Ninety normal subjects were determined by the respofnse of the skin to sunlight, and were classified as sun--reactive skin types of Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ,most of them were type Ⅳ (80. 11 % ),to the next were types Ⅴ and Ⅲ. The minimal erythema dose (MED) to UVB and UVA,and the immediate pigment darkening reaction(IPD) to UVA radiation were measured for each type. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the MED UVB and MED- UVA (r= 0. 47d, P＜O. 001 ). The mean IPDUVA was significantly lower than the mean MED--UVA. Both mean MED--UVB and MED--UVA were significantly higher among the subjects in this study in comparison with the English people with skin types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The validity of sun--reactive skin type in the study on photosensitive skin diseases and phototherapy is discussed.

Objective:To study the anatomic and clinical experience in distally based neuroadipofascial turnover flap incorporating superficial peroneal nerve.Methods:Thirty six (32 preserved and 4 fresh) cadaver lower limbs were used to investigate the blood supply of superficial peroneal nerve and the relationship with the vascularization of its vicinity integument.Distally based neuroadipofascial flap incorporating the nutrifying vessels of superficial peroneal nerve was designed for dorsal foot reconstruction.Results:The proximal part of superficial peroneal nerve was supplied by an accompanying superficial peroneal artery.In the one third part of the lower leg,this artery became an interlacing paraneural vascular plexus and was reinforced by branches from the distal perforators of anterior tibial artery,the supramalleolar perforator of peroneal artery,and the recurrent branches of dorsal pedal artery.Two chain linked longitudinal vascular plexuses (fascial and paraneural) were confirmed in the anterior lower leg integument.In practice,distally based superficial peroneal neuroadipofascial turnover flaps were successfully transferred in 5 cases.The flap measured (10 14) cm?(4 5) cm in size.The pedicle was (3 4) cm in width.The pivot point was located (2 3) cm above the line between medial and lateral malleolus.Conclusion:Distally based superficial peroneal neuroadipofascial turnover flap is a simple and safe procedure with minimal morbidity of the donor site.

Objective To explore the relationships between the expression of PECAM-1 and the degree of ALI in Paraquat induced lung injury model of rabbits. Method Thirty six adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: 8 mg/kg (Group A), 16 mg/kg (Group B) and 32 mg/kg ( Group C) according to the dose of Paraquat which were infusion into stomach. After poisoned, the animals were monitored for seven days, and then sacrificed. The upper lobe of lung were removed for HE,Masson staining and immunohistochemisty. The ALl score, fibrosis of lung and expression of PECAM-1 were semiquantitative analyzed. Results Each group has 12 animals suffered from poisoning. The survival time of animals in Group C was (6. 47 ± 0. 99 ) days, shorter than (6. 09 + 1.04) days ( P = 0. 031 ) in Group B and (4. 77 + 2. 04) days ( P = 0. 0 07) in Group A. The ALI score were ( 8. 33 ± 1.03) points in Group A, superior to (9. 83 ± 1.17) points ( P = 0. 047 ) in Group B and ( 11.50 + 1.38) points ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) in group C, Group B vs Group C, P=-0.03o The fibrosis degree of lung was (31.09 +2.05)% in Group A,not severe as (34. 37 ±1.62)% (P=0. 002) in Group B and (36. 54 ±0. 44)% (P ＜0. 01 ) in Group C, Group B vs Group C, P = 0. 026. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the expression of PECAM-1 was negative correlated to ALI score (Coe = -0. 732, P =0. 001 ) and fibrosis degree of lung (Coe = -0. 779, P ＜ 0. 001 ) . Conclusions The expressions of PECAM-1 were significantly decreased in New Zealand after Paraquat poisoned, which were dose dependent, correlated to ALI scored and fibrosis degree of lung, so it may play an important role in the development of lung injured induced by Paraquat.

