Magnesium deficiency is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);meanwhile,it may in crease the risk of the occurrence and development of T2DM.Adequate supplementation of magnesium may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has increased over the last decade.Research shows that the microelements including zinc,copper,iron,chromium,and selenium are relevant with the development of childhood MS.This article summarizes the recent advances in the relationship between microele-ments and MS.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind(TOM) in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed by using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and Faux Pas task involving ToM socialperceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls in task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F =278.756,P＜ 0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux Pas Questions:29.0 ± 4.0 vs.41.2±4.4,F=81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the Faux Pas showed no significant difference as compared to health controls group (F=3.508,P=0.069;F=1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To investigate the ability of social cognition in patients with right temporal lobe infarction.Methods Fifteen patients with temporal lobe infarction (TLI) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were examined with the recognition of faux pas and reading the mind in the eyes tasks for assessing the ability of social cognition.Results The TLI group performed significantly worse when compared with the HC group (28.6 ± 6.1,36.4 ± 4.3 respectively) as revealed in the total faux pas-related scores (U =41.00,P ＜0.01).For the control question,there was no significant difference between the TLI group and the HC group (9.86 ±0.35,10.00 ± 0.00 ; U =130.00,P =0.097).In the reading the mind in the eyes task,patients with TLI performed worse than the HC group(17.13 ±6.41,29.75 ±2.07 respectively),and the difference had statistical significance (U =0.00,P ＜ 0.01).But there was no significant difference in gender recognition judgment (30.37 ± 1.16,31.35 ± 1.08 respectively; U =106.00,P =0.129).Conclusions The right temporal lobe involves in social cognition.Moreover,the right temporal lobe not only involves in the verbal related social cognitive processing,but also involves in the no-verbal related social cognitive processing.

Objective To compare the effects of mild moxibustion at different frequencies on sub-health state, and to discuss the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of moxibustion in treating sub-health state. Method Totally 108 subjects were divided by using random number table into group Ⅰ (36 cases), group Ⅱ (36 cases) and group Ⅲ (36 cases). Same acupoints were selected for the three groups, including Guanyuan (CV3), bilateral Zusanli (ST36), and bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP6). A moxa stick was ignited at one end to treat the corresponding points, 3-4 cm away from the skin, making the topical area hot but without burning pain. Each point was treated for 10 min, till the skin flushed. The 3 groups were respectively treated once a day, once every other day, and once a week, 1 month as a treatment course, totally for 2 courses. The Sub-health Symptoms Scale, immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated and statistically analyzed before and after intervention. Result The total effective rate was 87.9% in group Ⅰ, 84.8% in group Ⅱ, and 34.3% in group Ⅲ. The paired comparisons showed that there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05), while group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were both significantly different from group Ⅲ (P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and SOD were significantly increased in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05), but the increases in group Ⅲ were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic efficacy of mild moxibustion for sub-health is related to the treatment frequency, and frequencies at once a day and once every other day both can produce significant efficacies, which are superior to that of moxibustion at once a week.

Objective To explore the diagnesticvalue of the inhalant allergens in patients with allergic disea-ses. Methods The intradermal tests(IT) of 20 types of the inhalant allergens which were supplied by Diagnosis Rea-gent Factory of Beijing Union Hospital were made on 1434 cases with allergic diseases. The samples were divided into two age groups:4～18 year-old(children group,n=318) and 19-80 year-old( adults group,n=1116). Distribution of the inhalant allergens of the two groups was investigated. Results A total of 1434 cases (male :702, female:732) were diagnosed with allergic diseases. There were 8 kinds of allergic diseases. The number of allergic rhinitis was the first place( 1130 cases,78.80% ). The first 9 positive allergens separately were: polyvalent pollen Ⅰ (51.05%),house dust(48.81% ) ,mixed inhalant allergens( 48.61% ), artemisia pollen( 46.86% ), dust mite( 45.19% ) , poly-valent insects(36.82% ) ,spring poLlen Ⅰ(33.99% ) ,ragweed pollen(31.24% ) ,spring pollen Ⅱ (30.68% ). There were 1289 cases(89.89% ) at ]east one type positively on allergens. The 19～40 aged patients were the most in dif-ferent age groups. The difference of positive detection rate of allergens was significant in different quarters ( P<0.01 ). Conclusion The youth and middle aged is easoer to suffer loom allergic diseases. Allergic rhinitis was the most common disease,and polyvalent pollen Ⅰ ,house dust,artemisia pollen,dust mite,ragweed pollen were the main allergens.

