築y rneans of Rp-HPLC,a quantitative method for the analysis of five ma jor flavonoids in Epimediumsagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc. )Maxim. is developed. The variation of active compounds caused by geographicaland morphological factors are discussed,and a comprehensive evaluation of drug quality of E' sagittatum isgiven.

Purpose　The aim is to study the conditions of preparation and regeneration of Gliocladium sp. (F) protoplast. Methods　 Different enzyme systems, enzymolysis time, osmotic pressure stabilizers were studied to investigate their influence on the productivity and regenerating rate of Gliocladiumsp. F protoplasts. The HPLC method was used to determine EP (6,22-diene-5,8-epidioxy ergosta-3-hydroxy) content.Results　The higher productivity of protoplasts was obtained when mycelia of strain F growing for 60 hours was digested at 28℃ for 4 hours by solution containing 2% cellulase and 2% helicase dissolved in 0.5 mol/L mannitol and the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer would be suitable for protoplast regeneration. According to the EP productivity detected by HPLC, high positive rate of the regenerated strains growing in the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol could be got. Conclusion　The results will promote the research of strain F mutantgenesis and will be helpful for obtaining the strain more effectively biosythesizing compound EP.

Objective To observe the changes of tongue and pulse parameters in the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)after pegylated interferon alpha-2a(PEG-IFNα-2a)treatment,to investigate its value in evaluation clinical efficacy of PEG-IFNα-2a treatment.Methods 120 patients with CHB who confirmed to the standard received PEG-IFNα-2a antiviral therapy for 48 weeks,and followed up for 24 weeks.The tongue and pulse parameters were detected by DS01-A type digital tongue and pulse presentation analyzer.The changes of liver function,serum HBV markers,HBV DNA,tongue and pulse parameters were observed before and after treatment.Results 113 patients completed the course of treatment,46 cases received complete response(response rate 40.7%).The response rate of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency group was higher than that of blood stasis group(95%CI:0.010-0.677,P <0.05).The baseline of tongue and pulse parameters had no significant difference between response group and non response group(h3 /h1,t =1.799,P =0.074;h4 /h1,t =1.383,P =0.169;h5 /h1,t′=0.461,P >0.05;W/t,t′=0.688,P >0.05;R,t =1.317,P =0.190;G,t =0.346,P =0.729;B,t =1.720,P =0.088).After 48 weeks treat-ment,and followed up for 24 weeks,the tongue and pulse parameters of response group and non response group were compared with baseline,h3 /h1,h4 /h1 decreased,R value and G value increased,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(Response group:h3 /h1,t =3.004,P =0.003;h4 /h1,t =2.702,P =0.008;R,t′=2.258,P <0.05;G,t′=3.052,P <0.05.Non response group:h3 /h1,t =1.978,P =0.049;h4 /h1,t =2.487,P =0.014;R,t′=2.661,P <0.05;G,t′=2.318,P <0.05).But there were no significant differences between the response group and no response group after treatment(h3 /h1,t′=0.191,P >0.05;h4 /h1,t =0.390,P =0.697 2;h5 /h1,t′=0.957,P >0.05;W/t,t =0.149,P =0.881;R,t =1.343,P =0.181;G,t =0.994,P =0.322;B,t =0.565,P =0.572).Conclusion The changes of tongue and pulse parameters have improved after treatment with PEG-IFNαin patients with CHB. However,the value in predicting the efficacy of antiviral therapy may be limited.

Objective To assess the feasibility of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in renal artery using the iterative reconstruction technique (iDose4) in Brilliance iCT (Philips Ltd.).Methods 90 patients (body weight 60-70 kg) supposed to undergo renal artery CTA were selected and randomly divided into three groups:A(120 kV,120 mAs),B(120 kV,60 mAs) and C(100 kV,100 mAs).CTA images from Group A were obtained using filtered back projection and those from the rest groups were generated by iDose4.Then CT number of renal artery,noise (denoted as standard deviation SD),signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of images for each group were measured and recorded.Images were post-processed using volume reformation (VR) 3D imaging and image quality were assessed in five-level grade (1-5).Results The five parameters (CT number of renal artery,SD value,SNR,CNR and VR grade) of group A and group B were statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).While SD values of group C were comparable to those of group A and B,the rest four parameters of group C were apparently larger,which was statistically significant (tCT value =-12.326,tSNR =-7.136,tCNR =-7.649,ZVR =-2.690,PVR ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Image quality could still fit the diagnosis requirements using iDose4 when mAs decreased lower than 50％.The image quality increases when radiation dose is halved at 100 kVp kV.

Objective To evaluate the long-term molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide (SCN) spraying in marshland regions of the Yangtze River. Methods A marshland with Oncomelania snails in Yangzhong City, Jiangsu Province, was selected as the study spot, and a dose of 6-8 g/m2 of SCN was sprayed yearly for four successive years, and the status of snails was investigated. Results From 2004 to 2007, the average densities of living snails were 6.00, 4.25, 2.04, 1.95 snails/0.1 m2, respectively before the use of molluscicide, and 0.86, 0.86, 0.23, 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, respectively after that. The average densities of living snails before and after the use of molluscicide reduced year by year, and the reduction rates of average densities of living snails were 85.67%, 79.76%, 88.49% and 91.78%, respectively from 2004 to 2007. The rate of frames with snails after the use of molluscicide was 73.46% in 2007, with a reduction rate of 86.85% compared with 9.66% of that before the use of molluscicide in 2004, and the average density of living snails reduced from 6.00 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, with a reduction rate of 97.33%. Conclusions After the spraying for four successive years, the density of snails reduces significantly and the molluscicidal effect is stable and reliable. SCN is a formulation of molluscicide for long-term application in marshland regions.

