In recent years,Department of Pharmaceutical at Hunan Normal University,taking advantage of the resources of comprehensive university and taking the new model of credit as the turning point,has carried out profitable exploration and practice in the reform of undergraduate teaching and has put forward some ideas to deepen pharmaceutical teaching reforms.

Questionnaire was made to investigate teaching effect and further improve teaching quality of medical genetics experiment.The results showed that the refined experimental contents and reasonable teaching methods were vital to the teaching effect.Furthermore,the ability of independent thinking and operating skills should be considerably emphasized.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a pedigree affected with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease through high-throughput sequencing. METHODS: Potential variants of the genes associated with CMT were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the members of the pedigree. RESULTS: NGS has revealed that the two affected sisters both harbored homozygous c.1A>G variant of the GDAP1 gene, which caused replacement of the first amino acid Methionine by Valine (p.Met1Val). Their parents were both carriers of the heterozygous c.1A>G variant. The variant was unreported previously and has an extremely low frequency in the population. Meanwhile, one of the sisters and the mother also carried heterozygous c.710A>T variant of the BAG3 gene. CONCLUSION The homozygous c.1A>G variant of the GDAP1 gene probably underlay the CMT in both children. Above result has enabled clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for this pedigree.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics* ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics* ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics* ; Child ; Female ; Fibula/abnormalities* ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Pedigree

Objective To investigate procalcitonin (PCT) and C reactive protein (CRP) expression in patients with puerperal infection after cesarean section and its clinical significance.Methods From January 2014 to January 2016,134 cases of cesarean section puerperal infection patients in our hospital were enrolled in observation group,according to 1∶3 matching,we selected 402 cases of cesarean section without puerperal infection as the control group.Then the levels of PCT and CRP in two groups were detected.Results CRP and PCT levels of 24 h,48 h and 72 h of the patients in the observation group were (13.16 ± 1.06)mg/L and (1.05 ±0.42)g/L,(15.15 ± 1.50)mg/L and (1.67 ±0.31)g/L,(16.01 ± 2.32) mg/L and (2.10 ± 0.92) g/L respectively,significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);72 h CRP and PCT levels of pelvic cavity peritonitis patients were (17.13 ± 1.46)mg/L and (2.81 ± 0.97) g/L respectively,significantly higher than that in patients with vulvovaginal and cervicitis,endometritis and fallopian tube (P ＜ 0.05);72 h CRP and PCT in patients with endometritis and fallopian tube inflammation were (15.89 ± 1.06) mg/L and (2.06 ± 0.83) g/L,significantly higher than that of vaginal and Cervicitis Patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CRP and PCT increase rapidly in patients with puerperal infection after cesarean section,and there are a certain relationship with puerperal infection disease and they are of certain clinical application value.

As the pathogenic bacterial virulence and avirulence factors, transcription activator like (TAL) effectors of Xanthomonas can resulted in the host diseases or resistance responses. TAL effectors can specifically bind the target DNA of host plant with a novel protein-DNA binding pattern in which two amino acids recognize one nucleotide. The complexities of TAL-DNA binding have the feasibility in use of gene therapy through homologous recombination and site-specific mutation. By using the molecular recognition code between TAL-effectors and host target genes, we can exploit both the susceptible and resistance genes; broad spectrum resistance induced by multiple TAL effectors could also be manipulated. Deeper insight in the area of protein-DNA binding mechanism will benefit the application in the biomedical engineering and agricultural engineering. This article reviews the findings and functions of TAL effectors, the binding specificity and recognition code between TAL-effectors and host target genes. The possible applications and future prospects of the molecular recognition code have been discussed.
Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Code ; genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Transcriptional Activation ; Virulence Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xanthomonas ; genetics ; pathogenicity

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for intestinal disorders. Methods A retrospectively descriptive cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 2010 patients who underwent FMT and received follow?up for more than 3 months from May 2014 to November 2018 were collected, including 1,206 cases from Tongji University Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital and 804 cases from Nanjing Eastern Military General Hospital. Of the 2,010 patients, 797 were male and 1,213 were female, with a mean age of (49.4±16.5) years old. Inclusion criteria were those with indications for FMT and voluntary treatment of FMT. Pregnant or lactating women, patients with end?stage disease, cases who were participating or participated in other clinical trials within 3 months, and patients with previous bowel history of pathogen infection, oral antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for the recent2 weeks, and those at immunosuppressive state were excluded. Informed consent was obtained from the enrolled patients and their families. There were 1, 356 cases of constipation, 175 cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 148 cases of chronic diarrhea, 127 cases of radiation enteritis, 119 cases of irritable bowel syndrome, and 85 cases of autism (complicating with intestinal disorders). FMT donor requirements: (1) 18 to 30 years old non?relatives, non?pregnant healthy adults with healthy lifestyle and good eating habits as volunteers to participate in fecal donation; (2) no administration of antibiotics within 3 months; (3) no chronic diseases such as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, etc., no autoimmune disease, not in immunosuppressive state, no history of malignant disease; (4) negative pathogen examination of infectious diseases (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis, HIV, etc.); (5) negative fecal examination (C. difficile, dysentery bacillus, Shigella, Campylobacter, parasites, etc.). The donor requirements after enrollment: (1) physical examination was reviewed once every two months, and the result still met the above requirements; (2) 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for every fecal donation in order to ensure that the composition and diversity of the fecal flora was stable and reliable. The preparation of the stool suspension referred to the Amsterdam criteria and the preparation process was less than 1 hour. The preparation of the FMT capsule was processed by pre?freezing the stool suspension after the preparation of the above suspension, and the frozen sample was transferred into a freeze dryer for freezing. The dried and lyophilized powder was encapsulated in capsules, and the capsule shell was made of acid?resistant hypromellose capsule (No.0) and pediatric?specific capsule (No.3), sealed and packaged in a-20℃refrigerator. Three ways of accepting FMT treatment pathways included 6?day transplantation after the placement of the nasointestinal tube, 6?day oral FMT capsule transplantation and one?time transplantation through colonoscopy. Intestinal preparation (nasointestinal tube feeding of polyethylene glycol until watery stool) was carried out before transplantation. Other treatments were stopped during treatment and follow?up, and any medication was not recommended when necessary. Results Of the 2010 patients, 1, 497 cases received nasointestinal tube transplantation (nasointestinal tube group), 452 cases oral capsule transplantation (oral capsule group) and 61 cases colonoscopy (colonoscopy group). At 3 time points of 3, 12, and 36 months after FMT, the clinical cure rates and the clinical improvement rates were 41.3% (560/1 356), 35.2% (320/909), 31.4% (69/220), and 29.0% (393/1 356), 27.8% (253/909), 29.1% (64/220), respectively in constipation patients; 33.1% (58/175), 29.9% (35/117), 24.5% (12/49), and 31.4% (55/175), 27.4% (32/117), 57.1% (28/49), respectively in inflammatory bowel disease patients;87.8% (130/148), 81.8% (81/99), 78.3% (36/46), and 8.1% (12/148), 7.1% (7/99), 4.3% (2/46), respectively in chronic diarrhea patients; 61.4% (78/127), 56.5% (48/85), 47.6% (20/42), and 21.2% (27/127), 15.3% (13/85), 14.3% (6/42), respectively in radiation enteritis patients; 53.8% (64/119), 45.0% (36/80), 6/15, and 21.0% (25/119), 26.2% (21/80), 4/15, respectively in irritable bowel syndrome patients;23.5% (20/85), 22.8% (13/57), 20.0%(5/25), and 55.3% (47/85), 49.1% (28/57), 40.0% (10/25), respectively in autism patients. Meanwhile the clinical cure rates and the clinical improvement rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 47.7% (714/1 497), 42.8% (425/994), 39.1% (128/327), and 29.1% (436/1 497), 27.0% (268/994), 28.1% (92/327), respectively in the nasointestinal tube group; 38.7% (175/452), 30.2% (91/301), 33.3% (16/48), and 24.3% (110/452), 26.2% (79/301), 25.0% (12/48), respectively in the oral capsule group; 34.4% (21/61), 32.7% (17/52), 18.2% (4/22), and 21.3% (13/61), 13.5% (7/52), 45.5% (10/22), respectively in colonoscopy group. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment and follow?up period. The adverse event of nasointestinal tube group presented higher ratio of discomfort in respiratorytract accounting for 13.1% (196/1497); the oral capsule group had a higher proportion of nausea and vomiting when swallowing capsules accounting for 7.1% (32/452); the colonoscopy group was mainly diarrhea, accounting for 37.7% (23/61). The above symptoms disappeared after the nasointestinal tube was removed, or after treatment ended, or within 1 to 3 days after hospitalization. Conclusion FMT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intestinal dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different fecal bacterial preservation time on the efficacy and complications of FMT.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 483 patients with slow transit constipation undergoing voluntary FMT at Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center from August 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the storage time of fecal bacterial samples used in FMT treatment, the cases were divided into fresh bacterial solution ( n=29), bacterial solution stored at -80℃ for 1 week ( n=187), 1 month ( n=121), 3 months ( n=89), 6 months ( n=38), and 12 months (n=19). The total number of complete bowel movement, Wexner constipation score, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), FMT satisfaction score and related adverse reactions were summarized and compared among groups 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data of patients among different bacterial solution storage time (all P>0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the overall frequency of defecation of all the patients was (3.83 ± 1.22) times/week, Wexner constipation score was (6.74 ± 3.56) points, GIQLI score was (108.76 ± 15.38) points, clinical cure rate was 57.8% (279/483). The improvement rate was 66.3% (320/483), and the treatment satisfaction was (3.85 ± 0.93) points. No severe FMT-associated complication and death were observed during treatment and follow-up period. FMT-related adverse events occurred in 115 cases (23.8%), including nausea in 25 cases (5.2%), vomiting in 13 (2.7%), diarrhea in 21 (4.3%), abdominal pain in 16 (3.3%), abdominal distension in 33 (6.8%), sore throat in 56 (11.6%) and fever in 16(3.3%), all of which relieved after symptomatic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of defecations, Wexner constipation scores, and GIQLI scores before FMT, 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment among different bacterial solution storage groups (all P>0.05). Differences of clinical cure rate, clinical improvement rate, and treatment satisfaction of patients 1 week and 1 month after treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the groups, differences in the overall complications and types of complications after FMT treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions:FMT is safe and effective in the treatment of slow transit constipation. Fresh fecal bacterial samples or fecal bacterial samples frozen at -80℃ for 1 year can be safely applied to FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation, with stable short-term efficacy and without serious adverse reactions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for intestinal disorders. Methods A retrospectively descriptive cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 2010 patients who underwent FMT and received follow?up for more than 3 months from May 2014 to November 2018 were collected, including 1,206 cases from Tongji University Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital and 804 cases from Nanjing Eastern Military General Hospital. Of the 2,010 patients, 797 were male and 1,213 were female, with a mean age of (49.4±16.5) years old. Inclusion criteria were those with indications for FMT and voluntary treatment of FMT. Pregnant or lactating women, patients with end?stage disease, cases who were participating or participated in other clinical trials within 3 months, and patients with previous bowel history of pathogen infection, oral antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for the recent2 weeks, and those at immunosuppressive state were excluded. Informed consent was obtained from the enrolled patients and