Objective To describe the citations of non-experimentsl nursing research papers in China,to reflex the academic level of non-experimental nursing research papers and the utilization of reseachers to literature information. Methods 2547 non-experimental nursing research papers were manually searched out from 466 issues of two kinds of core nursing journals named Chinese Journal of Nursing and Journal of Practical Nursing (which was changed to Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing in 2003) from 1990 to 2006,bibliometric analysis was used to analyze their citations from quantities, price indicator, sorts, resources and languages. Results The quantity of citations per paper was 4.4, which increased over time; the Price indicator was 55.6%; citations to journal predominated(73.4%) and there was a growing trend over time; most citations were to medical journals outside the profession of nursing (59.1%), while citations to nursing increased gradually; Chinese (73.6%) was the language of most of the citations, while the percentage of English citations increased gradually. Conclusions The competence of absorbing information of researchers in China was gradually increasing, their competence of absorbing foreign information needs to be strengthened urgently.

[Objectives] To evaluate characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD) in children younger than 5 years old in comparison with older than 5 years old, and to improve the knowledge of clinicians on KD in older children. [Method] The clinical characteristics and treatment of Kawasaki disease from January, 2004 to May,2011 were analyzed retrospectively and summarized .[Results] A total of 158 patients were included in this study, 39 patients(24.7%) were ≥5 years old and 79 patients(75.3%) were<5 years old. The older children seemed to have longer total fever duration, pre-intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and post-IVIG fever duration and higher coronary artery disease(23.08% vs.8.40%) than the younger children, and the incidence rate of incomplete KD was higher in younger infant. But there was no difference in effect of IVIG ,incidence of conjunctival hyperemia, extremity hardness, cervical lymphadenopathy and rash, etc(P>0.05). There was statistical difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), hemoglobin(Hb) and white blood cell(WBC) count between 2 groups(P<0.05).The expression of inflammation factor in acute phase of older children was higher than the younger children(P<0.05). [Conclusions] Older patients had a higher prevalence of KD and coronary artery abnormalities than the younger patients. The occurrence of coronary artery might be related to more marked inflammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in senile dementia pa-tients,so as to adopt effective nursing measures to reduce the incidence of HAI.Methods Clinical data of 82 senile dementia patients aged≥60 years and hospitalized between January 2011 and June 2013 were analyzed retrospective-ly.Results Of 82 patients,28 (34.15%)developed HAI.The main infection site was lower respiratory tract(n=15,53.57%),followed by urinary tract(n=6,21 .43%).Univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for HAI in senile dementia patients were bedridden,long length of hospital stay ,dysphagia,indwelling urinary catheter,irra-tional use of antimicrobial agents,combined with tumor,and hypoproteinemia (all P <0.05 ).The main isolated bacteria were gram-negative bacilli(n=40,62.50%),the top three pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=12, 18.75%),Escherichia coli (n =10,15.63%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n =8,12.50%).Conclusion Reali-zing the risk factors and common pathogens of HAI in senile dementia patients is helpful for taking effective meas-ures to prevent and control the incidence of HAI .

Objective To explore security and preventive measures of the single medical oxygen cabin.Methods The safety risks of the cabin were analyzed in design,installation,management,usage,maintenance and test with considerations on its characteristics and clinical application,and then some preventive measures were proposed accordingly for safety management.Results Safety management of the cabin had to be improved from the aspects of design,manufacture,installation,patient management and etc.Conclusion Safety of the cabin can be enhanced by management system,operating instruction,personnel awareness and etc.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection (NI) in elder patients with cerebral infarction Methods A retrospective study was performed.Three hundred and two patients over 60 years old with cerebral infarction were selected as our subjects,who were in a cadre ward from Jan.2011 to Jun.2013.The incidence rate of NI and the predisposing factors of NI were investigated.Results Of 302 patients with cerebral infarction,46 cases developed NI and the incidence was 15.23％.The most common site of NI was lower respiratory tract infection,counting for 60.87％ (28/46),followed by urinary tract infection(21.74％ (10/46)).The risk factors of NI included age,prolonged hospitalization,disturbance of consciousness,invasive operation and the use of antibiotics (x2 =5.720,11.517,5.185,4.218,11.931 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical staff should pay close attention to the risk factors of NI in elder patients with cerebral infarction.The methods include controlling the disease as soon as possible,shortening hospital stays,reducing invasive operation and the rational use of antibiotics can reduce the incidence of NI.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulation of lower polypeptide from sea cucumber in mice.Methods Effects of polypeptide from sea cucumber on the immunity were studied by the observation of the serum hemolysins level(HC_(50)),the plaque-forming cell (PFC),the phagocytosis of the phagocytes and the activities of NK cells.Results To compare experiment groups with control group,the enhancement facilitation of HC_(50),PFC,phagocytosis ability of macrophage and activity of NK cell was observed.Conclusion The results indicated that polypeptide from sea cucumber has the function of immunomodulation in mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been reported that taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) as a surrogate factor for atherosclerosis in epileptic patients. METHODS: We searched NCBI (PubMed), ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for studies of the association between AEDs and CA-IMT in epileptic patients. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results across studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies involving 1,775 epileptic patients were included in the analysis. The overall CA-IMT was significantly larger among users of AEDs [mean difference (MD)=0.09 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.06–0.12 mm). When stratified by age, the MD was similar in adult patients (MD=0.09 mm, 95% CI=0.06–0.13 mm), but no significant difference was observed in children (MD=0.03 mm, 95% CI=0.00–0.07 mm). Regarding specific AEDs, monotherapy with carbamazepine (CBZ) or valproic acid (VPA) was associated with a larger CA-IMT, while phenytoin monotherapy was not and the result for lamotrigine was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that using AEDs is associated with the CA-IMT in patients with epilepsy, particularly for adult patients. In particular, CBZ and VPA may be related to a significant increase in CA-IMT.
Adult ; Anticonvulsants* ; Atherosclerosis ; Carbamazepine ; Carotid Arteries* ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Phenytoin ; Valproic Acid

