OBJECTIVE:To discuss the developing strategy of pharmaceutical enterprises run by private citizens in China.METHODS:Based on China’s realities,the confronting problems in pharmaceutical enterprises run by private citizens in China were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The privately running enterprises should take advantages of flexible or?ganization to strengthen innovation capacity,to achieve scale management with capital operation and to fasten the establishment of mordern product circulation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide information for future development of pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The pay output rates of pharmaceutical industry were compared between China and America as well as Japan.RESULTS:The present situation and relative position of pay output in Chinese pharmaceutical industry were made clear.CONCLUSION:According to the pay comparative analysis result,we should raise technology structure,product structure and industry structure.On the basis of that,we can get long-term advantage.

Objective To understand the level of neonatal pain knowledge and attitudes of neonatal and obstetric department nurses, in order to supply the clinical basis for neonatal pain management. Methods Self-designed questionnaires to fill out on-site were distributed to 107 neonatal and obstetric department nurses (of which 40 were from neonatal department, 67 from obstetric department) for neonatal pain knowledge and attitudes. Results About question of neonatal pain, the average percentage of correct answers in the neonatal group was 75.5%, higher than 66.3% of the obstetric group, in the neonatal group, correct rate of seven questions was more than 80%,while in the obstetric group the correct rate of only one question was more than 80%, and 5 questions correct response rate was significantly lower than that of the neonatal group, the difference was significant. All nursing staff considered it essential or necessary to carry out the nursing knowledge of pain-related training. 95.0%(38/40) of neonatal nurses believed that they could properly assess the extent of neonatal pain, but only 83.6% (56/67) for the obstetric group, the difference between the two groups was significant. 97.5% (39/40) of neonatal nurses believed that they could make the right judgments on neonatal crying, and only 85.1%( 57/67) in the obstetric nurses, the difference between the two groups was significant.Conclusions Neonatal pain has gradually been recognized and paid attention to by the clinical front-line medical staff, they believe that it is necessary to receive training on neonatal pain, knowledge of neonatal pain of neonatal nurses is better than obstetric nurses.

Objective To study the effects of ultramicro propolis powder on reducing blood lipid and regulating lipid metabolism of mice.Method Hyperlipemia model was induced in mice to observe the effect of ultramicro propolis powder on serum and liver lipid levels,their antioxidant function and liver index.Results Ultramicro propolis powder could significantly reduce serum total cholesterol,triglyceride and arteriosclerotic index,increase high-density lipoprotein-choleslerol concentration,reduce liver index and malonaldehyde content and improve hepatic superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusion Ultramicro propolis powder can regulate lipid metabolism and enhance the antioxidant function in hyperlipemic mice.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare and characterize capreomycin sulfate liposomes(CSL).METHODS:Capreomycin sulfate was entrapped into liposomes using active loading that pH gradient methods,ammonium sulfate gradient methods and sodium acetate gradient methods respectively followed by lyophilization technique.The liposome was characterized by entrapment efficiency,particle size,? potential and the stability.RESULTS:The entrapment efficiency of CSL pre-and post-lyophilization prepared by three methods were 65.7% and 65.2 %,20.1% and 18.6%,34.6% and 32.4%,with particle size of 136 and 145 nm,144 and 153 nm,142 and 159 nm,? potential of —20.2 and —19.5 mV,—24.4 and —22.9 mV,—18.7 and —17.8 mV respectively.No obvious changes were found in all the indexes in the stability test.CONCLUSIONS:The pH gradient technique is suitable for preparing CSL in 3 kinds of methods.

Europe ; Humans ; Occupational Medicine ; education ; Students ; United States

Objective To explore the effect of 1-alpha,25-dihydroxy-cholecalcifero(1,25(OH)2D3)on liver fibrosis and its mechanism. Methods Degree of liver fibrosis was assessed through pathological detection and blood biochemical examination of liver function. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect expressions of α-SMA,TGF-βand collagen I to observe activation level of hepatic stellate cells. Impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CD4+T cell differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry,ELISA,and RT-PCR. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 improved the structure of the liver tissue and liver fibrosis. Expressions of collagen I ,TGF-βandα-SMA were significantly ele-vated in the liver tissue in rats with fibrosis(P < 0.05)but were markedly decreased after treatment with 1,25 (OH)2D3(P < 0.05). After 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment,the proportion of Th17 cells reduced while that of Th2 in-creased;concentration levels of IFNγ,IL-17A,and IL-22 markedly declined but IL-4 elevated(P>0.01);and ex-pressions of RORγt and T-bet decreased whereas GATA3 expression increased(P>0.01);as compared with those in the control group. Conclusions 1,25(OH)2D3 can alleviate the degree of liver tissue by lowering HSC activation and regulating Th cell differentiation.

