer or polygonal,they were full in shape,meanwhile,the cell intensity were higher than control group.In LY294002 group,some cells changed from spindle to round,and began to shrink.The cell intensity diminished.The morphology of FSH + LY294002 group was similar with control group,but the cell intensity was lower than that in FSH group.(3)The number of SKOV3 cell that passed through the membrane in control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group was (26 ± 6),( 118 ± 19),( 18 ± 5) and ( 38 ± 7 ),respectively.The number of 3AO cell was ( 19 ± 4 ),( 134 ± 20),(12 ±3) and (58 ± 11 ),respectively.The results showed that the number of cells in FSH group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),while the number of cell in FSH + LY294002 group was significantly fewer than that in FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) There was no significant difference in the expression of FSHR and Akt1/2 between FSH group and control group (P ＞ 0.05 ),but FSH increased the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm in SKOV3 and 3AO cells,there were significant differences compared with control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).LY294002 reversed the effects of FSH on increasing the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm,there were significant differences among LY294002 group,FSH + LY294002 group and FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe effects of FSH on proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO may be realized by regulating the activity of NF-κB in PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

Although the Shanghai's basic health insurance always takes the leading position nationwide in the aspects of coverage, funding level, security level, etc, it still cannot avoid the contradictory problems brought by the rapidly rising demand for health care, poor results of funds management, etc. Commercial health insurance has its u-nique advantages in terms of funds and personnel management. Therefore, they can play their complementary role to the basic medical insurance in order to improve the basic health insurance system. Based on the perspective of com-mercial health insurances, this paper explores the basic health insurance system in Shanghai from the aspects of man-agement patterns, governing body, insurance objects, funding modalities and insurance programs.