their families. There were 1, 356 cases of constipation, 175 cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 148 cases of chronic diarrhea, 127 cases of radiation enteritis, 119 cases of irritable bowel syndrome, and 85 cases of autism (complicating with intestinal disorders). FMT donor requirements: (1) 18 to 30 years old non?relatives, non?pregnant healthy adults with healthy lifestyle and good eating habits as volunteers to participate in fecal donation; (2) no administration of antibiotics within 3 months; (3) no chronic diseases such as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, etc., no autoimmune disease, not in immunosuppressive state, no history of malignant disease; (4) negative pathogen examination of infectious diseases (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis, HIV, etc.); (5) negative fecal examination (C. difficile, dysentery bacillus, Shigella, Campylobacter, parasites, etc.). The donor requirements after enrollment: (1) physical examination was reviewed once every two months, and the result still met the above requirements; (2) 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for every fecal donation in order to ensure that the composition and diversity of the fecal flora was stable and reliable. The preparation of the stool suspension referred to the Amsterdam criteria and the preparation process was less than 1 hour. The preparation of the FMT capsule was processed by pre?freezing the stool suspension after the preparation of the above suspension, and the frozen sample was transferred into a freeze dryer for freezing. The dried and lyophilized powder was encapsulated in capsules, and the capsule shell was made of acid?resistant hypromellose capsule (No.0) and pediatric?specific capsule (No.3), sealed and packaged in a-20℃refrigerator. Three ways of accepting FMT treatment pathways included 6?day transplantation after the placement of the nasointestinal tube, 6?day oral FMT capsule transplantation and one?time transplantation through colonoscopy. Intestinal preparation (nasointestinal tube feeding of polyethylene glycol until watery stool) was carried out before transplantation. Other treatments were stopped during treatment and follow?up, and any medication was not recommended when necessary. Results Of the 2010 patients, 1, 497 cases received nasointestinal tube transplantation (nasointestinal tube group), 452 cases oral capsule transplantation (oral capsule group) and 61 cases colonoscopy (colonoscopy group). At 3 time points of 3, 12, and 36 months after FMT, the clinical cure rates and the clinical improvement rates were 41.3% (560/1 356), 35.2% (320/909), 31.4% (69/220), and 29.0% (393/1 356), 27.8% (253/909), 29.1% (64/220), respectively in constipation patients; 33.1% (58/175), 29.9% (35/117), 24.5% (12/49), and 31.4% (55/175), 27.4% (32/117), 57.1% (28/49), respectively in inflammatory bowel disease patients;87.8% (130/148), 81.8% (81/99), 78.3% (36/46), and 8.1% (12/148), 7.1% (7/99), 4.3% (2/46), respectively in chronic diarrhea patients; 61.4% (78/127), 56.5% (48/85), 47.6% (20/42), and 21.2% (27/127), 15.3% (13/85), 14.3% (6/42), respectively in radiation enteritis patients; 53.8% (64/119), 45.0% (36/80), 6/15, and 21.0% (25/119), 26.2% (21/80), 4/15, respectively in irritable bowel syndrome patients;23.5% (20/85), 22.8% (13/57), 20.0%(5/25), and 55.3% (47/85), 49.1% (28/57), 40.0% (10/25), respectively in autism patients. Meanwhile the clinical cure rates and the clinical improvement rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 47.7% (714/1 497), 42.8% (425/994), 39.1% (128/327), and 29.1% (436/1 497), 27.0% (268/994), 28.1% (92/327), respectively in the nasointestinal tube group; 38.7% (175/452), 30.2% (91/301), 33.3% (16/48), and 24.3% (110/452), 26.2% (79/301), 25.0% (12/48), respectively in the oral capsule group; 34.4% (21/61), 32.7% (17/52), 18.2% (4/22), and 21.3% (13/61), 13.5% (7/52), 45.5% (10/22), respectively in colonoscopy group. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment and follow?up period. The adverse event of nasointestinal tube group presented higher ratio of discomfort in respiratorytract accounting for 13.1% (196/1497); the oral capsule group had a higher proportion of nausea and vomiting when swallowing capsules accounting for 7.1% (32/452); the colonoscopy group was mainly diarrhea, accounting for 37.7% (23/61). The above symptoms disappeared after the nasointestinal tube was removed, or after treatment ended, or within 1 to 3 days after hospitalization. Conclusion FMT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intestinal dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different fecal bacterial preservation time on the efficacy and complications of FMT.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 483 patients with slow transit constipation undergoing voluntary FMT at Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center from August 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the storage time of fecal bacterial samples used in FMT treatment, the cases were divided into fresh bacterial solution ( n=29), bacterial solution stored at -80℃ for 1 week ( n=187), 1 month ( n=121), 3 months ( n=89), 6 months ( n=38), and 12 months (n=19). The total number of complete bowel movement, Wexner constipation score, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), FMT satisfaction score and related adverse reactions were summarized and compared among groups 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data of patients among different bacterial solution storage time (all P>0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the overall frequency of defecation of all the patients was (3.83 ± 1.22) times/week, Wexner constipation score was (6.74 ± 3.56) points, GIQLI score was (108.76 ± 15.38) points, clinical cure rate was 57.8% (279/483). The improvement rate was 66.3% (320/483), and the treatment satisfaction was (3.85 ± 0.93) points. No severe FMT-associated complication and death were observed during treatment and follow-up period. FMT-related adverse events occurred in 115 cases (23.8%), including nausea in 25 cases (5.2%), vomiting in 13 (2.7%), diarrhea in 21 (4.3%), abdominal pain in 16 (3.3%), abdominal distension in 33 (6.8%), sore throat in 56 (11.6%) and fever in 16(3.3%), all of which relieved after symptomatic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of defecations, Wexner constipation scores, and GIQLI scores before FMT, 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment among different bacterial solution storage groups (all P>0.05). Differences of clinical cure rate, clinical improvement rate, and treatment satisfaction of patients 1 week and 1 month after treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the groups, differences in the overall complications and types of complications after FMT treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions:FMT is safe and effective in the treatment of slow transit constipation. Fresh fecal bacterial samples or fecal bacterial samples frozen at -80℃ for 1 year can be safely applied to FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation, with stable short-term efficacy and without serious adverse reactions.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for radiation intestinal injury. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 32 radiation intestinal injury patients including 6 males and 26 females, aged (59.4±9.5) years, with an age range of 51-86 years who underwent fecal microbiota transplantation from August 2017 to August 2018 in the Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Centre, Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University was performed. The efficacy (cure rate, improvement rate), nutritional indicators (body weight, albumin, hemoglobin), inflammation index (C-reactive protein), gastrointestinal quality of life index score and adverse events were compared after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation. The patients were followed up for 1 year by telephone, outpatient and network. The follow-up was carried out in combination with the above-mentioned effectiveness and safety indicators. The time was until August 2019. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (Mean±SD), the count data were expressed as percentage. The paired t test was used for comparison between groups. Results: The clinical cure rate and clinical improvement rate of patients who received fecal microbiota transplantation for 1 year were 56.3% and 15.6%, respectively. Body weight increased from pre-treatment (53.7 ± 9.6) kg to (60.8 ± 2.1) kg after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation, albumin increased from pre-treatment (30.7±4.6) g/L to (37.5±3.8) g/L after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation, and hemoglobin increased from pre-treatment (108.5±13.1) g/L to (123.3±13.4) g/L after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation. C-reactive protein decreased from pre-treatment (24.1±4.5) mg/L to (3.2±4.5) mg/L after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation. Gastrointestinal quality of life index scores were significantly increased after fecal microbiota transplantation, from (88.4±7.1) scores to (112.2±3.2) scores after 1 year of fecal microbiota transplantation. No serious adverse events occurred during the whole follow-up. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Fecal microbiota transplantation techndogy is effective and safe for radiation intestinal injury patients, which is worthy of clinical research.