Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Objective To observe the clinical features and prognosis of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE).Methods Ten eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with unilateral EBE were retrospectively reviewed,including 7 males and 3 females.The mean age was 57.6± 10.8 years old.Eight patients were with diabetes and 7 of them were diagnosed over 5 years.There were 3 patients with hepatocirrhosis,1 patient with hypertension,and 1 patient with coronary disease.Nine cases had infectious diseases,including liver abscess (7 cases),pulmonary infection (3 cases),erysipelas (1 case) and perianal abscess (1 case).Seven cases had fever history.Culture and drug sensitive tests for aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bacteria and fungal were performed for 9 eyes using vitreous samples from the procedures of vitrectomy and/or intravitreal injection.All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and adjusted for drug use according to microbiological culture and drug sensitivity test results.After the diagnosis was established,vitrectomy combined with lens removal was performed in 5 hours (3 eyes) and 24 hours (5 eyes);Vitreous tamponade of C3F8 (1 eye) and silicone oil (7 eyes) was used;At the end of the operation,0.1 ml vancomycin (1 mg) and 0.1 ml ceftazidime (1 mg) were injected into the vitreous cavity.One eye received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml vancomycin (1 mg) and 0.1 ml ceftazidime (mg),one eye received evisceration.During the follow up period from 6 to 24 months,visual function,slit lamp and fundus examinations were performed at each office visit.Results All patients complained of blurred vision and 5 patients had ocular pain.The visual acuity was no light perception (3 eyes),light perception (5 eyes);hand motion (1 eye) and 0.1 (1 eye).Corneal edema was found in all 10 eyes;hypopyon in 8 eyes;diffuse vitreous opacity in 10 eyes,including 3 eyes with retinal detachment.For 8 eyes treated by vitrectomy and intravitreal injection,1 eye was eviscerated due to uncontrolled inflammation.The eye treated with intravitreal injection was enucleated for its uncontrolled inflammation.For 9 eyes received vitreous culture and drug testing,8 eyes (88.9％) had positive results,including 5 eyes with Klebsiellar pneumonia,and 1 eye with Staphylococcus aureus,or Streptococcus agalactiae or Enterococcus faecalis respectively.At last office visit,2 eyes were with no light perception;4 eyes were with hand motion;and 1 eye with visual acuity of 0.1.Conclusions Most of the patients with endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis have systemic predisposing factors.Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of ocular EBE.Vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of antibiotics showed efficacy in treating EBE.

Objective:In order to develop an oral live vaccine vector of swine that can stably carry exogenous genes.Methods:Mutant ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1 was constructed by the method of suicide plasmid pREasd-mediated bacteria homologous recombination on the basis of attenuated Salmonella choleraesuisΔcrpΔcyaC78-1.Complementary plasmid pYA3493 with asd was electrotransformed into the mutant,and thenΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1(pYA3493) host-vector balanced lethal system was constructed.Its biological characteristics were analyzed further.Results:The results of PCR and sequencing showed thatΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1(pYA3493) was constructed suc-cessfully.Biological characteristics showed that the serotype of ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1(pYA3493) was identical to ΔcyaΔasdC78-1 and vaccine strain C500 and it can stably carry theΔasd gene in vitro;its growth speed was a little slower than ΔcrpΔcyaC78-1 strain,but both of their growth speeds were significantly slower than vaccine strain C500;the biochemical characteristics of ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1 ( pYA3493 ) were basically the same with ΔcrpΔcyaC78-1 strain.Oral virulence test in mice showed that the virulence ofΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1 ( pYA3493 ) was similar with ΔcrpΔcyaC78-1, but its median lethal dose is 412 times of vaccine strain C500.Conclusion:These results demonstrated that attenuated Salmonella choleraesuisΔcrpΔcyaΔasdC78-1(pYA3493) strain had the potential to be used as an oral live vaccine vector for expressing foreign genes efficiently.

To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese herbs in the treatment of taeniasis.

Objective: To observe the ocular surface function changes of dry eye patients with seborrheic dermatitis and discuss the significance of seborrheic dermatitis in ocular surface damage. Methods: A cohort study was performed.Forty-nine patients (49 eyes) who were initial diagnosed with dry eye enrolled in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2015 to March 2016 were divided into 2 groups, including 21 patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 28 patients without seborrheic dermatitis.Gender, age, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), eyelid margin scores, eyelid secretions scores, meibomian gland imaging scores, conjunctival congestion scores, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer Ⅰtest (SⅠt), break-up time of tear film (BUT), fluorescent integral score were examined and compared.The study was followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (No.IRB2015-YX-069). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before entering the study. Results: There were not significant differences in gender and ages (χ²=1.536, P=0.215; t=0.642, P=0.524). The rate of MGD in seborrheic dermatitis group was 57.15%, which was significantly higher than that in the non-seborheic dermatitis group (25.00%), with significan difference between the two groups (χ²=5.222, P=0.022). There were significant differences in eyelid margin scores, eyelid secretions scores, meibomian gland imaging scores, fluorescent integral scores between the two groups (Z=2.105, 3.303, 3.368, 3.036, all at P<0.05). The OSDI in the seborheic dermatitis group was 26.43±8.05, which was significantly larger than that in the non-seborheic dermatitis group (16.75±5.74); the BUT in the seborheic dermatitis group was (6.14±1.98)s, which was significantly shorter than that in the non-seborheic (8.75±1.38)s (t=4.918, 5.434; both at P<0.05). Conclusions Seborrheic dermatitis may aggravate ocular surface dysfunction in dry eye patients.

