Objective To evaluate the rate of depression in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in China.Methods Literature search was conducted to collect studies on the prevalence of depression in adult RA patients in Cochrane library, Medline, EMbase, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),China Biology Medicine (CBM), Chinese science & technology journal database (VIP) and Wanfang database.Data were analyzed by R 3.2.0 software after evaluating all data.Results A total of 25 studies, including a total size of 4 830 and 2 712 patients of depression, were eligible for inclusion in the review.The prevalence of depression by analyzing the effect size was 44.7％ [95％CI (37.5％, 52.0％)], which was close to the median of 43.0％ from all studies included and higher than the global rate 38.8％ [95％CI (34％, 43％)].Eight studies, including the sample size of 1 028 cases, 311 cases of mild depressive disorders and 219 cases of moderate or severe depressive disorders, reported the prevalence levels of 30.2％ [30.2％CI (22.1％, 40.0％)] and 16.5％ [95％CI (9.6％,26.9％)], respectively.Subgroup analysis showed that the depression rate of female RA patients was higher than male, the depression rate in the central and western areas were higher than that of the eastern region, the prevalence level estimated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was higher than estimated by other tools.Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled effect size had good stability and reliability.Conclusion The prevalence rate of depression in adult RA patients is 44.7％, suggesting that medical staff should pay much attention to depression in adult RA patients.

Objective To explore the operation procudure and notice of establishing a rat model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation by single operator,and summarize the detailed skill and experience for beginners.Methods 68 pairs male SD(recipients)/Wistar(donors) rats,preoperative anesthesia for recipients and donors at the same time,8/0 line was preparing for blocking recipients vena cava and abdominal aortic,blocking the branch vessel.Left and right superior vena ligature respectively with hilar,cutting the ascending aorta,perfusion cardioplegia,free pulmonary artery,across transverse sinus of pericardium for pulmonary artery cutting,atrial wash,free donor heart.Choosed appropriate incision of receptor abdominal blood vessels,mattress suture at 6 and 12 points,a single suture for vent gases,continuous suture in artery,single needle in vein,reperfusion after exhaust gas.Recording operation time,HE staining,IL-1β/CD3 immunohistochemistry slice,flow cytometry analysis of CD4+T/CD8+T lymphocytes subsets in the peripheral blood.Results Sixty-eight cases were treated by single operater,the operation time was(58.8±4.5)minutes,artery suture time was(7.6±2.2)minutes,vein suture time was(13.5±4.2)minutes,the total donor heart ischemic time was(31.8±4.5)minutes,the success rate was 88.2％.The rejection reaction was stronger on the third and fifth day after surgery,with high expression of IL-1β/CD3 in cardiac allografts.The CD4+T/CD8+T lymphocytes subsets increased in the peripheral blood at first day after heart transplantation.Conclusion By fully preparation and skillfully operation,establishing a rat model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation by single operator has a stable success rate.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) protection against hyperglycemic induced beta cell apoptosis through depression of NOX2-dependent ROS production. Methods The rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was established by injecting small doses of streptozotocin (STZ) fol?lowed by 8-week high fat diet. The experimental animals were divided into three groups:normal control (N) group, diabetes (T2DM) group and GLP-1Ra group [treated with liraglutide 200 μg/(kg · d)for 12 weeks]. The blood glucose levels were compared before and after modeling, before treatment and 12-week after treatment with GLP-1Ra. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to de?tect levels of aspertate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CR) and urea nitrogen (BUN). The apoptotic rates of islets were determined by TUNEL method and cleaved caspase 3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of islets. Levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalytic subunit (NOX 2) in islets were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results At the end of the study, glycemic control (average blood glucose/week and HbA1c) and lipid situation were improved significantly in the GLP-1Ra group than those of N group (P<0.05). TUNEL staining and displayed thatβcell apoptotic and cleaved caspase 3 level were significantly decreased in GLP-1Ra group compared to those of T2DM group (P<0.05). ROS levels were significantly decreased in GLP-1Ra group than those of T2DM group before treatment with Apocynin, but no significant difference between GLP1-Ra group and N group (P>0.05). After application Apocynin for inhibition, there were no significant differences between three groups (P>0.05). The level of NOX2 was significantly lower in GLP-1Ra group compared to that of T2DM group (P<0.05). Conclusion GLP-1Ra can inhibit apoptosis ofβcells in diabetes rat, and the depression of NOX2-dependent ROS may be one of the important underly?ing mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical efficacy and side-effect of 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser in treatment of children heamangioma of skin. Methods A retrospective study was conducted according to 76 children patients with heamangioma of skin (including 53 cases of nevus flammenus, 20 strawberry hemangioma and 3 cavernous hemangioma) treated with 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser. We evaluated the efficacy and side-effect of the treatment. Results The effectiveness rates were 83.2% and 86.63%, respectively, in nevus flammenus and strawberry hemangioma, but there were disappointed efficacy obtained in patients with cavernous hemangioma treated with 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser. There was 7.9% of the side-effect rate in the children with heamangioma of skin treated by 595 nm tunable pulsed dye laser. Conclusion There is satisfactory clinical efficacy and lower side-effect for children hemangioma treated by 595nm tunable pulsed dye laser.

Objective To analyze the clinic features and hereditary characteristics of three subtypes of porokeratosis, namely disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata(PPPD) and porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) in five pedigrees with porokeratosis. Meth-ods After clinical and pathological diagnosis, every living family member of the five pedigrees with poro-kerotosis was undergoing medical examination and genetics analysis. These five pedigrees consisted of three DSAP pedigrees (totally 266 family members including 100 patients), and one PPPD pedigree (composing of 90 members including 26 patients), one PM pedigree (cornposing of 34 members including 17 patients). Results While diagnosed as porokeratosis, the five pedigrees included three distinctive variants, each with its own clinic characteristics. The lesions was initiated on the face in DSAP subtype, on palms and the flex-ion side of fingers in PPPD subtype; or involving sun-covered areas in PM subtype. Of the three subtypes of porokeratosis, the onset age in DSAP subtype was earliest, usually about 8-20 years old, about 14-20 years old in PPPD subtype, but PM subtype about 20-30 years old. Conclusions As a group of autosomal dominant genodermatosis, porokeratosis presented various clinic variants with different genetic basis. And, different subtype could be seen in a same patient or same pedigree.

Objective:To discuss the change of ferritin ( Fn) and ferroportin expression quantity and time-related feature in the alveolar macrophages of mice , infected with different virulence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infected .Methods:The prepared bacte-ria of H37Rv or BCG were injected intravenously into the mice tails .On the day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15, the lavage fluids were collected and the alveolar macrophages were obtained from each group of mice .The expression of FPN and Fn were detected with ELISA and /or Western blot analysis .Results:The expression of Fn in the group of either H 37Rv or BCG infected mice was decreased on the day 7, 9 and 11, and was lowest on the day 7, which showed significantly statistical difference compared to that on the other days (P<0.05).The expression of FNP in the infected mouse macrophage was decreased gradually , which was obvious on the day 5. The expression levels reached to the lowest on the day 7 and 9.The expression was much lower than that in the negative control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The expression of Fn and FPN in macrophages isolated from lungs of mice infected with Mycobacterium tu -berculosis H37Rv or BCG become decreased , and there is no difference between these two infected mouse groups .

Objective To explore the correlation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB ) PhoPR two-component system and drug resistance of MTB clinical isolates widespread in Xinjiang region by analyzing the expression of PhoP gene and PhoR gene among different isolates .Methods Total RNA of MTB was extracted from drug-susceptible strains , the strains only resistant to a single first-line anti-TB drugs (INH, RFP, SM and EB) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, respectively.The purity of total RNA was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis .The expressions of PhoP gene and PhoR gene were quantified by using SYBR Green I qRT-PCR and the differences of their gene expression in different isolates were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the drug-susceptible strains of MTB, the expression of PhoP gene was up-regulated for about 1.48 times in MTB strains resistant to RFP (RFP-MTB) and 2.74 times in MDR strain (P<0.05).Compared with MDR strain, the expressions of PhoP gene in the isolates resistant to INH (IN-HMTB), RFP (RFP-MTB), SM (SM-MTB) and EB (EB-MTB) were down-regulated for 0.70, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.21 times respectively.The expressions of PhoR gene were down-regulated for 0.36, 0.54, 0.35 and 0.19 times, respectively (P<0.05).The expressions of PhoR gene in the isolates of INH-MTB, RFP-MTB, SM-MTB and EB-MTB were up-regulated for 6.33, 4.56, 2.34, 1.85 and 9.06 times, respectively as compared with the drug-susceptible strains (P<0.05).Conclusion Significant differences of PhoR gene and PhoP gene expressions were observed among drug-susceptible strains , INH-MTB, RFP-MTB, SM-MTB, EB-MTB and MDR strains.Therefore, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PhoPR two-component system is asso-ciated with the drug resistance of MTB strains prevalent in Xinjiang region .

Objective:To explore the regulation of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein ( Pup )-proteasome system on the persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis to being persistence state under hypoxia conditions and then analyzing the difference on the expression levels of Pup,Dop,PafA and Mpa gene at various time and different conditions. Methods:The total mRNA of the international standard virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(H37Rv),which were cultured under hypoxia and aerobic conditions, were extracted from each group at various time and purity of the mRNA were identified.The expression of Pup,Dop,PafA and Mpa genes of M.tuberculosis strains in each group were quantified by SYBR Green I qRT-PCR,which aimed at finding the difference among the expression of Pup,Dop,PafA and Mpa genes at various time and different conditions.Results:The expression levels of Pup, Dop, PafA and Mpa genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis under hypoxia conditions were measured at various times.The expression levels of Pup,Dop,PafA and Mpa genes:compared with the 0 d,the expression of the Pup gene was up-regulated 1.66,2.43 and 2.76-fold at 4 d,7 d,10 d respectively(P<0.05);the expression of the Dop gene was up-regulated 1.38, 1.91,2.54 and 3.28-fold at 2 d,4 d,7 d,10 d respectively(P<0.05);the expression of the PafA gene was up-regulated 1.22,1.75, 2.37 and 2.67-fold at 2 d,4 d,7 d,10 d respectively( P<0.05);the expression of the Mpa gene was up-regulated 1.66,2.21 and 2.63-fold at 4 d,7 d,10 d respectively(P<0.05).Take the aerobic conditions as control,under hypoxic conditions with the same culture time,the expression of the Pup gene was up-regulated 1.85,2.81 and 2.93-fold in 4 d,7 d,10 d respectively(P<0.05);the ex-pression of the Dop gene was up-regulated 1.20,1.76,2.01 and 3.01-fold in 2 d,4 d,7 d,10 d,respectively( P<0.05);the expression of the PafA gene was up-regulated 1.22,1.57,2.29 and 2.29-fold in 2 d,4 d,7 d,10 d,respectively(P<0.05);the expression of the Mpa gene was up-regulated 1.16,1.58,2.16 and 2.69-fold in 2 d,4 d,7 d,10 d,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under hypoxic conditions,there were significant differences on the expressions of Pup, Dop, PafA and Mpa genes at various times;what′s more, significant differences on the expressions of Pup,Dop,PafA and Mpa genes exist between hypoxic and aerobic conditions at the same time,Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein( Pup)-proteasome system plays a regulatory role on M.tuberculosis′s persistence.

Objective To system review the effectiveness of rehabilitation exercise for preventing intensive care unit patients acquired weakness(ICU-AW).Methods A computerized database search was performed through the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,Wanfang and VIP database to find relevant studies. Two researchers independently selected the studies,evaluated the quality of the articles and extracted data according to the rigorous criterion,then we performed the Meta-analysis with the software RevMan5.3.Results Nine RCTs were included in this study. Comparing to routine care,Meta-analysis showed that rehabilitation exercise improved peripheral muscle strength in ICU-AW patients[MD=5.77,95%CI (2.36,9.18),P=0.0009],respiratory muscle strength[MD=20.38,95%CI(0.79,39.96),P=0.04],and quality of life[MD=27.96,95%CI(13.28,42.63),P=0.0002],shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation[MD=-2.73, 95%CI(-4.98,-0.48),P=0.02] and length of stay in hospital[MD=-1.99,95%CI(-3.28,-0.71),P=0.002], while it had no positive effect on mortality[OR=0.91,95%CI(0.51,1.62),P=0.74].Conclusions Rehabilitation exercise improves physical function of patients with ICU-AW,and reduces the bad clinically relevant indicators, and it doesn't influence the mortality,so it is worth being popularized.

Objective To analyze the differential gene expression between thymic carcinoids and normal thymic tissues and to study thepathogenesisofectopicACTH syndrome caused by thymic carcinoids. Methods Using gene chip technique, the gene differential expression of 2 tissues were observed following RNA labeled with different fluorescences (Cy3 and Cy5) hybridized to gene chip. Results Among 4224 genes on gene chip, 394 were up regulated more than 2 folds in thymic carcinoid tissues, 23 of which were associated with cell mitosis; 51 genes were upregulated more than 5 folds, 1 of which (PAK3) was associated with cell mitosis. Conclusion A group of differentially expressed genes were observed between the thymic carcinoids and normal thymic tissues.These overexpressed and cell mitosis-associated genes probably play a role in the pathogenesis of thymic carcinoid tumors.