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of rt-PA combined with high pressure oxygen (HPO)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was constructed by using middle cerebral artery occlusion.The neurological function score;brain index,water content and infarction volume;SOD;LDH;NOS;MDA;LD;NO and NOS were measured.The protein and mRNA expressions of iNOS,BDNF,p75NTR and TrkB were also detected by RT-PCR and Western blot to evaluate and compare the protective effect of rt-PA combined HPO therapy. Results rt-PA combined HPO could significantly decrease the neurological function score;brain index,water content,and infarction volume;SOD;NOS;MDA;LD;NO and NOS but increase LDH content and the weight of rats,compared with rt-PA.In addition,rt-PA combined HPO could increase BNDF and TrKB expressions and downregulate the expressions of iNOS and p75NTR,compared with rt-PA (P<0.05).Conclusion The rt-PA combined HPO therapy has a greater protective effect than rt-PA therapy and its mechanism might be related to having antioxidant effects, increasing the expressions of BDNF and TrKB,and decreasing the expressions of iNOS and p75NTR.

In order to evaluate the moUuseicidal effect of 50% wettable power of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(WPN)combined with urea against Oncomelania snails in the field,4 g/m~2 WPN,4 g/m~2 WPN+20 g/m2 urea and 4 g/m~2 WPN+30 g/m~2 urea were used for mollusciciding with the spraying method.The results showed after 7 days,the mortality rates of snail were 74.43% for 4 g/m~2 WPN,90.32% for 4 g/m~2 WPN+20 g/m~2 urea and 94.83% for 4 g/m~2 WPN+30 g/m~2 urea,respectively.It is indicated that WPN combined with urea can improve the molluscieidal effect significantly.

Objective To evaluate the effects of drotaverine hydrochloride versus scopolamine in re-ducing duodenal motility and in facilitating cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogra-phy (ERCP). Methods Randomized controlled trial of 650 participants from 4 endoscopic centers assigned to receive scopolamine 20 mg or drotaverine hydrochloride 40 mg intravenously 15 minutes before ERCP. Pa-rameters including duodenal motility grades, success rates of deep cannulation, ERCP-related complications and adverse effects were recorded. Results The data of 638 patients (319 in each group) were valid. There were no significant differences in duodenal motility grades (1.17 ±0. 82 vs. 1.13 ± 0.89, P =0. 705), success rate of deep cannulation (90. 9% vs. 91.8%, P =0. 672) and incidence of ERCP-related complications (11.3% vs. 11.0%, P =0. 900) between 2 groups. However, the incidence of tachycardia (heart rate > 120 bpm) during ERCP was lower in drotaverine group than in scopolamine group (2. 2% vs. 6. 9%, P = 0. 004). There was no significant difference in other adverse effects (nausea, vomiting) between 2 groups. Conclusion Drotaverine hydrochloride may provide a reasonable alternative as antimotility agent before ERCP.

Objective To investigate the expression of SP 100 protein in ATRA-treated NB4 cells and its effect on pro-liferation in NB4 cells.Methods Q-PCR was employed to measure the expression of SP 100 mRNA;Western blot was used to detect the expression of SP 100 protein; Immunofluorescence was adopted to determine the location of SP100;Cell viability was analyzed by CCK 8;Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis .Results ATRA may induce the expression of mRNA and protein of SP 100.ATRA changes the location of SP100 from a micro-punctate pattern into a punctate nuclear pattern in NB 4 cells.SP100-shRNA promotes the proliferation of NB 4 cells and in-creased the cells in G2/M phase.Conclusions The expression of SP100 was significantly increased in ATRA-treated NB4 cells, and SP100 may be involved in the regulation of proliferation activity of NB 4 cells.

Objective This study aims to investigate the moral disgust cognitive processing of patients with obses?sive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship with OCD symptoms. Methods Twenty-eight OCD and 30 healthy controls matched for gender, age and education completed lexical decision task, recording reaction time and accuracy of words and assessing the degree of disgust. Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Padua Invento?ry-Washington State University Revision (PI-WUSR) were used to assess the symptoms. Results OCD group showed significantly longer reaction time to core disgust-related words [(762.69 ± 128.25) ms vs. (648.69 ± 162.66) ms] and moral disgust-related words [(798.73 ± 115.26) ms vs. (727.00 ± 106.06) ms] than the healthy controls (P<0.05). OCD group showed significantly higher aversion degree to core disgust-related words [(6.38 ± 1.78) vs. (5.03 ± 1.64)] and moral dis?gust-related words [(7.08 ± 1.23) vs. (5.77 ± 1.44)] than control group (P<0.05). Y-BOCS total score, Y-BOCS obsessive thoughts score, Y-BOCS compulsive behavior score, total score of PI-WUSR, cleaning/pollution force factor score, hurt?ing themselves and others force factor were positively correlated with two types of disgust-related words in patients group (P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis between disgust words and Y-BOCS/PI-WUSR scores pointed that only CWCF influenced disgust degree of core disgust-related words (β=0.61, P<0.01) and moral disgust-related words (β=0.54, P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion The core disgust and moral disgust of OCD are stronger compared to controls.