Objective To investigate the p53 gene mutations in Chinese patients with epithelial skin cancers. Methods Biopsies of 22 squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and 18 basal cell carcinoma(BCC)were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) and DNA sequencing for alterations in the exons 5～8 of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Results p53 gene mutations were found in 32.5%(13/40)of tumor tissues and 92.3%(12/13) of the mutations occurred at sun exposed areas. 36.4%(8/22)of SCC tissues and 27.8%(5/18) of BCC tissues presented p53 gene mutations. Of the 13 mutations within the exons examined, 76.9%(10/13) were missense mutations and 23.1%(3/13) were nonsense mutations. Twelve of the 13 mutations were of single nucleotide substitutions. Six of the 13 mutations involved dipyrimidine sites, where a C was replaced by a T or CC was replaced by TT(five C→T transitions and one CC→TT transition). Conclusion Ultraviolet(UV) radiation might be related to the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Mutations of p53 gene caused by solar UV might play a significant role in UV tumorigenesis, although other carcinogens might also be involved.

Objective To establish a method of murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) combined with measurement of ear swelling for the identification of photosensitive agents. Methods The female BALB/c mice received test chemicals or vehicle alone on the back skin of both ears and then were exposed to UVA irradiation on three consecutive days. The post-auricular lymph nodes draining the ear tissue were excised 24 h following the last irradiation. Lymph node cell counts and lymphocyte proliferative rates were determined, which indicated lymph node hyperplasia. While ear swelling was also measured, to reveal skin irritating reactions. Some cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2 and IL-4) released by the draining lymph node were also analyzed by ELISA. Results Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, a strong photoallergen, caused lymph node hyperplasia without ear swelling. The mild photoallergen (6-methylcoumarin) showed neither lymph node proliferation nor ear swelling reactions. But 8-methoxypsoralen, a phototoxic substance, induced both lymph node hyperplasia and ear swelling. The level of IL-4 was significantly increased when the mice were previously sensitized with tetrachlorosalicylanilide (P

Objective To investigate the expression of Th1/Th2 cytoki nes in early symptomatic syphilitic lesions and its relationship with the sero-c onversion of RPR test in patients with syphilis. Methods The expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in lesions from 30 patients with early symptomatic syphilis was i mmunohistochemically detected with ABC method. The serum titers of RPR test in t hese patients were measured in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after routine benzathine penicillin treatment. Results Among 10 cases of primary syphilis, the express ion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the lesions was found in 9 cases, while onl y Th1 cytokine expression was observed in the remainder case; and the sero-conve rsion of RPR test occurred in all 10 cases during the follow-up period. Among 20 cases of secondary syphilis, Th1/Th2 cytokines expressed in the lesions in 16 c ases, and only Th2 cytokines expressed in 4 cases; and the sero-conversion of RP R test was found in 12 cases during the follow-up period. The expression of Th1 cytokines in early syphilitic lesions was positively correlated with the sero-co nversion of RPR test. The higher the expression of IFN- the more likely the s ero-conversion of RPR test. Conclusion The early activation and persistence of the expression of Th1 cytokines may play an important role in the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To investigate the effects of photochemotherapy on the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells and expression of integrin. Methods In vitro angiogenesis assay ( UVA exposure dose: 0, 2.0, 5.0 J/cm~2) was used to detect the effects of photochemotherapy on the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. Reverse polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were employed to determine the effects of photochemotherapy on the expression of integrin mRNA and protein, respectively. bFGF stimulation group and PMA stimulation group were divided according to the inductors, and subgroups were divided according to the UVA exposure doses of 0, 2. 0 and 5. 0 J/cm~2 in each group. Results Combination of UVA (2.0 and 5.0 J/cm~2) and 8-MOP (100 ng/mL) resulted in a decrease in the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells in vitro and the expression of integrin mRNA and protein. Conclusion Photochemotherapy may inhibit the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells through downregulating the expression of integrin.

Objective To investigate the clinic effect of Linezolid for community acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRS A) pneumonia. Methods The clinic data of the patient- were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, in addition, the body temperature and white blood cell counts were obtained as the index of treatment. Results It was proved that Linezolid was effective in treating community acquired MRSA pneumonia and showed well tolerance with few adverse events. Conclusion Linezolid demonstrated good clinical and antibacterial activity but very few adverse reactions in elderly patients with community acquired MRSA pneumonia.

