Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura (HSP) is the common form of systemic vasculitis in children,which characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin E within the small vessels.The long-term prognosis of HSP depends on the severity of renal involvement.Renal involvement in HSP affects 10％-100％ patients and the clinical manifestations vary from microscopic hematuria to nephritic/nephritic syndrome even renal dysfunction.Early diagnosis,early treatment and long-term follow-up affect the prognosis of HSP patients.As for the treatment of HSP nephritis (HSPN),there have been many reports dealing with the immunosuppressive agents.Now glucocorticoid is the first-line treatment for HSPN,and other immunosuppressive agents offer more choices to treat HSPN especially for severe HSPN.But,the use of immunosuppressive agents still needs large sample multicenter randomized controlled trials and evidence-based study.

Objective To evaluate the effects of smecta in prolonged hemorrhagic shock.Methods The modified Wigger's method was used to induce hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rabbits.Twenty-nine rabbits were randomly divided into hemorrhagic shock group(n=14),smecta group(n=15),with smecta solution being administered via a gavage tube before shock.The plasma levels of endotoxin,tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?),interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide(NO) were detected at pre-shock and post-shock,immediately after resuscitation and 2h after resuscitation.Blood culture was done at pre-shock,immediately after resuscitation,2h after resuscitation.The survival rates of 24h and 48h were observed.Results The plasma levels of endotoxin,TNF?,IL-6 and NO markedly increased after shock,and were maintained at high level in shock group (P

Objective To explore visual-spatial working memory deficits of patients with basal ganglia damage, based on which tried to provide the new method for detecting the injuries in basal ganglia. Methods Twenty-five patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and twenty-five healthy controls performed visual-spatial working memory tasks, including a face-recognition and a spatial delayed-response. Results For the basal ganglia damage group ,the correct rate of both visual- face ( 54.5 ± 9.6 ) % and visual-spatial ( 80.0 ± 11.7 ) % working memory tasks was significantly lower than that of the control group ( ( 64.3 ± 9.5 ) %, ( 93.6 ± 4.9) %, respectively) ,and the difference was statistically significant ( u= - 147.5,80.5, P＜0. 01 ). For the patients injured in the left basal ganglia, the correct rate of visual- face working memory (48.5 ± 5.4 )% was obviously lower than that of patients injured in the right basal ganglia ( 59.2 ± 9.8 ) %, and the difference was statistically significant ( u =25.5, P＜0. 01 ) ;but the difference of correct rate for the visual-space working memory was not statistically significant( u = 52.5, P＞ 0.05 ). In contrast to the controls, both the visual-face and visual-space working memory of the group with injuries in basal ganglia,had appeared to be disable. Conclusions The results confirmed that patients with lesions in basal ganglia had deficits of visual-spatial working memory,and that injuries either in the left or the right basal ganglia can probably cause the shiftiness of cognitive function. Therefore, the injuries in basal ganglia can be detected by the visual-spatial working memory tests.

Objective To investigate the effect oflevecamitine on nutrition,microinflammation status in ma-intenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Forty two MHD patients were selected, who had undergone he-modialysis for at least two months before the study. One gram of levoeamitine was injecfed to the patients at the end of each dialysis treatment for six months. The parameters of inflammation stress were studied. Results After treatment with levocarnitine for six months, the average levels of dry body weight decreased markedly. ( P<0.05 ), The aver-age serum levels of C2reaetive protein (CRP),interleuldn26 (IL26) ,tumor necrosis factor2α(TNF2α), (P<0.01 ). Difference was not significant between serum lipid parameters before and after the treatment. Conclusion Intravenous supplement with levocamitine in MHD patients, appears to be associated with an improvement of nutrition and mieroinflammation status.