Objective To investigate the nutrition statuses of thiamine and riboflavin and their relationship with the antioxidant capacity and blood glucose and lipids levels in the middle-aged and elderly. Methods Totally 314 subjects aged above 40 years old from communities in Shanghai were enrolled. The 3-day survey of 24-hour's diet recall was made to evaluate the daily nutrient intakes using a nutrition assessment software provided by CDC China. Thiamine and riboflavin levels were detected by urine load test. Fasting blood glucose ( FBG), total choles-terol (TC), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were deter-mined by commercial kits. Results The average daily intakes of thiamine and riboflavin were (0. 82 + 0. 36) and (0. 91 +0.48) rag, respectively. The middle-aged and elderly whose intakes of thiamine and riboflavin reached recommended nutrient intake (RNI) level accounted for 11.8% and 17.2%, while those lower than 60% RNI ac-counted for 51.3% and 49. 4%, respectively. Urine load test showed the deficiency rates of thiamine and ribofla-vin were 65.0% and 58.6%, respectively. Compared with the normal group, plasma MDA, FBG, TC, and TG levels progressively increased and SOD activity decreased in insufficient and deficient groups; the plasma MDA, FBG, and TC levels were significantly different between normal group and thiamine deficient group ( P < 0. 05 ).The FBG and TC levels were negatively correlated with the status of thiamine ( r = - 0. 246, r = - 0. 154, P <0. 05). The MDA and TG levels were negatively correlated with the status of riboflavin ( r = - 0. 136, r =-0. 297, P <0. 05). Conclusions The nutrition statuses of thiamine and riboflavin are poor in the middle-aged and elderly in Shanghai. The nutritional statuses of thiamine and riboflavin are positively correlated with the antioxi- dant capacities and are negatively correlated with the level of FBG, TC, and TG.

Objective To study the relationship between trace elements and blood lipids and glucose in Shanghai adults. Methods Totally 245 subjects aged above 18 years from two communities in Shanghai were en-rolled into this study. Blood trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Pb, Mn, and Cd) were examined with atom ab-serption spectrophotometry. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip rate (WHR), and blood pressure (SBP, DBP)were also determined. Results Compared with the normal control group, plasma Fe and Mn levels were signifi-cantly lower while Zn and Zn/Cu levels were significantly higher in hyperlipemia group (P <0.05 or P <0. 01 ) ;plasma Zn, Zn/Cu, and Mn levels were significantly lower while Cu and Pb levels were significantly higher in dia- betes mellitus group (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) . A tendency of lower Mg and higher Cd levels were also found in both disease groups, but there were no statistical significance ( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions The metabolism of trace elements is abnormal in patients with hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus. Intervention of these trace elements disor-der may be valuable in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and faux pas task involving ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed on the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls on task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F=278.756,P ＜0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux pas Questions:29.0± 4.0 vs.41.2 ± 4.4,F =81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the faux pas showed no significant difference compared to health controls group (F =3.508,P =0.069 ; F =1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) viola-ting larynx and trachea .Methods 29 patients with DTC violating larynx and trachea received primary tumor re-section.Among them, 6 patients were with larynx violation , 3 patients with larynx and trachea violation , 16 pa-tients with trachea violation , and 4 patients with anterior strap muscles and skin violation .In addition, 5 patients were type I , 4 patients type II , 9 patients type III , and 11 patients type IV .All patients accepted the total thy-roidectomy.For patients with larynx and trachea violations , 9 received the slashing tracheal surgery ( type I and II) , 15 patients received the window resection and sternocleidomastoid muscle periosteal flap reconstruction , sleeve resection and anastomosis reconstruction , and window resection and gastrostomy .3 patients received total laryngectomy , 2 patients received partial laryngectomy and 4 patients with skin invasion received the reconstruc-tion with pectoralis major muscle flap .Results For these patients , 25 patients were with papillary adenocarcino-ma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma .All patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years.3 cases suffered from recurrence, 2 cases with tracheal recurrence received reoperation .3 cases with lung metastasis received the I 131 therapy, among whom 2 cases achieved the local control of lung tumor and the other one survived with tumor .1 patient died of the neck lymph nodes recurrence .25 patients survived over 3 years.13 patients survived over 5 years.Conclusions For patients with DTC with larynx and trachea violation , we should try our best to eliminate the tumor tissues.For the organs invaded by tumors , if possibly, elimination is also needed .This will eliminate or release the suffocation resulted from bleeding or obstruction .In addition , the function of larynx and trachea can be reconstructed and the life quality of these patients can be improved through the flap reconstruction and trachea anastomosis.Standard endocrine therapy and nuclear medicine therapy contribute to the prognosis improvement .