Animal SPECT is an important research approach for translating preclinical to clinical study.It has been widely applied in drug development and the researches of physiology and diseases in small animal models.With the rapid progresses of hardware technology and algorithm of image reconstruction,the systemic sensitivity,spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy of animal SPECT have been greatly improved.Animal SPECT has great advantages over animal PET with the feasibility of study,the convenience acquisition of radiopharmaceuticals and relative low cost.In a certain period,animal SPECT will still be a main approach for preclinical researches of molecular imaging.

Objective To explore the clinical value of digital radiography with dual-energy subtraction in diagnosis of coronary artery and valve calcification. Methods 920 patients(older than 70) was examined by GE Revolution XRD with chest dual-energy subtraction. The positive rate of calcification of 146 patients who were highly or generally suspected for coronary artery calcification in bone window's and high Kilovotor digital graph of dual-energy subtraction were compared with the result of 16 slices MSCT. Results 135 patients with highly suspected coronary artery calcification and 11 patients with generally suspected coronary artery calcification in bone window's digital graph were examined by 16 slices MSCT. In those 135 patients with highly suspected coronary artery calcification, 128 cases were proved to be positive with 16 slices MSCT. In those 11 patients with generally suspected coronary artery calcification, 3 cases were proved to be positive with 16 slices MSCT. In those 12 patients who were positive with coronary artery calcification in high Kilovotor graph, 10 patients were confirmed to have coronary artery calcification in MSCT. In those 134 patients who were negative with coronary artery calcification in DDR, 126 patients were confirmed to have coronary artery calcification in MSCT. Conclusion Dual-energy subtraction digital radiography can offer potentially important new information in the evaluation of coronary artery calcium.

Objective To compare differences of gut microbiome between patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy individuals by using high-throughput sequencing technology.Methods Stool samples were collected from 10 outpatients with severe acne vulgaris and 10 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Then,the bacterial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for the identification of microbial species,and the differences of gut microbiome were compared between the patients and controls.Results There were no significant differences in the diversity of intestinal microflora,but only the relative abundance of a few bacteria differed significantly between the two groups.Gut microbiome in the two groups mainly consisted of Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.There were no significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum and genus levels between the two groups.However,the relative abundance of Blautia producta and Coprococcus eutactus at the species level differed remarkably between the two groups.Conclusion No significant differences in the bacterial diversity indices are found,but some bacterial species significantly differ between the patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy controls.

Objective To examine the clinical factors associated with postoperative outcome in dementia combined with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage (CAA-ICH). Methods The clinical data of 25 surgical patients of dementia combined with CAA-ICH were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative short-term effects and long-term effects were evaluated at the 30 d and 6 months after operation according to the modified Rankin score (MRS), and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results Among the 25 patients, eusemia was in 6 cases. Age ≥ 75 years, Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 8 scores on admission, hypertension, postoperative anemia, pulmonary diseases, midline shift were the influencing factors of postoperative short-term effects (P < 0.05 or <0.01). Twenty-two patients were followed up for 6 months, and ensemia was in 9 cases. Age≥75 years, GCS ≤ 8 scores on admission, hypertension, postoperative anemia, hypoproteinemia and pulmonary diseases were the influencing factors of postoperative long-term effects (P<0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions Preoperative assessment is important for the patients of dementia combined with CAA-ICH. Age ≥ 75 years, GCS ≤ 8 socres on admission, hypertension, postoperative anemia, pulmonary diseases, midline shift are associated with poor short-term effects; age ≥ 75 years, GCS ≤ 8 scores on admission,hypertension, postoperative anemia, hypoproteinemia and pulmonary diseases are associated with poor long-term effects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 5? reductase inhibitor on vascularity of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Sixty male adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 per group): normal control, BPH control group, the group of 5? reductase inhibitor treatment during hyperplasia and the group of treatment after hyperplasia. Immunohistochemistry combined with computer assisted image analysis system were performed to examine the expression of factor Ⅷ related antigen, PCNA and VEGF in the prostatic tissue for all rats. Results The microvessel density(MVD) and the expressions of PCNA and VEGF were much less in treatment during hyperplasia and treatment after hyperplusia than that in BPH control group( P

Objective To summarize that the distant interval metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients who have been examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT and analysis the diagnostic efficacy of doctors using PET/CT device.Methods 75 patients were divided into three groups including primary patients without any treatment and patients in treating and patients after radiotherapied.The distant interval metastasis sits,incidence and their difference were analyzed.We adopt five grades to diagnose distant interval metastasis of NPC.And we choose the difference grade as cut off point to draw ROC curve and then decide the best diagnostic cut off point.Result There are 22patients in the first group and 2patients in the second group and 51patients in the third group in all 75paients.The incidence of distant interval metastasis in the first group is 59.1% and third 68.6% and there are statistical significance between groups(P=0.0001).The most frequent sites of distant interval metastasis is the distant interval lymph nodes(38.67%) and the second is skeleton(36%) and the third is liver(25.33%).ROC curve indicate that third one is the best cut off point because of doctors using PET/CT device can acquire the optimal sensitivity(86.36%)and specificity(88.24%) and accuracy(76.8%).Conclusion The incidence of distant interval metastasis is higher and the most frequent part is distant interval lymph nodes.And the doctors using PET/CT device diagnose the distant interval metastasis of NPC efficacy is higher.

Objective To evaluate the technique of multi-slice spiral CT angiography and it's value in diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases.Methods 77 cases were studied with GE Discovery Ultra 16-slice spiral CT scanner.The raw data were then transferred to ADW4.1 workstation and reconstructed with Volume Rendering(VR) and Maxium intensity projection(MIP)and Multiplanner Reconstraction(MPR).Results In 77 cases,49 were aneurysms,19 were AVM,7 were vaso-occlusive,2 were Moya-moya disease.Cerebrovascular was dispayed clearly in VR MIP and MPR.The images acquired with VR were more colorful and spatial than MIP and MPR,but the diagnosis value of MIP and MPR were higher.Conclusion MSCTA is an available noninvasive method in diagnosing the cerebrovascular disease.It could define character and position.MSCTA is an effective method and can be an nalterntive of DSA partially.

BACKGROUND: Following renal transplantation, native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor occurs not only on one side, but also on both sides simultaneously or continuously.OBJECTIVE: To describe a new procedure in managing native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, in which, retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done followed by transurethral resection of ureteral orifice, and finally the kidney and the complete ureter with a bladder cuff were taken out through a midline abdomen incision, and to validate its feasibility.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A technique modification experiment was performed at the Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University between July 2004 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients (7 males and 1 female) with native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor who received laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection were included into this study. Of them, 4 cases had bilateral lesions. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was conducted 12 times totally.METHODS: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done in the lateral decubitus, followed by transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice with resectoscope in the lithotomy position, and finally, an incision was created in the lower midline abdomen to allow dissection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff and intact specimen extraction. Postoperatively, intravesical chemotherapy was routinely performed to prevent tumor recurrence. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and once a year thereafter.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgery time, blood loss volume, pathological report, tumor recurrence time, tumor-free survival time, and complications.RESULTS: The mean surgery time was 3.8 hours (range: 2.5-7 hours). The mean hemorrhage volume was 240 mL (range: 50-1 200 mL). Two cases needed blood transfusion, 600 and 1 000 mL, respectively. Transitional cell carcinoma grade Ⅲ was found in 3 cases, grade Ⅱ in 4 cases, and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 4 cases. In addition, there was 1 case presenting with tumor breaking through the serous membrane of the ureter and 1 case suffering from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor recurred locally in one case 6 months after surgery, and the remaining cases all survived in a tumor-free state.CONCLUSION: After renal transplantation, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower midline abdomen incision is feasible for treatment of native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, with low tumor recurrence rate and satisfactory excision effects.

A child case of acute myocardial ischemia induced by symptomatic myocardial bridge (SMB)was reported and relevant literatures were reviewed in this article.The case and literatures indicate that myocardial bridge is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly in children.The pathogenesis may be related to stenosis,spasm,arteriosclerosis of coronary artery because of myocardial bridge compression during systole.Clinical manifestations include chest pain,malignant arrhythmia,syncope,cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction.The diagnosis of myocardial bridge is based on cardiac imaging.SMB patients should be first treated with β-adrenergic; if ineffective,surgical treatment or implantable automated cardiac defibrillator shonld be chosen.The patients complicated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have worse conditions with high mortality.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PET-CT brain imaging and resting-state fMRI in preoperative localization of temporal lobe epileptic (TLE)focus.Methods PET-CT and resting-state fMRI were performed in 17 patients with refractory TLE,who then underwent surgical treatment.Seventeen healthy volunteers matched with gender and age were recruited as the control group.The resting-state fMRI images were post processed by SPM5 software.Regional homogeneity(ReHo) values of the whole brain and bilateral hippocampus were obtained and analyzed.PET-CT images were analyzed by visual analysis method and asymmetry index method and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of bilateral hippocampus were obtained.The ReHo values and SUV of the bilateral hippocampus were compared by two independent samples t-test,and analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for optimized diagnostic threshold.Pearson correlation analysis was employed for evaluating the correlation between the SUV and ReHo values of bilateral hippocampus.The consistency between the diagnostic accuracy of PET-CT and resting-state fMRI was assessed by Kappa consistency test.The outcome of the patient group was compared with that of the control group,and with the pathological results,to evaluate the diagnostic value of the two modalities for preoperative localization of temporal lobe epileptic focus.Results Regional or comprehensive low metabolism of 18F-FDG in temporal lobes was presented in all 17 patients,and 11 patients out of 17 showed lateral decreased ReHo value.The diagnostic accuracy of the two examinations was 70.6％ (12/17) and 64.7％ (11/17) for PET-CT and resting-state fMRI respectively compared with pathological results,and could be increased to 76.5％ (13/17) when the two methods were combined for diagnosis.The ReHo values of the TLE group (0.34 ± 0.12)were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.46 ± 0.07) (t =3.230,P =0.003).The sensitivity and specificity of resting-state fMRI were 88.2％ and 94.1％ respectively when the ReHo value was 0.36.There was significant difference between the SUV of the affected (4.17 ±0.63) and healthy side(4.77 ±0.56) of hippocampus in TLE group(t =2.930,P =0.006).The sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT were 88.2％ and 64.7％ respectively when SUV was 4.23.The two values could be used as a threshold in the localization of temporal lobe epileptic focus.Consistency of lesion detection was revealed between PET-CT and resting-state fMRI though it was not high,and the Kappa value was 0.49.However,no correlation was detected between the SUV and ReHo value using Pearson correlation test(r =0.280,P =0.314).Conclusion Combined PET-CT brain imaging and resting-state fMRI as a multi-modality imaging method might improve the diagnostic accuracy of the TLE focus's localization.