BACKGROUND: The glycoprotein which ends of a-galactosyi residues (a-Gal) is the major heterogenic antigen for hyperacute rejection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution characteristic of the small tissue engineered vessel scaffold, and a-Gal in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of Wistar rats and Japanese white rabbits, in addition, to discuss the feasibility of applying acellular tissue vessel scaffold to heterogeneous blood vessel transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The contrast observation was conducted at the Department of Human Anatomy of China Medical University between March 2003 and December 2004. MATERIALS: Totally 30 caudal arteries of Wistar rats were collected. Fifteen of which were prepared for small vessel scaffold (small vessel scaffold group), the remained 15 served as caudal artery group. Additionally, 15 central arteries were obtained from each ear of Japanese white rabbits (central artery group). METHODS: Totally 16 mg/L Bandeiraea Simplicifolia I Isolectin B4 (BSI-B4) was added for DAB staining with Affinity histochemistry method. Then MetaMorth/C5050/BX41 microscopic image analysis system was used to detect the positive reaction product of a-Gal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Color changes of vascular wall were observed under light microscope; the optical density of the positive reaction product of a-Gal was measured. RESULTS: The expression of a-Gal was mainly located in the cell membrane, as well as cell nucleus of endothelial cells in the central artery group. The expression of a-Gal of endothelial cell was strong positive in the caudal artery group, which was weak or negative expressed in the small vessel scaffold group. The optical density of a-Gal expression was lowest in the tunica intima of small vessel scaffold group, which was less in the central artery group than the caudal artery group (P < 0.001). The a-Gal expression in the tunica media of small vessel scaffold group was less than the central artery and the caudal artery groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the caudal artery of Wistar rat, the expression of a-Gal is higher than that in the central artery of Japanese white rabbit. Therefore, the heterogeneous tissue engineered vessel material from acellular caudal artery of Wistar rats can be used in blood vessel transplantation.

? Objective? To explore the tatus quo of geriatrics ward and nursing personnel allocation in medical institutions in Western China and to provide reference to construction planning of geriatrics wards. Methods? Nursing managers from medical institutions at different levels in 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in Western China between February and March 2018 were selected by convenient sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the self-designed general information questionnaire for geriatrics ward construction. Results? Totally 327 questionnaires were distributed, and 289 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid rate of 88.38%. Totally 142 of the 289 medical institutions (49.13%) set up geriatrics wards. The number of Class III Grade A hospitals accounted for 54.9%, and the number of general hospitals accounted for 88.7%. The proportion of geriatrics beds accounted for 7.1% of the total, and the bed-nurse ratio in geriatrics wards was 1:0.48. 5.7% (235/4 102) of nurses in geriatrics wards had senior titles, 23.5%(966/4 102) had intermediate titles, and 70.7%(2 901/4 102) had junior titles. Totally 0.8%(34/4 102) of them had a master's or doctoral degree, 49.2%(2 016/4 102) had a bachelor's degree, and 50.0%(2 052/4 102) had diploma from junior colleges. 6.9%(92/1 340) of nurses in specialized geriatrics wards had senior titles, 27.8%(372/1 340) had intermediate titles, and 65.4%(876/1 340) had junior titles. Totally 0.8%(11/1 340) of them had a master's or doctoral degree, 51.1%(685/1 340) had a bachelor's degree, and 48.1%(644/1 340) had diploma from junior colleges. Conclusions? The geriatrics ward construction and nursing personnel allocation in Western China have basically taken shape. However, they are imbalanced in different provinces, cities or medical institutions at different levels, indicating that Western China needs to pay attention to the construction of geriatrics wards in primary medical institutions, enhance the training for specialized geriatrics nurses, and ensure the nursing quality for elderly patients.

Voxel based morphometry (VBM) methods are used to detect the difference in brain structures between the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers and the normal controls. Standard VBM method can detect the difference of the gray matter or white matter densities while the optimized VBM method can detect the difference of gray matter or white matter volumes in the whole brain. The experiments showed that for the patient group, gray matter density or volumes significantly increased in the right frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, vermis, left caudate and parietal lobe, compared with the normal controls. However, in the left frontal lobe and middle frontal gyrus, gray matter density significantly decreased. There is no significant difference in white matter between the two groups. These results are consistent with those of the fMRI, which not only provide the evidence for further study of the pathogeny in PTSD but also validate the efficiency of the VBM methods for detecting the difference in the whole brain structure.
Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; pathology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe ; pathology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; pathology

ObjectiveTo summarize the current research of traditional physical and mental exercise in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI） by means of a scoping review， so as to provide references for exercise intervention in elderly patients with MCI. MethodsRelevant literatures related to the application of traditional physical and mental exercise in elderly MCI patients were searched from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP database， PubMed， Web of Science and Embase， and the retrieval time was set up until June 2021. Basic information， traditional physical and mental exercise methods and application effects were extracted from the selected literatures. The application of traditional physical and mental exercise in elderly MCI patients were summarized. ResultsA total of 22 literatures were involved in the final review， and the intervention methods were as follows， combined intervention of various traditional physical and mental exercise（2）， Baduanjin（9）， Tai Chi（9）， Liuzijue（1） and Qigong（1）. The intervention plan lasted from 2 to 18 months in total， 2 to 5 sessions per week， and each session was 40 to 90 minutes. Traditional physical and mental exercise had an overall positive effect on cognitive function， sleep quality， memory and reaction time of elderly patients with MCI， but its effect on daily living ability and depression was controversial. ConclusionTraditional physical and mental exercise can improve cognitive function and physical function of elderly patients with MCI， which may be a safe and effective treatment.

This article aims to provide a review of the domestic and foreign studies on the quality indicators for evaluating the psychiatric nursing care in recent years. According to Donabedian model， the research progress of quality indicators for evaluating the psychiatric nursing care were described from the three dimensions of structure quality， process quality and outcome quality. This paper summarizes the status of the research， points out the shortcomings of existing research， and provides references for the future research on the quality indicators for evaluating the psychiatric nursing care.

BackgroundIn Sichuan Province， most healthcare institutions providing mental health services have adopted self-developed evaluation indicators for the quality of nursing care in psychiatric closed wards， lacking unified standards. This results in insufficient authority and homogeneity， which is unfavorable for the standardized assessment and continuous improvement of nursing quality. ObjectiveTo construct a standardized evaluation indicator system for nursing quality of psychiatric closed wards in Sichuan Province， so as to provide references for nursing quality management and assessment. MethodsBased on bio-psycho-social medical model and guided by "Structure-Process-Outcome" quality evaluation framework， preliminary evaluation indicators for nursing quality in psychiatric closed wards were developed through literature analysis， research team discussions and clinical experience. Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation， the indicators were revised and finalized. ResultsThe response rates for two rounds of Delphi expert consultation questionnaire were 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.845 and 0.864， respectively， and the Kendall's coordination coefficients ranged from 0.119 to 0.210 （P<0.01）. Ultimately， a nursing quality evaluation index system for psychiatric closed wards was established， comprising 3 first-level indicators， 9 second-level indicators and 46 third-level indicators. ConclusionThe nursing quality evaluation indicators for psychiatric closed wards constructed based on the Delphi method can provide references for nursing quality management and evaluation in such wards. ［Funded by Research Project Fund of Sichuan Nursing Society （number， H20004）； Sichuan Hospital Association Hospital Management Research Special Fund （number， YG2323）］