Objective:To discuss the occurrence, treatment and prevention of benign anastomotic stenosis after radical resection for rectal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 63 patients with benign anastomotic stenosis from Jan. 2016 to Dec.2020 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, were retrospectively analyzed, including general conditions, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, anastomotic stenosis, treatment process and outcome. The relationship between stenosis type and treatment and outcome were analyzed.The measurement data obeying normal distribution was expressed by ( Mean± SD), and the t test was used comparison between groups. The chi-square test was used comparison between enumeration data. Results:Of all the 63 patients, 22 (34.9%) cases presented with membranous stenosis, 30 (47.6%) cases with tubular stenosis, and 11 (17.5%) cases with diffused stenosis. Three of the 9 patients with high stenosis underwent balloon dilatation through endoscopy, 3 were placed with self-expandable metal stent and the rest 3 patients underwent resection and reconstruction of the anastomosis. All the 54 patients with low stenosis underwent digital anal expansion, and finally the effective rate was 53.7% (29/54). Endoscopic balloon dilatation was successfully performed in 8 cases, including 4 cases were placed metal stent throngh endoscopy. Eight patients underwent trans-anal stricturotomy. In 5 patients with low diffused stenosis, either ileostomy was preserved or permanent colostomy was performed due to failure to treatment. There were more male patients, protective ileostomy, anastomotic leakage and low stenosis in patients failed to treatment than in the cured patients ( P>0.05). However, all the 5 patients who failed to treatment were suffered from diffused stenosis, and the difference was statistically significant compared with those who were cured ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Postoperative anastomotic stricture after anterior rectectomy requires different treatment strategies according to the location and types of stricture. Endoscopic balloon dilatation is preferred for high stenosis, and metal stents can be placed optionally. Digital anal expansion is preferred for low anastomotic stenosis, and endoscopic or minimally invasive transanal surgery is feasible if digital anal expansion fails.

Objective To clone,express and characterize a tegument protein gene of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj29),and investigate the immune protection of the recombinant protein against S.japonicum in mice.Methods The gene coding for Sj29 protein was amplified by PCR,and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics tools.Partial fragment of Sj29 gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28c(+).The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced the recombinant with IPTG.The recombinant protein(rSj29) was purified by His-binding-resin affinity chromatography and characterized by Western blotting.Three groups each with 10 BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously three times(two weeks interval) respectively with 100 ?l recombinant rSj29(0.1 mg/ml),adjuvant or PBS.At the 15th day after the final inoculation,each mouse was challenged by 40 ?2 cercariae of S.japonicum.At the 53th day after infection,the mice were sacrificed to obtain the number of adult worms,number of eggs in liver and feces.Serum samples were collected at pre-immunization and certain time after immuniza-tion,and were analyzed for IgG by ELISA.The localization of rSj29 in worms of different developmental stages was demonstrated by immunofluorescent technique.mRNA expression level of Sj29 gene in worms of different developmental stages and three groups after infection was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Results A 576 bp Sj29 gene fragment was obtained.The recombinant protein rSj29 with Mr 22 900 was expressed in the form of inclusion body.The recombinant rSj29 can be recognized by sera of mice immunized with rSj29 and sera of infected mice.The number of adult worms(15.4?5.9),number of hepatic eggs(40 143.3?2 995.9) and number of fecal eggs(3 803.9?110.9) in re-combinant protein group were significantly higher than those of PBS control group(20?3.4,49 318.1?6 648.3,5 238.1? 303.5,respectively)(P

To analyze the difficulty, distinction and result of the first national public health practice skills competition among college students, it showed the general situation of this competition, and discussed the present situation, problems and countermeasures of skills training for students majoring in preventive medicine. Based on such competition, educators can promote teaching reform and post competency training.