Objective To test the reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in patients with hypertension.Methods It used international physical activity questionnaire and PA diary to evaluate the physical activity of patients with hypertension.Results The two re-test coefficients of IPAQ were related in hypertensive patients with different blood pressure level and physical activity.The energy consuming of different level of physical activity and total physical activity was correlated to each dimension of IPAQ.The first Spearman coefficient was 0.27～0.61,0.28～0.58 for the second time.Conclusions IPAQ had better reliability and validity,and could be used in hypertensive patients.

In recent years,with the development of molecular biology,people gradually realize the tumor is composed of a series of development of the molecular mechanisms that trigger.The progress of targeted therapy for cancer patients brings new hope.Cetuximab through competitive combination with growth factor receptor blocking selective the growth of tumor cells,and achieved significant results.This is cetuximab in colo rectal cancer research progress of targeted therapy are reviewed in this paper.

This study was aimed to analyze the similarities of characteristics between members of“metal family” in the five elements. Wittgenstein’s family resemblance theory was used in the analysis of members assigned to the category of“metal family”, which included metal, autumn, west, white, pungent and lung. The results showed that there was family resemblance between members of“metal family”. It was concluded that members were classified into the category of“metal family” through analogical reasoning of family resemblance. Any member to be classified as a member of“metal family” showed similarity with at least one of other family members. Certain member in the“metal family” had similarities in different aspects with multiple members in the family. Any two members of“metal family” may not always have any similarities. It can be deduced that certain physiological functions of lung were not owned by the lung itself, but by the characteristics of“metal family”. The range of“metal family” can be expanded and multiplied. The“metal family” can build new members in different areas.

Endomyocardial Fibrosis ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology

Objective To translate Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) into Chinese,analyze and selected items,and then test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of PPUS initially.Methods 210 parents of hospitalized children were recruited for the investigation.Frequency analysis,dispersion degree analysis,correlation analysis and so on were applied to analyze and select items.Internal consistency test,Pearson correlation analysis and exploratory factor analysis etc.were applied to test reliability and validity of the scale.Results The final Chinese version of PPUS contained 28 items.The Cronbach α and parity split-half reliability coefficients were 0.844 and 0.835; The Cronbach α coefficient of 4 dimensions ranged from 0.537 to 0.770.The item-total scale correlation coefficient ranged from 0.300 to 0.737.Item-dimension correlation coefficients ranged from 0.376 to 0.762.Item-other dimension correlation coefficients ranged from 0.028 to 0.514.Dimension-total scale correlation coefficients ranged from 0.480 to 0.863 and those between dimensions ranged from 0.226 to 0.536.In the content validity assessed by experts,I-CVI ranged from 0.75 to 1.00,S-CVI/Ave was 0.928.Four-factor model was performed in the principal component analysis and they explained for 41.401％ variances.The maximum factor loading of all items were higher than 0.3,and most of items had adequate loadings in related dimensions.Conclusions Chinese version of PPUS had appropriate reliability and validity as an assessment tool for parental uncertainty in illness of hospitalized children' parents.

Objective To explore the factors of treatment adherence for patients with hypertension.Methods Data were collected among 520 patients with essential hypertension from 2009 to 2010.It investigated the factors of treatment adherence for patients with hypertension by self-report scales.Results Structural equation model analysis showed age,self-rated health,self-eificacy,quality of life,family function and health concept were all directly associated with treatment adherence,and these variables explained 52.0％ of the total variance.Self-efficacy and quality of life were regarded as mediators in predicting treatment adherence of hypertensive patients,other variables indirectly affected adherence behavior by two mediators.Age and self-efficacy showed a strong independent predictive role to adherence.Conclusions Healthcare providers should take effective measures to improve treatment adherence for patients with hypertension based on patients characteristic once they make reasons for adherence clear,which can enhance quality of life,control blood pressure and prevent complications.

ObjectiveTheaimofthisstudywastoprovideabetterpositivecontrolforallergictestbycomparing the allergic effect of two kinds of positive materials , human albumin and ovalbumin , on active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pig.Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 14 groups, and were given human albumin , ovalbumin (2, 10, 100 mg/animal), or 0.9%sodium chloride injection as test substances , to assess the symptoms and incidence of systemic allergic responses induced by different sensitizing substances in different challenge doses and different challenge intervals.Results In the range of 2 to 100 mg/animal, the guinea pigs showed a 100%incidence rate of positive allergic reaction to human albumin and ovalbumin , the severity of anaphylactic symptoms was increasing along with the increase of sensitizing doses and challenge doses , and the allergic reaction was more strong induced by the same dose of ovalbumin than human albumin .Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs , we recommend ovalbumin as the positive control in a dose of 2 mg/animal.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of interapleural talc on the patients with malignant pleural effusion.Method There were 44 patients with malignant pleural effusion in the study.Every cases was inserted a chest drain to release the effusion with the rate of 200 ml per 2 hours.When there was no evidence of fluid in the pleural space as assessed by plain chest roentgenography,the talc slurry containing 4 g talc、40 ml of saline solution (0.9%) and 5 ml of 2% lidocaine was injected via the intercostal drain into the pleural space.An additional 20 ml of saline solution was used to flush the drain.Then,the drain was clamped,and the patient was asked to change position to allow adequate distribution of talc.After 2 hours,the drain was opened again.When the drainage decreased to less than 150 ml per 24 hours,the chest drain was removed.Result complete success was observed in 36 cases (81.8%),partial success in 6 cases (13.7%),and ineffective success in 2 cases (4.5%).There were 21 (47.7%) and 24 (54.4%) cases experienced pleuritic pain and fever after talc pleurodesis respectively,1 cases suffered from respiratory insufficiency which controled by using glucocorticoid later.Conclusion The talc pleurodesis is an effective treatment for the patients with malignant pleural effusion.It is safe and easily performed,and should be used extensively in clinic.

Objective To establish a method of gas chromatography with head-space sampling for determination of five residual solvents ( acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, dichloromethane, acetonitrile ) in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride. Methods Agilent DB-624 capillary column(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0 μm)was used,with FID served as detector and DMF as the solvent. Results Linear relationships were obtained for the 5 residual solvents in their respective concentration ranges ( r=0.999 6-0.999 9,n=5) ,and the detection range was from 0.071 to 0.847μg. The stabilities measured as relative standard deviations ( RSD) for the 5 residual solvents were from 0.40% to 2.12% ( n=3) . The average recovery rates were 99.03% to 103.33%,and RSD were 0.54% to 3.41% ( n=3) . Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the residual solvent analysis in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride.

This study was aimed to investigate renal protective effects and mechanism of Gui-Zhi(GZ) decoction in hyperuricemic mice.Potassium oxonate was used to induce hyperuricemia mouse model.Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups,which were the blank control group,model group,allopurinol group (5 mg·kg-1) and GZ decoction group (900,1 799 and 3 598 mg·kg-1).Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of renal tissues in mice.Commercial assay kits were used to measure levels of uric acid (UA),creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum and urine,as well as the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in liver.Renal protein levels of urate transporter 1 (URAT1),glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9),ATP-binding cassette G member 2 (ABCG2),organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1),OCT2,organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) and OCTN2 were detected by western blot.The results showed that compared with the model group,GZ decoction can obviously decrease serum levels of UA,Cr and BUN,increase urine levels of UA and Cr,resulting in the elevation of fractional excretion of UA in hyperuricemic mice.Additionally,GZ decoction obviously inhibited hepatic XOD activity in hyperuricemic mice.Furthermore,GZ decoction downregulated renal URAT1 and GLUT9 protein levels,upregulated renal ABCG2,as well as OCT1,OCT2,OCTN1 and OCTN2 protein levels in hyperuricemic mice.It was concluded that GZ decoction had hypouricemic and renal protective effects in hyperuricemic mice,which might be associated with the reduction of UA production via inhibiting hepatic XOD activity,promoting UA and other organic ion excretion via regulating renal organic ion transporter protein levels.