BACKGROUND: Gong's nonverbal intelligence test(GNIT) is a nonverbal and cross-cultural test of intelligence designed primarily to suit the use in the minority groups and those with linguistic difficulties by Professor Gong Yao-xian. At present 5 unified norms of the minority groups as well as norms of Chinese Han children and adult aged below 55 years have been developed, but the norms for the elderly above 56 years of age are not available. Nonverbal intelligence test is especially suitable for the elderly and has therefore wide applications.OBJECTIVE: To establish regional norms of the GNIT for healthy elderly people above 56 to enable the completion of nonverbal intelligence test norms suitable for each age groups.DESIGN: A controlled study with stratified sampling of healthy elderly retirees over 56 years of age in the community.SETTING: Department of Physiology in Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology; Center for Psychology, Xiangya Second Hospital,Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Healthy elderly retirees above 56 years of age in Luoyang cityor the counties were selected on a voluntary basis with stratified sampling according to the proportion of each region. The selected subjects aged between 56 and 101 years, and 8 age groups were divided at the interval of 5 years(about 200 people in each age group). Totally 1 460 subjects were selected, including 679 male and 781 female subjects.METHODS: With the instruments and manual of GNIT, the subjects were tested for color identification, classification, blank-filling with numbers or graphs, characters and encoding tests. The results were original scores, scale scores and intelligence quotient.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The norms of GNIT for the elderly above 56 years of age.RESULTS: The norms included three scores, namely the original scores, scale scores and standard deviation scores. To test of reliability and validity of the norms, retest was performed in 40 1 or 2 weeks after the initial test, resulting in the test-retest reliability coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0. 89, with the total test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.83. The correlation coefficients the original scores between the subtests ranged from 0. 35 to 0. 63, and the correlation coefficients between the standard deviation scores of the verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ), performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) and full intelligence quotient(FIQ) of Wechster intelligence scale for children(WAIC-RC) were 0.43,0.51 and 0.54 respectiyely, based on a study of a sample of 50 elderly subjects.CONCLUSION: Primary regional norms of GNIT for elderly subjects above 56 years of age have been established to measure mainly the perception and reasoning factors loaded with also visual motor psychological factors and abstract summary factors, with satisfactory reliability and validity equivalent to similar tests.

Objective:To investigate perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with the resolution of placenta previa in the second trimester.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study, which included singleton pregnant women who received prenatal care and delivered at Peking University Third Hospital from January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2020. A total of 403 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa by ultrasound at 20-24 weeks of gestation and the placental position returned to normal before delivery were included in the study group, and 403 pregnant women with normal placental position matched 1∶1 were the control group. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage rate, and secondary outcomes included postpartum bleeding volume, severe hemorrhage complications, blood transfusion, drug application, the application of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures, gestational week of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. The perinatal outcomes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage [10.4% (42/403) vs 17.6% (71/403)], postpartum hemorrhage volume (median: 375 vs 400 ml), the proportion of postpartum hemorrhage≥500 ml [18.6% (75/403) vs 30.5% (123/403)], and the proportion of application of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures [1.7% (7/403) vs 4.5% (18/403)] in the study group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, small for gestational age, hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit and incidence of neonatal asphyxia, were compared between the two groups, and there were no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). (2) In pregnant women with vaginal delivery, the postpartum hemorrhage rate [31.7% (66/208) vs 17.5% (39/223)], postpartum hemorrhage volume (median: 390 vs 380 ml), the proportion of instrument or surgical hemostasis measures [3.8% (8/208) vs 0.4% (1/223)] of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of postpartum hemorrhage between the study group and the control group who gave birth by cesarean setion ( P=0.545), but the proportion of postpartum hemorrhage≥500 ml in the study group and the control group were 29.2% (57/195) and 20.0% (36/180), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.039). (3) The results of multivariate analysis showed that compared with the control group, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (a OR=2.042, 95% CI: 1.313-3.175), the application of drugs (a OR=1.684, 95% CI: 1.142-2.484) and the application of instruments or surgical hemostasis measures (a OR=2.696, 95% CI: 1.089-6.675) were significantly increased in the study group (all P<0.05). Among women who delivered vaginally, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the study group was 2.021 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI: 1.269-3.220; P=0.003). Conclusion:In women with placental previa in the second trimester of pregnancy, even if the placental position returns to normal before delivery, it is still a high risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, especially in vaginal delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of flurbiprofen( FPA) combined with dexamethasone on preemptive analgesia for whole lung lavage in pneumoconiosis patients. METHODS: Ninety pneumoconiosis patients who underwent whole lung lavage under general analgesia were divided into three groups by random number table method: combine treatment group,FPA group and control group,30 cases in each group. Patients in combine treatment group were given 2 mg/kg body weight( bw) of flurbiprofen axetil injection and 10 mg of dexamethasone through intravenous injection before 2 hours of surgery. Patients in FPA group were given 2 mg/kg bw of FPA axetil injection intravenously. The control group was injected with 2 m L 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Visual Analogue Scale( VAS) score,Bruggramann Comfort Scale( BCS) score,and adverse reaction of the three groups were recorded in 2,6,8,12 and 24 hours after operation. RESULTS: The postoperative VAS and BCS scores of combine treatment group at the 5 time points after operation were lower than that of control group and FPA group respectively( P < 0. 01). The VAS score between the 5 time points presented an decreasing tendency with the increase of time in the combine treatment group( P < 0. 05),and the BCS score presented an increasing tendency with the increase of time( P < 0. 05). The adverse reaction,such as nausea,vomiting dizziness and drowsiness,sore throat and skin itching in combine treatment group was lower than that of control group and FPA group 24 hours postoperatively( P < 0. 017). CONCLUSION: The therapy of FPA combined with dexamethasone on preemptive analgesia is a safe and effective method for reducing postoperative pain of whole lung lavage in pneumoconiosis patients.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Neck dissection(ND)is one of the main treatment methods for oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Although ND type is in con-stant improvement,but intraoperative peal-pull-push injury of the accessory nerve,muscle,muscle membrane,fascia and ligament induced shoulder syndrome(SS)is still a common postoperative complication,combined with the influence of radiochemotherapy,not only can cause pain,stiffness,numbness,limited dysfunction of shoulder neck and arm,but also may have serious impact on patient's life quality and phys-ical and mental health.At present,there is still a lack of a systematic evaluation and rehabilitation management program for postoperative SS of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.Based on the previous clinical practice and the current available evidence,refer to the relevant lit-erature at home and abroad,the experts in the field of maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation were invited to discuss,modify and reach a consenusus on the etiology,assessment diagnosis,differential diagnosis,rehabilitation strategy and prevention of SS,in order to provide clinical reference.

To prepare polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) against UspA1 of Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), we used bioinformatic analysis to determine the surface exposed region in this protein that holds the antigen epitopes. Then the corresponding coding sequences for this fragment was artificially synthesized according to the codon usage of Escherichia coli. The gene fragment was then subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and expressed in E. coli rosseta (DE3), and then the recombinant UspA1-His proteins were purified. Two New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with this protein to prepare antiserum. The resulting PcAb was then purified from the antiserum with Protein A affinity column. The results of fluorescence antibody assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analysis showed that the PcAb could specifically recognize the surface exposed region of UspA1 on Mc. The preparation of the PcAb laid a foundation of further development of rapid detection technique for M. catarrhalis.