Objective To investigate the impact of hyperthermia on the expression of claudin-1 in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism in ischemic cerebral injury.Methods A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation,normothermia and hyperthermia groups.Both the normothermia and hyperthermia groups were redivided into 3 time points:Ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion for 3,6,and 24 h.A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by the intraluminal suture method.At 24 h after reperfusion,brain water content was measured by the wet and dry weight method.The volume of cerebral infarction was assessed by 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining.At 3,6,and 24 h after reperfusion,the claudin-1 expression in ischemic brain tissue was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining Results At 24 h after reperfusion,the mean neurological function score in the normothermia group was significantly lower than that in the hyperthermia group (2.3 ± 0.48 vs.3.2 ± 0.63; t =3.576,P =0.002).The brain water content on the operated sides in the sham operation,normothermia and hyperthermia groups was 79.31％ ± 0.60％,81.13％ ± 0.12％,and 84.4％ ± 0.55％,respectively.There were significant differences (F=147.115,P=0.000).Western blot analysis showed that at 3,6,and 24 h after reperfusion,the expression levels of claudin-1 in the normothermia and hyperthermia groups were significantly lower than the sham operation group (all P =0.000),and the expression levels of claudin-1 progressively decreased with the extension of ischemia-reperfusion time (all P ＜ 0.05).At the same time point,the expression level of claudin-1 in the hyperthermia group was significantly lower than that in the normothermia group (all P ＜ 0.01).At 3 and 6 h after reperfusion,the positive expression of claudin-1 among the cerebrovascular endothelial cells was observed in the sham operation,normothermia and hyperthermia groups,while at 24 h after reperfusion,no claudin-1 positive cells were observed.Compared to the sham operation group,at 3 h after reperfusion,the numbers of claudin-1 positive cell and claudin-1 IOD/area (integrated optical density/accumulated positive cell area) in the normothermia and hyperthermia groups begin to decrease,they decreased significantly at 6 h and disappeared at 24 h (P=0.000).At 3 and 6 h after reperfusion,claudin-1 IOD/area in the hyperthermia group was significantly lower than that in the normothermia group (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,hyperthermia may aggravate ischemic brain edema and brain injury by down-regulating the expression of claudin-1 in blood-brain barrier.

Objective To study dynamic changes of T cell subsets and CD3＋HLA-DR＋T cells in peripheral blood of composite tissue transplantation-hand allograft recipients. Methods The levels of CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋、CD3＋HLA-DR＋T cells and ratio of CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood of hand allograft recipients in different periods were examined by using flow cytometry.The recipients before transplantation were as the control groups.Results The first day after transplantation,the levels of CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋、CD3＋HLA-DR＋T cells and ratio of CD4/CD8 all began to descend.The 3th to 5th day after transplantation,the levels were the lowest.The 8th day,the levels of CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋、CD3＋HLA-DR＋T cells and ratio of CD4/CD8 were eventually rised and go to stable 15th day after transplantation.But the levels of CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋and value of CD4/CD8 were still lower than those of the contols,and the levels of CD3＋CD8＋、CD3＋HLA-DR＋T cells were higher distinctly.Conclusion Dynamic changes of T cell subsets and active T cells in peripheral blood of composite tissue transplantation-hand allograft recipients were accordant with that of renal allograft recipients with stable period and with stable clinical state of the hand transplantation recipients.

Objective To investigate the optimal ultrasound exposure parameter on H22 neoplasms of mice meditated by ultrasound exposure combined with self‐made nanobubbles ,and then observe their therapeutic effect combined with cisplatin and their possible mechanism of anti‐tumor . Methods Thirty mice engrafts models with subcutaneous H22 neoplasms were established and divided into 6 groups randomly ,which received ultrasound exposure at different intensity and exposure time . The contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging ( CEUS ) was performed in every group at the four time points of before treatment and at 0 h ,24 h ,72 h after treatment . To obtain the optimal ultrasound parameters ,the tumor inhibitory effect was assessed by enhanced intensity ( EI) and microvascular density ( MVD) . The H22 tumor were treated by ultrasound exposure nanobubbles combined with cisplatin to observe their tumor growth inhibition rate ,and the microvessels density and nuclear associated antigen Ki‐67 proliferation index were measured by immunohistochemical staining . Results There was a statistically difference in enhanced intensity (EI) between the experimental groups and control group ( P < 0 .05) . With the increasing of ultrasound intensity and exposure time ,the tumor inhibitory effect was more obvious ,with an increasing side reactions . Except the simple ultrasound group ,there was a statistical difference in tumor inhibition ,the mean MVD and the tumor cell proliferation index (KI‐67) between control group and the other ultrasound therapy groups ( P<0 .05) . The tumor inhibitory rate was the highest ( tumor inhibition rate 70 .0% ) and the mean MVD and KI‐67 expression were the lowest ( P <0 .05) in the combination group comparing with the others . Conclusions The ideal ultrasound exposure parameter of tumor inhibition showed that exposure intensity chose 1 W/cm2 and exposure time chose 1 min or 3 min intermittence . The ultrasound exposure self‐made nanobubbles combined with cisplatin could enhance the tumor inhibitory effect .Its mechanism may be related to the decrease of microvascular density ,the inbition of tumor cell proliferation and the increase of tumor cell necrosis .

Preliminary exploration on subject librarian mechanism and service is carried out in college and university libraries in Chi-na. The paper introduces actual needs, implementation modes, service contents and forms of subject librarian service in Library of China Medical University;hopefully the good experience would provide reference to other medical colleges and universities.

The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c nude mice model of human CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the mechanism were investigated. In nude mice model of CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the tumor volumes in different groups. The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in tumor tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining. The transcription of VEGF gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The inhibitory rate in Endostar+ radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups. In Endostar+radiotherapy group, the tumor volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335, suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer. The expression of MVD of tumor tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly. The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to other groups, VEGF mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 tumor. The combination therapy decreased the expression of VEGF, and inhibited tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. When combined with radiotherapy, Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperthermia on expression of cathespin L (CTSL) in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats and its mechanism in ischemia injury.Methods A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=20),normothermia group (n=40) and hyperthermia group (giving constant temperature heating for 39 ℃,n=40);rats in the sham-operated group and normothermia group were given constant temperature heating for 37.5 ℃.Models of middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion in the later two groups were induced by intraluminal suture method.Both the normothermia and hyperthermia groups were sub-divided into 3 time point groups:ischemia for one h and reperfusion for 3,6 and 24 h (n=10,10 and 20).At 24 h after reperfusion,the neurological deficit scores,volume of infarction and brain water content were assessed.At 3,6,and 24 h after reperfusion,the expression of CTSL in ischemic brain tissues was measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.Results At 24 h after reperfusion,the mean neurological deficit scores,volume of infarction and brain water content in the hyperthermia groups were significantly higher than those in the normothermia groups (3 h:3.37±0.48 vs.2.20±0.42,6 h:59.08％±0.98％ vs.24 h:37.96％±0.16％ and 84.82％±1.79％ vs.82.18％±0.45％,P＜ 0.05).Western blotting showed that CTSL expression did not change at each time point in the normothermia group,while the CTSL expression in the hyperthermia group was significantly higher than that in the normothermia group at each time point,respectively (P＜0.05).CTSL expressed in neuron and glia of sham-operated group delected by immunohistochemistry,especially in glia.As compared with that in the sham-operated group,glia CTSL integrated optical density/accumulated positive cell area (IOD/area) began to decrease in the normothermia group at 24 h after reperfusion;neuron CTSL IOD/area began to increase at 3 h,reached to the summit at 6 h,and then,decreased at 24 h (P＜0.05).At each time point,neuron CTSL IOD/area in the hyperthermia group was significantly higher than that in the normothermia group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperthermia can probably worsen the brain edema and damage by up-regulating CTSL expression after ischemia/reperfusion.

Objective To understand the status of knowledge and attitude of schistosomiasis control among the human populafion in schistosomiasis transmission-controlled area of Changqiu mountainous areas.Methods The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method among residents and students in these alias,then they were investigated by questionnaire.Resuits A total of 150 residents and 209 students were selected.There were 60% of the residents whose awareness rates of the knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.The correction rates of the questions in residents were between 99.30% and 100%.and the awareness rates about the questionswhether re-infection would occure after schistosomiasis was cured and the remedy for schistosomiasisof female adults were both 75.40%.The correction rates of the two question8 on attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control in adults were above 80.00%.In students'questionnaires.the awareness rates of knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.except the two questions on the shape of the snailand the infection-risk months of schistosomiasis.The correction rates of attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control were aslo above 80%.Conclusion The correction rates of knowledge,attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control of adults and students have reached the national goal of schistosomiasis control in 2008.

Objective To determine the peripheral dose ( PD) of a Trilogy accelerator under different conditions and the feasibility of PD measurement using the semiconductor diode ionization chamber. Methods In a solid water phantom, a CC13 air?filled ionization chamber and a semiconductor diode ionization chamber were used for PD measurements with different distances (13 measurement locations within 1?31 cm) , depth ( 3, 5, 15 cm) , field sizes ( 10, 20, 30 cm) , wedge ( W15, W45, VW15, VW45) , and beam energy (6, 18 MV). The relationship of PD with PDleakage and PDscat er was determined by removing the scatter phantom. Simulating the patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy, a CIRS phantom received volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) , step?shoot intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) , and sliding?window IMRT to measure PDs of the breast, thyroid, and lens. All the data were normalized to the isocenter. Results PD was gradually reduced with the increase in distance ( 13?41% at 1 cm from the edge to 0?25% at 31 cm from the edge) . With a fixed distance from the edge of the radiation field, there was no significant difference in PD between different depths. A radiation field with a size of 30 cm had a PD about two?fold higher than that with a size of 10 cm. PD increased with the increase in the physical wedge angle and increased by 1% compared with the open field;PD decreased with the increase in the virtual wedge angle and decreased by 2?3% compared with the open field. PD decayed from 13?35% at 1 cm to 0?23% at 31 cm under 6 MV X?ray and from 11?06% at 1 cm to 0?20% at 31 cm under 18 MV X?ray. Dscat er was dominant in the regions close to the edge of radiation field and decreased from 62?45% at 1 cm to 5?71% at 25 cm. In all measurements under 6 MV X?ray, the maximum proportion difference between CC13 ionization chamber and diode ionization chamber was less than 1%. PDs of the breast, thyroid, and lens were 6?72, 2?90, and 2?37 mGy in VMAT mode, 7?39, 4?05, and 2?48 mGy in step?shoot IMRT mode, and 9?17, 4?61, and 3?21 mGy in sliding?window IMRT mode, respectively. Conclusions For the measurement of PDs, the CC13 air?filled ionization chamber and semiconductor diode ionization chamber have good consistency and feasibility under 6 MV X?ray. In clinical practice, the understanding of the relationship of PD with different radiation conditions helps to reduce the doses to organs at risk. Shielding and protective techniques can further reduce dose deposition.

The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c nude mice model of human CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the mechanism were investigated.In nude mice model of CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the tumor volumes in different groups.The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in tumor tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining.The transcription of VEGF gene was detected by using RT-PCR.The inhibitory rate in Endostar+radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups.In Endostar+radiotherapy group,the tumor volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335,suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer.The expression of MVD of tumor tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly.The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P＜0.05).Compared to other groups,VEGF mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably.Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 tumor.The combination therapy decreased the expression of VEGF,and inhibited tumor angiogenesis and proliferation.When combined with radiotherapy,Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of a flat ground exoskeleton robot in improving the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Fifty-eight stroke survivors with mobility difficulties were randomly divided into a robot group ( n=29) and a control group ( n=29). In addition to routine rehabilitation, the control group received conventional walking training, while the robot group underwent exoskeleton robot-assisted gait training. The 30-minute training sessions were held twice a day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. Before as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, everyone′s walking ability was tested using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and functional ambulation scale (FAC). General lower limb motor function was quantified using the Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity assessment (FMA-LE). Moreover, gait analysis was conducted before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results:After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the average 6MWT times of both groups were significantly better than before the treatment, with the improvement of the robot group significantly greater than that of the control group after 2 weeks. After 2 and 4 weeks the average FMA-LE and FAC scores of both groups had improved significantly compared with before treatment. After 4 weeks the stride frequency and gait cycle of both groups had improved significantly.Conclusions:Exoskeleton robot-assisted gait training can improve walking ability and lower limb motor function of stroke survivors about as well as conventional walking training.