Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),AKT,TSC1/2,and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling cascade involves many cellular processes including apoptosis,growth,proliferation and differentiation,This pathway has been found to be the most variable one in human tumors.As tumor is a poorly differentiated disease,this review examines the role of the PI3K-AKT signal pathway in cell differentiation and tumor development.

There are more prognostic factors affecting the patients with cerebral hemorrhage, including bleeding volume, bleeding site, cause of bleeding, and blood pressure regulation during acute phase. Among them, the regulation of blood pressure during acute phase is a man-controlled important factor. However, the ideal blood pressure level has not yet to he determined at present. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to determine the exact time window of blood pressure management in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage during acute phase and the range of blood pressure control.

Objective: To observe the effects on morphology of middle turbinate and olfaction in trasnasal endoscopic sinus surgery and conventional technique in surgery in chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps (stage Ⅰ，Ⅱ)。 Methods: Two groups patients (85 cases, 163 sites) from September 1979 to September 1999 were examined by coronal CT scans of sinus, nasal endoscopy and olfctory test preoperative and postoperative. Of these patients, 52 cases (101 sites) were operated by transnasal endoscopic sinus surgery, 33 cases (62 sites) were operated by conventional technique in surgery respectively. Management of middle turbinate was divided into reserving and resecting two way. Results: In group of endoscopic sinus surgeries (52 cases, 101 sites), the rates of cure, improved and ineffective were 64.4% (65/101), 29.7%(30/101), 5.9%(6/101) respectively by following 6 months; and returning to normal rates of middle turbinate were 63.1% (41/65), 30.0% (9/30), 0.0% (0/6) respectively; and the returning to normal rates of olfaction were 66.2% (43/65), 36.7% (11/30),0.0%(0/6) respectively; the returning to normal of middle turbinate were 47.4%( 9/19),3.3%(1/13),0.0%(0/13) respectively; the returning to mormal rates of olfaction were 63.2%(12/19),23.3%(7/30),0.0%(0/13) respectively.Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps can solve ostiomeatal complex anomalism more effectively and raise the cure rates of sinusitis (stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ) than conventional technique in surgery. The morphology middle turbinate and olfaction returned to normal affected directly sinusitis curative rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of ZEB1 (Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) gene knockdown on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs).Methods Primary mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from human adipose tissue by collagenase digestion and identified by immunological phenotype and differentiation potential of osteogenic and adipogenic lineages .The siRNA was trans-fected into hADSCs by lipofectamine 2000 .The expression of ZEB 1 and key proliferation , cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot at mRNA and protein level respectively .The cell proliferation capacity was assessed by MTS .The apoptosis and cell cycle of hADSCs were evaluated by flow cytome-try.Results The ZEB1 expression at mRNA and protein level was significantly decreased in si-ZEB1 transfection cells as compared to transfection with si-NC.Inhibition of ZEB1 decreased the cell proliferation ability , and signifi-cantly inhibited the expression of cell proliferation related genes, including CCND1, MKI67, MYC and PCNA.After transfection with si-ZEB1 , the percentage of cells in G1 phase increased from 50.17% to 58.94%, and S phase and G2 phase decreased by 6.16% and 2.07% separately.Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate increased by 10.2%, the expression of apoptosis related genes TP53 and BAX was up-regulated , and the expression of anti-ap-optotic genes MCL1 and BCL2 was down-regulated in si-ZEB1 transfection cells as compared to transfection with si-NC.Conclusions ZEB1 may play an important role in promoting hADSCs proliferation , cell cycle progression and inhibit their apoptosis .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome ,and to observe its adverse reaction .Methods 62 cases with primary nephrotic syndrome were randomly divided into the two groups .32 cases in the treatment group were given methylprednisolone combined with prednisone ,30 cases in the control group were given prednisone therapy .Adreno-corticotropic hormone ( ACTH) and cortisol (Cr) in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA);plasma albumin,urine protein,creatinine,ala-nine aminotransferase ( ALT) ,blood uric acid were measured by conventional laboratory methods;bone mineral densi-ty was measured by bone mineral density machine .Results The curative effect of complete remission and partial remission between the two groups had no significant difference (χ2 =1.56,P>0.05).After treatment for 10 months, the concentrations of ACTH and Cr between the two groups had no significant differences (t=5.45,P>0.05).After treatment,the contents of plasma albumin in the two groups were (36.5 ±5.5)g/L,(36.7 ±5.9)g/L),the contents of urinary protein in the two groups were (1.5 ±1.1)g/24h,(1.6 ±1.5)g/24h.Before treatment,those in the two groups were albumin (25.7 ±3.3)g/L,(26.3 ±3.5)g/L,urinary protein (5.5 ±3.0)g/24h,(5.8 ±3.5)g/24h, the differences were significant (t=11.45,12.15,all P<0.05);The time of urinary protein changed to negative in the treatment group was 6 days,which was significantly shorter than 8 days in the control group ( Log Rank=10.56, P<0.05);The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 40%(13 cases),which was significantly higher than 26.6%(8 cases) in the control group (χ2 =23.11,P<0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment can shorten the time of urinary protein changed to negative ,but during the treatment ,it may increase adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome .

Objective To construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by XTP3 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization technique in order to clone genes associated with transactivation. Methods mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells transfected by pcDNA3.1(-)-XTP3 and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector respectively, and then cDNA was synthesized. After restriction enzyme Rsa Ⅰ digestion, small sizes cDNAs were obtained. Then tester cDNA was divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2 respectively. After being hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent two times of nested PCR, tester cDNA was subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E.Coli strain JM109. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR. Results The amplified library contained 30 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that 23 clones contained 200-1 000bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed also. It was found that 20 kinds of known and 2 kinds of novel cDNA sequences may be target genes transactivated by XTP3 protein. Conclusion The subtractive library of genes transactivated by XTP3 protein was constructed successfully. It provides a foundation for the further research on pathogenesis of the viral proteins.

Objective To study the effects of intestinal trefoil factor(ITF) on inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and NO density in neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC). Methods Forty neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A, NEC+ ITF 0.5 mg; Group B, NEC+ ITF 0.2 mg; Group C, NEC+ N.S 0.5 ml; Group D, NEC+ N.S 0.2 ml; Group E, normal control. NEC model was established as following method: one-day old Wistar rats were put into 100%carbon dioxide for 5 min and then 100% oxygen for 5 min before returned to their mothers. This was done once daily for 3 days. On the 4th day, all rats were sacrificed and the intestinal tissue located at the boundary of ileum and cecum was obtained for histological examination by HE staining and iNOS, TNF-? and NO level by immunohistopathology. Results iNOS was found negative in group A, B and E, but positive in group C and D. The density of TNF-? were significantly decreased in group A[(30.515?2.731) pg/mg?pro] and B[(32.229? 4.978) pg/mg?pro] than that in group C[(39.957?8.283) pg/mg?pro] and D[(39.960?8.374) pg/mg?pro, P 0.05)]. The density of NO were significantly decreased in group A[(0.37?0.07) ?mol/mg tissue] and B[(0.54?0.08) ?mol/mg tissue] than that in group C[(0.76?0.01) ?mol/mg tissue] and D[(0.82? 0.04) ?mol/mg tissue ( P 0.05)]. The TNF-? and NO expression showed no difference among group A and B, group C and D. The pathological lesions indicate that severe intestinal tissue necrosis in group C and D, and mild in group A and B. Conclusions Intestinal inflammation could be ameliorated after ITF injection hypodermically or intraperitoneally. ITF may provide a brand-new way for the management of NEC in neonatal rats.

Objective To analyze the causes of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) relat-ed infections, study the types of pathogens and their drug sensitivities in order to supply evidence for clini-cal medication. Methods 110 cancer patients were analyzed for PICC related infections and blood sam-pies underwent bacterial culture. Results Of 110 cases of cancer patients, catheter-related infections were found in 11 patients (10.00%), including 9 cases of local infection (8.18%), and 2 cases of hemato-ge-nous infection (1.82%). Catheter-related infections were not associated with gender, age, types of catheter, venous selection, and the inserted length of intravenous catheter. Catheter- related infections were likely to be associated with the indwelling time of catheters. Conclusions To avoid the infections related to long-term PICC, strict aseptic operation and standardized maintaining procedures are required.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of thumbtack needles combined with pediatric Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) for constipation in children caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation.Methods: A total of 60 children with constipation caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation were randomly divided into a combined group and a Tuina group, with 30 cases in each group. The cases in the Tuina group were treated with pediatric Tuina, while those in the combined group were treated with additional thumbtack needle therapy. We observed the clinical efficacy and the change in the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the cure rate and the total effective rate in the combined group were higher than in the Tuina group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week in both groups increased after treatment (P<0.05). With the progression of treatment, the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week increased in both groups, and the number in the combined group was more than that in the Tuina group, showing statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Thumbtack needles combined with pediatric Tuina is more effective than pediatric Tuina alone in the treatment of constipation in children caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation.

Objective To establish a method of gas chromatography with head-space sampling for determination of five residual solvents ( acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, dichloromethane, acetonitrile ) in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride. Methods Agilent DB-624 capillary column(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0 μm)was used,with FID served as detector and DMF as the solvent. Results Linear relationships were obtained for the 5 residual solvents in their respective concentration ranges ( r=0.999 6-0.999 9,n=5) ,and the detection range was from 0.071 to 0.847μg. The stabilities measured as relative standard deviations ( RSD) for the 5 residual solvents were from 0.40% to 2.12% ( n=3) . The average recovery rates were 99.03% to 103.33%,and RSD were 0.54% to 3.41% ( n=3) . Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the residual solvent analysis in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride.