BACKGROUND: After the damage of central nervous system, F-waves of electromyography is the valuable way for detecting tendon reflex and muscular tension below injured segment. The increase of spasm, stiffness and muscular tension induced by upper motor neuron injury can revoke change of F-waves.However, change of F-waves after spinal injury, and relationship between Fwaves and spasm of lower limb after injury are still unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation of minimal latency, occurrence rate and every index of dispersion-time degree of F-waves with post-injured spinal cord spasm in patients with spinal injury.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 29 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury,who were hospitalized at Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between June 2002 and March 2004, were selected as spinal injury group. Another 29 normal healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal control group in the same period. METHODS: Spasm level of both lower extremities in patients with spinal injury was graded with Ashworth scale to assess flexion of both coax, flexion of knee joint and Ashworth grade of dorsiflexion of ankle. F-waves was detected with Kepoint1.5 type EMG instrument produced by Denmark.Minimal latency, maximal latency and occurrence rate of F-waves of tibial nerve of both lower extremities were recorded. The discrete-time degree (difference value of maximal latency of F-waves and minimal latency of Fwaves) and mean occurrence rate of F-waves were calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference of each index between patients with spinal injury and normal persons was compared and the correlation of spasm with discrete-time degree, occurrence rate and minimal latency of F-waves in patients with spinal injury was analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 29 patients and 29 normal persons were involved in the result analysis. ①The discrete-time degree of F-waves in patients with spinal injury was higher than that in the normal persons, which had significant difference [(9.2±1.9), (6.7±1.0) ms, P ＜ 0.000 1]. ②The occurrence rate of F-waves in patients with spinal injury was lower than that in normal persons, which had significant difference [(84.5±6.2)%, (89.5 ±5.7)%, P ＜ 0.05]. ③The minimal latency of F-waves in patients with spinal injury was higher than that in normal persons, which had insignificant difference ( P ＞ 0.05). ④The discrete-time degree of F-waves in patients with spinal injury had positive correlation linearly with score of spasm Ashworth (r=0.790 31, P＜ 0.000 1). The occurrence rate of Fwaves in patients with spinal injury had positive correlation linearly with score of spasm Ashworth (r=0.742 03, P ＜ 0.000 1 ). The minimal latency of F-waves in patients with spinal injury had insignificant correlation with score of spasm Ashworth (r=0.081 68, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The discrete-time degree and occurrence rate of F-waves can be used as sensitive index to evaluate electrophysiology in patients with spinal injury so as to assess the level of spasm in patients with spinal injury.

Objective Analysis the expression and significance of P16INK4 ,P57kip2 and Ki67 in hepatocellular carcinoma .Meth-ods 21 normal liver tissue ,48 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and 48 corresponding adjacent tissue were collected for this study . Immunohistochemical analysis the expression levels of P16INK4 ,P57kip2 and Ki67 .Results P16INK4 and P57kip2 in hepatocellular carci-noma tissue were significantly lower ,the positive rates were 49 .3% and 34 .2% respectively ,Ki67 was significantly higher than the normal liver tissue and corresponding adjacent tissue ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) ,the results were consist-ent with the Western blot ;different differentiated group p57kip2 ,Ki67 expression and P16INK4 were significant differences(P<0 .05) . Conclusion Low expression of P16INK4 and P57kip2 ,the higher expression of Ki67 play an important role in the development of hepa-tocellular carcinoma .

According to the coupling relationship of electromagnetic field, thermal field and acoustic field during the time that microwave irradiates the biological tissues, we conducted a study on the microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography forward problem. In the study, we started from the thermoacoustic wave propagation that incorporated the spatial inhomogeneities of thermal and acoustic properties, and we used a method based on the finite element to solve the thermoacoustic equation. As the penetration depth and the specific absorption rate changed with the microwave frequency in biological tissue, the hotspot position and value altered, so the pressure wave propagation and the detecting value would be influenced. By analyzing the simulation results, we found that different detection point has different information content. Because the microwave-induced acoustic waves contain abundant information about the structural, electromagnetic and acoustic properties of phantom, they can reflect information on the tissue composition and structure of the phantom effectively.
Acoustics ; instrumentation ; Adipose Tissue ; anatomy & histology ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Humans ; Microwaves ; Muscle, Skeletal ; anatomy & histology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Thermography ; methods ; Tomography ; instrumentation ; methods

To research on the effect of three different magnetic nanoparticles upon relaxation time of proton. The detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates that there is the effect of marked difference to right control experiment and to analyze the difference from theory. The result discloses that will be able to perform the experiment of molecular recognition using magnetic nanoparticles later.
Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Magnetics ; Nanoparticles ; Protons

This study explores the application of animation in medical teaching. On the one hand, the status quo of the application of animation in medical teaching was analyzed by conducting questionnaire survey for the effect of animation-enhanced teaching of the biology course; on the other hand, new animations were made by the researchers to analyze its effect on the students' self-study. The results showed that the scores of the students receiving text and teaching animation resources were significantly higher than that of students receiving only textual information in the learning process (P<0.01), and the same goes for the number of the students that complete the >75％ of the learning content. The results showed that the teaching animation can improve the students' self-study performance and raise their interest in self-study.