To solve the problems occurring in Ophthalmologic clinical teaching,we made a detailed investigation on the idea,mode as well as the application of specific methods for ophthalmologic clinical teaching.Then we raised a further proposition compatible with the social environment in order to improve the efficiency and quality of ophthalmologic clinical teaching.

Objective It aims to investigate prevalence of depressive symptoms among the elderly in community and to understand their related social factors. Methods Four neighborhood committees were randomly selected with cluster sampling as survey sites. Enrolled residents at age of 60 to 89 years were evaluated with a general background inventory and a geriatric depression scale(GDS). All the data were input to a microcomputer and were analyzed for its relevant factors with SPSS13. 0 software by multivariate logistic regression model. Results Totally, 1731 elderly people in the community were interviewed and rated with the inventory and scale mentioned above, and depressive symptoms were found in 297 of them, with prevalence of 17. 2 percent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were seven factors associated to their depressive symptoms in the elderly, including family expenditure, housing condition, medical condition, familial support, hobbies in spare-time, ability to take care of oneself and participation to social activities. Conclusions A few social factors, such as living alone, insufficient income for family expenditure, disability of self care-taking, lack of hobby in spare-time, less participation to social activities, lack of familial support and severe chronic diseases by serf-evaluation, are all associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly.

Humans ; MicroRNAs ; therapeutic use ; Molecular Targeted Therapy

Surveys on depression status of elderly population in a community of Shanghai Jing'an District were carried out in 2005 and 2008 respectively. The cluster sampling method was used in the study,1731 and 2315 community residents aged 60 -89 were selected in two surveys. The depression status was evaluated with geriatric depression scale (GDS). During the first survey 297 out of 1731 people were identified as depression with a prevalence rate of 17. 2%; during the second survey 374 out of 2315 people were found to have depression with a prevalence rate of 16. 2%. The factors related to depression status included family support, hobby, ability of self-taking care, family finance and chronic diseases.

This study was to investigate the relationship between chronic diseases and quality of life among community residents beyond 60.From September 2005 to November 2005,1731 residents aged 60-89 were surveyed with a general information form and the the MOS 36 item short from health survey (SF-36).The results showed that the subjects with no chronic diseases seemed to have higher scores,while SF-36 values dropped to some extent when the number of diseases increased.In comparison with diabetic or hypertensive subjects,those with heart disease had lower SF-36 scores for all items,except for general conditions and physical capability.

Objective To explore the correlation between volumetric capnography(VCap)and traditional pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),so as to assess whether VCap can be used as alternative indicators for the evaluation of COPD severity when some of the elderly COPD patients do not accomplish the traditional pulmonary function tests.Methods 960 patients admitted to Fujian Geriatric Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 and undergoing pulmonary function tests were included in the study.They were divided into 2 groups of the COPD group(640 cases)and the control group(320 cases).The pulmonary function of COPD group was divided into 4 subgroups(Ⅰ~Ⅳ).All persons received tests of traditional pulmonary function and VCap.The correlations between VCap and traditional pulmonary function indexes and between VCap and COPD severity were observed.Results The differences in Vm25-50/VT,Vm50-75/VT,dC/dV3,SR23 of VCap between the 4 subgroups(COPDⅠ~COPDⅣ)and control group were statistically significant(all P<0.05),while the difference in dC/dV2 of VCap between the 4 subgroups(COPDⅠ~COPDⅣ)and control group was not statistically significant(t=-0.22,-0.43,0.26 and 0.64,all P>0.05).The difference in CO2 max between the COPD Ⅲ group(severe or more severe group)and control group was statistically significant(t=6.91 and 4.65,all P<0.05).The difference in VD-B/VT and VD-F/VT of VCap between the COPD(Ⅱ~Ⅳ)group(from moderate to very severe group)and control group were statistically significant(all P<0.05).CO2 max,VD-B/VT,VD-F/VT,Vm25-50/VT,Vm50-75/VT,dC/dV3,SR23 of VCap showed correlation with traditional pulmonary function.The correlation between dC/dV3 and the seven traditional pulmonary function indexes seen above was statistically significant(|r|>0.555,P<0.05).The specificity of Vm25-50/VT of VCap for the diagnosis of COPD was best,but its sensitivity was poor than other indexes of VCap.The indexes with both high sensitivity and high specificity were Vm50-75/VT and dC/dV3.Conclusions When the patients with COPD manifest the mild airflow limited,Vm25-50/VT,Vm50-75/VT,dC/dV3 and SR23 of VCap are gradually increased with abnormal VCap figures when the illness progressed.The CO2max of VCap might be one of the indexes for assessing the severity of severe or more severe COPD.