Objective:To investigate perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with the resolution of placenta previa in the second trimester.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study, which included singleton pregnant women who received prenatal care and delivered at Peking University Third Hospital from January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2020. A total of 403 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa by ultrasound at 20-24 weeks of gestation and the placental position returned to normal before delivery were included in the study group, and 403 pregnant women with normal placental position matched 1∶1 were the control group. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage rate, and secondary outcomes included postpartum bleeding volume, severe hemorrhage complications, blood transfusion, drug application, the application of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures, gestational week of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. The perinatal outcomes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage [10.4% (42/403) vs 17.6% (71/403)], postpartum hemorrhage volume (median: 375 vs 400 ml), the proportion of postpartum hemorrhage≥500 ml [18.6% (75/403) vs 30.5% (123/403)], and the proportion of application of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures [1.7% (7/403) vs 4.5% (18/403)] in the study group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, small for gestational age, hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit and incidence of neonatal asphyxia, were compared between the two groups, and there were no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). (2) In pregnant women with vaginal delivery, the postpartum hemorrhage rate [31.7% (66/208) vs 17.5% (39/223)], postpartum hemorrhage volume (median: 390 vs 380 ml), the proportion of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures [3.8% (8/208) vs 0.4% (1/223)] of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of postpartum hemorrhage between the study group and the control group who gave birth by cesarean setion ( P=0.545), but the proportion of postpartum hemorrhage≥500 ml in the study group and the control group were 29.2% (57/195) and 20.0% (36/180), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.039). (3) The results of multivariate analysis showed that compared with the control group, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (a OR=2.042, 95% CI: 1.313-3.175), the application of drugs (a OR=1.684, 95% CI: 1.142-2.484) and the application of instruments or surgical hemostasis measures (a OR=2.696, 95% CI: 1.089-6.675) were significantly increased in the study group (all P<0.05). Among women who delivered vaginally, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the study group was 2.021 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI: 1.269-3.220; P=0.003). Conclusion:In women with placental previa in the second trimester of pregnancy, even if the placental position returns to normal before delivery, it is still a high risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, especially in vaginal delivery.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fingerprint of stir-baked Manis pentadactyla.METHODS:HPLC method was conducted.The determination was performed on Capcell Pak Mg Ⅱ S5 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.Using oxyphenylaminopropionic acid as reference,HPLC chromatograms of 11 batches of medicinal materials were determined.TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004 A edition) was used for common peak identification and similarity evaluation.RESULTS:There were 23 common peaks in 11 batches of stir-baked M.pentadactyla,with similarity＞0.90.After validation,HPLC chromatograms of 11 batches of medicinal materials were in good agreement with control fingerprints.CONCLUSIONS:Established HPLC fingerprint can provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of stir-baked M.pentadactyla.

Objective To produce a plastic ampoule with an opening that fits syringe adapters to allow solutions to be drawn up without needles (to avoid needle stick and sharps injuries) and to test the effectiveness of the new design in terms of residual fluid volume and risk of microorganism contamination. Methods Evaluation study based on laboratory research was adopted. For the experimental group, 30 ampoules based on the new design were produced by 3D printing. The ampoules were sterilized and filled with 2 ml sterile water. The sterile water was drawn up without the use of needles, and the wastage fluid (i.e., 2 ml minus the quantity drawn up) was calculated. A 1 ml aliquot of sterile water from each ampoule was dropped onto a nutrient agar plate, and the number of colony-forming units was assessed after 48 h. For each ampoule, the experiment was performed twice. Sixty 2 ml glass-packaged sterile water injections constituted the control group. The fluid was drawn up with a needle, and the superfluous fluid and number of colony-forming units were assessed, as in the experimental group. Results The mean wastage fluid was 0.06 ml, 95% CI was 0.05-0.07 ml in the experimental group and the superfluous fluid was 0.06 ml, 95% CI was 0.06-0.07 ml in the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z=-1.194, P=0.233). The number of colony-forming units was 8 in the experimental group and 4 in the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.224). Conclusions The newly designed plastic ampoule opening could help health workers to avoid needle stick and sharps injuries when drawing up solution. The wastage fluid and microorganism contamination levels met the required standards, indicating that the new design is suitable for clinical application.

Objective:In order to develop a safer vaccine strain exploit Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain .A ΔsipB mutant of Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344 strain was constructed.Methods: Firstly, the recombinant suicide plasmid containing the missing 585 bp sipB ( PREΔsipB ) was built by homologous recombination , and screenned by two-step method.Results: PCR and sequencing results showed that SL 1344ΔsipB was successfully constructed.It was no significant changes compared with SL 1344.But compared with the parent strains SL 1344 , the mutant strain had obvious change in its virulence , oral challenge of bacteria in mice revealed that LD50 of the mutant strain was 1.70 ×108 CFU,the toxicity reduced about 1.4%.The protection rate induced by the sipB mutant was 50%,and the serum antibody peaked 14 d post-immunization.Conclusion:The SL1344ΔsipB mutant was constructed suc-cessfully,and genetic stability ,significantly reduced virulence.The study provides a new approach for further study of the relationship between the gene and pathogenicity of Salmonella typhimurium.It is likely that the ΔsipB mutant could be adapted to develope attenuated Salmonella vaccine.

Acute pancreatitis is a clinically common acute abdominal disease with complex etiology. Acute pancreatitis is reportedly related to the history of biliary tract disease, drinking, hyperlipidemia, age, body mass index, and other related risk factors. In terms of the severity of acute pancreatitis, there are different scoring indicators, laboratory testing indicators, and imaging evaluation indicators. The paper reviews the risk factors and severity evaluation of acute pancreatitis to standardize the treatment of patients, strengthen clinical nursing, and improve prognosis.