Objective To compare and analyze the differences and characteristics of three strain mouse models in-fected by influenza virus aerosol inhalation, and provide the reference for choosing the appropriate infection model in the re-search of pathogenesis of influenza and the development of vaccines and drugs.Method C57BL/6, BALB/c and ICR mice were infected with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus strain by aerosol inhalation.The symptoms and body weight of mice were observed every day.At 3, 7, 14 days after infection, the mice were sacrificed.The lungs of mice were weighed, then virus assay and pathological observation were carried out.Results The three strains of mice were infected.The sur-vival rate in the C57BL/6 mice was lower than those in the BALB/c and ICR mice.The lung index and viral load of C57BL/6 mice were significantly higher than those of ICR mice ( P<0.05) at 3 days after infection.The pathological changes of C57BL/6 mice were also more obvious than other two strains.Compared with other two mouse strains, the weight recovery of BALB/c mice was the slowest.The survival rate in BALB/c mice was higher than that of C57BL/6 mice and lower than that of ICR mice.The lung index and viral load were not significantly different among the three strains of in-fected mice.The pathological changes among the three strains of infected mice were similar, but the degrees of pathological changes in the BALB/c mice were milder than in the C57BL/6 mice and worse than in the ICR mice.Compared with other two mouse strains, the process of disease is similar, but the body weight, mortality, lung index, viral load, and the micro-scopic pathological changes were lighter in the ICR mice than in the other two strain mice.Conclusions The three strain mouse models can be established by influenza virus aerosol inhalation, but showing different characteristics.Appropriate strain mice can be chosen to build model according to different research purpose in the experiment.

ObjectiveTheaimofthisstudywastoprovideabetterpositivecontrolforallergictestbycomparing the allergic effect of two kinds of positive materials , human albumin and ovalbumin , on active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pig.Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 14 groups, and were given human albumin , ovalbumin (2, 10, 100 mg/animal), or 0.9%sodium chloride injection as test substances , to assess the symptoms and incidence of systemic allergic responses induced by different sensitizing substances in different challenge doses and different challenge intervals.Results In the range of 2 to 100 mg/animal, the guinea pigs showed a 100%incidence rate of positive allergic reaction to human albumin and ovalbumin , the severity of anaphylactic symptoms was increasing along with the increase of sensitizing doses and challenge doses , and the allergic reaction was more strong induced by the same dose of ovalbumin than human albumin .Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs , we recommend ovalbumin as the positive control in a dose of 2 mg/animal.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind(TOM) in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed by using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and Faux Pas task involving ToM socialperceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls in task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F =278.756,P＜ 0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux Pas Questions:29.0 ± 4.0 vs.41.2±4.4,F=81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the Faux Pas showed no significant difference as compared to health controls group (F=3.508,P=0.069;F=1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

AIM:To observe the postoperative effect of the application of expanded artery island skin flap on the treatment of injuries of face.METHODS:Totally 20 patients,who were treated with expanded artery island flap transplantation for face injury at Cosmetic and Plastic Institute,Weifang Medical College,were selected between January 1997 and September 2004.Patients knew the trial and agreed to participate in it.All patients received two phases operation:During the first period of the treatment,according to the different characteristics and requirements of the patients,suitable expander was implanted and water was input regularly.During the second period,the expanded island skin flap was used to cure the injuries on the face or do organ reconstruction.The skin flap was 2.5 cm? 3.5 cm-5.0 cm?7.5 cm,and vessel pedicle was 12.5 cm at most.Follow up was done regularly after operation.RESULTS:A total of 20 patients were involved in the result analysis,no drop out.Follow-up was done for 6-24 months in 20 patients.There were 4 cases of at least 6 months and less than 12 months,7 cases of at least 12 months and less than 18 months,9 cases of at least 18 months and less than 24 months.After expandor implantation in the first period,the expanded skin received skin repair or organ reconstruction in the second period.The healing of the injuries was good and scars of the skin and organ displacement were not clearly seen.Their function was recovered well and shape was ameliorated.CONCLUSION:The expanded island skin flap can provide comparatively large-region flap and long vessel pedicle to increase the angle and flexibility of flap rotation,and make the repair looks closer to the normal area.