Objective To explore whether the peritoneal cooling was better than other cooling methods on protection neuron damage of the hippocampus CA1 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in New Zealand rabbits.Methods Forty eight adult New Zealand rabbits were induced ventricular fibrillation by AC current and were resuscitated after cardiac arrest for 5 minutes.The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups according to the way of cooling methods,nomothermia group ( NT),peritoneal cooling group (PC),surface cooling group (SC) and local cooling group (LC).The changes of tympanic membrane temperature were recorded in each animal and blood plasma concentrations of electrolyte were tested in each group at different time points after restore of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).Brain tissue were removed,the numbers of vigorous and apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus CA1 area were counted after ROSC at 72h.One-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney rank was used to determine the statistical significance between two groups.LSD-t test for multiple comparisons,R × C test for ROSC comparisons,a two-tailed value of P ＜0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Hypothermia was rapidly induced in PC after ROSC,and the time of arriving at target temperature was (26 ±7) min in PC,(60 ±9) min in SC,(69 ± 12) min in LC respectively; in the maintain hypothermia period,the tympanic membrane temperature was maintained at 33～ 35 ℃ in each group exception nomothermia group (NT).There were no differences with main electrolyte,acid-abase liquid balance and renal function between each group at each time point after ROSC.The numbers of vigorous neurons in hippocampus CA1 area were ( 37.07 ± 6.43 ) /40 × in NT group,(35.13 ± 6.97) /40 × in LC group,(55.76 ± 10.13 ) /40 × in PC group,and (50.70 ± 7.38 ) /40 × in SC group (PC:NT,P＜0.01,SC:NT,P＜0.01,PC:SC,P=0.043,PC:LC,P＜0.01,LC:NT,P=0.52).The numbers of apoptotic neurons were (44.07 ±6.09) /40 × in NT group,(29.88 ±4.81 ) /40× in PC group,( 33.55 ± 5.67 ) /40 × in SC group and ( 42.27 ± 5.20 ) /40 × in LC group respectively (PC:NT,P ＜0.01,SC:NT,P ＜0.01,PC:LC,P ＜0.01,SC:LC,P ＜0.01,PC:SC,P=0.026,LC:NT,P =0.364 ).Conclusions The new peritoneal cooling method could rapidly induce and maintain hypothermia,and it had better protections on neurons in hippocampus CA1 than surface cooling and local cooling method after ROSC in New Zealand rabbits.

Objective To explore the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the acute lung injury and the activation of Nrf2 pathway after Paraquat (PQ) induced lung injury.Methods Fortyeight adult male SD rats with lung injury induced by PQ were randomly (random number) divided into control group and PDTC group.Three animals were sacrificed at every 1-week interval,7d,14d and 21 days after PQ intoxication,and the lungs of rats were removed for acute lung injury score after HE staining,and for lung fibrosis assessment after Masson staining,and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue homogenate were assayed and the phosphorylation of Nrf2 (nuclear-E2-related factor 2) was detected by Weston blot.The mean values of detected variables between two groups were compared by t test,and survival curve was tested by Wilcoxon (Gehan) test.Results The intoxication symptoms of rats were obvious,and 4 rats in control group and 9 rats in PDTC group survived until 21days.The survival time of animals in PDTC group was longer than that in control group (Wilcoxon (Gehan) =10.17023,P =0.001).The levels of MDA in control group were higher than those in PDTC group,while the levels of GSH in control group were lower than those in PDTC group.The levels of phosphorylation of Nrf2 in PDTC group were higher than those in control group at 1-week intervals,1-week:(0.32±0.04) vs.(0.23±0.05),P=0.003; 2-week:(0.62±0.06) vs.(0.33±0.03),P＜0.001; 3-week:(0.61 ±0.04) vs.(0.33±0.05),P＜0.001.The acute lung injury (ALI) scores in PDTC group were lower than those in control group,1-week:(5 ± 0.95) vs.(8 ± 1.23),P =0.002 ; 2-week:(9±1.18) vs.(11±1.02),P=0.019; 3-week:(11±1.33) vs.(12±1.42),P=0.002.The percentages of lung fibrosis at 1-week intervals after PQ intoxication were (40.87 ± 7.25) ％,(43.38 ±5.71)％ and (45.91 ± 3.97)％ in control group,and they were higher than those in PDTC group (32.92±2.34)％,(33.45 ±3.04)％ and (35.27 ±3.81)％ in PDTC group,P=0.017,0.001 and 0.001 respectively.Conclusions Attenuation of acute lung injury and lung fibrosis,and prolongation of survival time of SD rats by PDTC were associated with activation of Nrf2 pathway.