Objective To observe the incidence of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in obese acute pancreatitis (AP) patients with medical treatment, and evaluate the impact of obesity in AP progression.Methods A multicenter prospective controlled study was conducted. APACHE Ⅱ scoring system was used to evaluate the severity of AP. Results 161 patients with mild AP(MAP) were enrolled, according to the cut-off point of 25 kg/m2, these patient were divided into obese group (79 patients) and non-obese group (82patients). The levels of CRP, hypertriacylglycerolemia, complication rate, incidence of SAP and mortality were observed under the circumstance of identical medical treatment. The levels of CRP in obese group and non-obese group were (117±109 ) mg/L and (35±36 ) mg/L(P<0.01). The number of obese patients with hypertriacylglycerolemia was two times as many as that in non-obese patients, but there was no significantly difference. There was no local complication in both groups, but the incidence of systematic complication in obese patients (20.3%) was significantly higher than that in non-obese group (6.1%, P<0.01). 16patients (20.3%) in obese group progressed into SAP, which was significantly higher than that in non-obese group (5 patients, 6.1%, P<0.01). One patient(1.3%) died in obese group, but no one died in non-obese group. In MAP patients with APACHE Ⅱ 4～7 points, the incidence of SAP (43.3%) in obese group was significantly higher than that in non-obese group (18.5%, P<0.05). Conclusions Obese MAP patients with APACHE Ⅱ 4～7 points were prone to develop into SAP. More aggressive interventions are needed.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of a tele-diet combined exercise intervention program in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with sarcopenia.Methods The selection of 80 cases of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with sarcopenia was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 in 2 communities in Urumqi City,and the 2 communities were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group carried out the intervention of dietary combined with exercise through tele-technology on the basis of the routine health education,and the control group implemented the routine health education.The scores of somatic functions,muscle strength and quality of life of patients with sarcopenia were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,6-meter step speed,5 sit-to-stand tests,grip strength index,and quality of life in the experimental group were better than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tele-diet combined with exercise intervention positively affects somatic function,muscle strength,and quality of life in elderly patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia.

Cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor found in many parasites, plays important roles in immune evasion. This study analyzed the molecular characteristics of a cystatin from Fasciola hepatica (FhCystatin) and expressed recombinant FhCystatin (rFhcystatin) to investigate the immune modulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration, cytokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, and apoptosis in mouse macrophages. The FhCystatin gene encoded 116 amino acids and contained a conserved cystatin-like domain. rFhCystatin significantly inhibited the activity of cathepsin B. rFhCystatin bound to the surface of mouse RAW264.7 cells, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, rFhCystatin inhibited the expression of cellular nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and promoted the expression of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10. These results showed that FhCystatin played an important role in regulating the activity of mouse macrophages. Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying the immune evasion and contribute to the exploration of potential targets for the development of new drug to control F. hepatica infection.

Objective: To investigate the recessive infection rate of healthy children and guardians in different epidemic periods of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao, analyze the risk factors affecting recessive infection, so as to provide the basis for HFMD prevention and control. Methods: In the nonepidemic period of 2022, the random cluster sampling method was used to selected 546 children and guardians from 4 childcare institutions in Laoshan District and Pingdu City. In the epidemic period of 2023, 690 children and guardians were selected from 6 childcare institutions in Shibei District, Laoshan District and Pingdu District. A questionnair survey was conducted in the epidemic period. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the recessive infection. Dominance analysis was used to explore the relative importance of the risk factors affecting recessive infection. Results: The results showed that the recessive infection rates of healthy children and guardians in the epidemic period were 18.84% and 13.62%, respectively; the recessive infection rates were 9.09% and 4.44% in the nonepidemic period, respectively. The results of multivariate Logistic analysis showed that rural areas (OR=4.71, 95%CI=2.57-8.61) and recessive infection of guardians (OR=18.62, 95%CI=7.45-46.56) were positively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy children (P<0.05). Washing hands (OR=0.09, 95%CI=0.04-0.20), using towels alone (OR=0.17, 95%CI=0.07-0.40), and EV71 vaccination (OR=0.42, 95%CI=0.20-0.87) were negatively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy children (P<0.05). Public toilets (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.50-6.09) and drying bedding once per quarter (OR=3.89, 95%CI=1.75-8.68) were positively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy guardians. Housing with good lighting (OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.12-0.79), and tableware disinfection (OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.15-0.65) were negatively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy guardians (P<0.05). The results showed that recessive infection of guardians was relatively the most important for healthy children (41.51%), and tableware disinfection was relatively the most important for recessive infection of guardians (28.87%). Conclusions The recessive infections of HFMD are common among healthy populations in Qingdao, and the recessive infection rate among children during the epidemic period is relatively higher. Guardians play an important role in the recessive infection of healthy children. Therefore, healthy education should be strengthened for key populations, especially to enhance parents awareness of prevention and control to reduce the occurrence of recessive infections of hand, foot and mouth disease in children and guardians.