AIM:To investigate the efficiency of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) as radiosensitizing agent for the treatment of lung cancer cells. METHODS:Cell line A549 and GLC-82 originated from human non-small cell lung cancer were cultured in vitro. Study group (2-ME in different concentrations) and control group without 2-ME were set up. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay that lung cancer cells were treated with 2-ME for 24 h,then the cells were exposed from 0 to 8Gy radiation,and the survival fraction was determined by clone forming test. Flow cytometry was used to measure the effects of 2-ME on cell cycle distribution. RESULTS:MTT assay showed minimum effective concentration value was 0.15625×10~(-6) mol/L in GLC-82 and 1.25×10~(-6) mol/L in A549 cells. Compared to control group,exposed GLC-82 cells or A549 cells to minimum effective concentration of 2-ME for 24 h before irradiation resulted in an enhancement of radiation. The protection enhancement factor was 1.98 and 2.06 in GLC-82 and A549 cells,respectively. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle progression demonstrated G_2/M phase arrest in both cells in a dose dependent manner. No obvious change of CDK2 activity in both GLC-82 cells and A549 cells was observed. CONCLUSION:2-ME enhances radiosensitivity by G_2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle.

Objective To investigate the concentrations of indoor radon (222Rn) and its daughter products as well as indoor thoron (220Rn) in selected houses in Yuhang district and Sanmen county,Zhejiang province,and estimate their annual effective doses to the population.Methods Solid state nuclear track detectors were used in selected dwellings in Yuhang district and Sanmen county,and the detectors were placed in bedrooms or living rooms.Without changing the ventilation habits of residents,These detectors were continuously placed from March to September in 2009.Results Indoor 222 Rn and 220Rn concentrations in low-rise buildings were the highest among all types of houses.The indoor concentration of 222 Rn had no relation with the building age (F = 0.53,P ＞ 0.05),but that of 220 Rn was dependent on the building age (F = 3.56,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the investigation demonstrated indoor 220 Rn concentrations in houses with no decoration were higher than in the houses decorated (t = 2.33,P ＜0.05).The average indoor concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn in Yuhang district were 32.5 Bq/m3 and 314.3 Bq/m3,respectively,and the annual effective doses were 0.88 mSy and 0.42 mSv respectively.The average indoor concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn in Sanmen county were 26.8 Bq/m3 and 399.5 Bq/m3,and the annual effective doses were 0.72 mSy and 0.53 mSv respectively.Conclusion The concentrations of indoor 222 Rn in some areas of Zhejiang province are at natural background level,and the concentrations of indoor 220Rn in rural areas are relatively higher.The total annual effective dose from 220Rn and its progeny was larger than that from 222Rn and its progeny by 50 percents.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hearing results and the effects of the prognostic factors following myringoplasty. METHOD: Retrospective cohort 165 inpatients (175 ears) with preoperative conductive hearing loss were analyzed using multiple linear regression statistical analysis. They have undergone sandwich temporalis fascia myringoplasty between January 1999 and November 2003. Patients have been followed-up for more than 2 years. RESULT: The average air-bone gap improvement for all 175 myringoplasty procedures was 7.1 dBHL. Multiple linear regression statistical analysis was subsequently carried out on these prognostic factors on hearing outcomes and yielded the following relative importance of the predictive is as follows: mean preoperative air conduction threshold, duration of dry ear, duration of disease, age. There is a strong correlation between subjective audition and pure tone threshold audiometry. CONCLUSION A relatively better preoperative hearing, a relatively longer duration of dry ear, a relatively shorter duration of disease and a relatively younger age were found to be significant prognostic factors influencing the postoperative air-bone gap improvement of myringoplasty. Subjective audition improvement coupled with objective pure tone threshold audiometric improvement.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Child ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myringoplasty ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult