To explore the impact of Salmonella on Enterococcusfaecalis isolate N41 under the coexisting,the growth traits and the transcription of 26 virulence genes of N41 at various growth phases were detected.Salmonella and/or N41 were inoculated and done plate counting,then growth curves were drawn and bacterial total RNA were extracted at given time points,quantitive realtime PCR was used to analyze the RNA transcription levels of 26 virulence genes of N41.The result showed that comparison with single incubation,the bacteria concentration of N41 dropped about 3.9 times,and Salmonella dropped about 110-times.Among 26 virulence genes of N41,the RNA transcription levels of 12 virulence genes such as ebpA,ebpC,rnjB,ace,ebpR,psr and so on were promoted at the four growth phases,but the RNA transcription levels of SlyA and sprE were dropped.Except that the RNA transcription levels of CylL-S,CylL-L,efaA and AS had no significant changes at the four growth phases,the mostly rest genes increased dramatically at post-log phase.This indicated that when incubated together,N41 inhibited the growth of Salmonella significantly,and Salmonella promoted the transcription levels of virulence genes of N41 as a whole.The results lay a foundation for further research on the interaction between bacteria species and the pathogenicity mechanism of Enterococci.

Objective: To study the effect of the modified preparation method with root canal flushing of different solutions on the anti-fracture properties of mechanical nickel-titanium filings. Methods: A transparent resin model of root canal was established. ProTaper Universal (PTU F1) instrument was used to prepare the root canals. The number of prepared root canals by each PTU F1 with the various solutions(n = 20) was recorded and compared among groups. Results: 6. 13 ± 3. 52 root canals were prepared in distilled water group, 6. 25 ± 1. 76 in 0. 9％saline group, 6. 27 ± 2. 07 of 0. 2％ chlorhexidine group, 6. 88 ± 3. 21 in 1％ sodium hypochlorite group, 4. 31 ± 2. 34 in 5％ sodium hypochlorite group and 3. 26 ± 2. 08 in dry drilling group. The number between each 2 of distilled water, 0. 9％saline group, 0. 2％chlorhexidine group and 1％ sodium hypochlorite group, and the number between 5％ sodium hypochlorite group and dry drilling group was not statistically significant(P＞ 0. 05). The number of prepared root canals in the first 4 groups was more than that in the latter 2 groups(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: Distilled water, 0. 9％ saline, 0. 2％ chlorhexidine or 1％ sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation can improve mechanical nickel-titanium instrument for fatigue resistance in root canal preparation, but 5％ sodium hypochlorite and dry drilling can not.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of mitomycin C in reducing hypertrophic scar in rat traumatic osteomyelitis model.Methods A total of 120 Wistar rats were divided into control group (Group A,n =40),traumatic osteomyelitis group (Group B,n =40),traumatic osteomyelitis treated with Mitomycin C group (Group C,n =40),according to the random number table.The model of traumatic osteomyelitis was produced by Staphylococcus aureus.Muscle tissues around the focus were harvested at 15 d and 30 d postinjury.HE staining was used to observe the changes of muscle tissue structure.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.Masson staining was used for collagen deposition evaluation.Western blot was used for detection of levels of TGF-β1 and collagen Ⅰ.Results HE staining revealed consistent alignment of fibers within the muscle in Group A.Fibrosis with the muscle was observed in both Group B and C,but the degree of muscle fiber disorder was decreased in Group C compared to Group B.Either 15 d or β0 d after injury,expressions intensity of TGF-β1,collagen fraction volume,and activation levels of TGF-β1 as well as collagen Ⅰ were higher in Group B and C than Group A,and all parameters were decreased in Group C compared to Group B (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mitomycin C can reduce hypertrophic scar formation in traumatic osteomyelitis model,and the potential mechanism relates to downregulated TGF-β1 and collagen Ⅰ.

Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been accepted worldwide as safe and effective. Despite the growing acceptance of AS in the management of low-risk PTMCs, there are barriers to AS in real clinical settings, and it is important to understand and establish appropriate AS protocol from initial evaluation to follow-up. This article provides a review of the relevant research on AS of low-risk PTMC, discusses new developments and remaining issues in the treatment of low-risk PTMC, in order to provide reference for clinical application.

The development of neuroimaging has led to a high diagnostic rate of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).The hemorrhage transformation (HT) and clinical prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with CSVD have become hot topics in recent years.Relevant studies have shown that different subtypes of CSVD may have different influences in HT and clinical prognoses in AIS.In clinic,each subtype of CSVD may not exist alone in one patient,therefore,some scholars put forward the concept of total burden of CSVD to further quantitatively assess the severity of CSVD in the whole brain and their effects on HT and clinical prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis of AIS.This article reviews the researches on HT and clinical prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis in AIS with CSVD.

Objective To summarize clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexistent with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and investigate risk factors for lymph node metastasis.Methods The medical records of 4 264 consecutive papillary thyroid carcinoma patients who received surgical treatment from Oct 2013 to Oct 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed.The diagnoses was confirmed by histopathological tests.Univariate analysis was performed to identify specific clinicopathologic features of PTC with CLT.Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine whether each clinicopathologic feature was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis.Results In all 4 265 cases,there were 3 059 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) (71.7％),1 010 PTC patients (23.7％) with CLT.909 female patients (90％),624 cases with multifocal lesions (61.8％),422 cases with extra-thyroid extension (41.8％),429 cases with lymph node metastasis (42.5％),and 133 cases with metastatic lymph nodes(LNs) ≥6 (13.2％).The median age was 43 years old and median tumor size was 0.8 cm.Patients with CLT were more females (90.0％ vs.70.2％;P ＜ 0.001),younger median age (43 vs.44 years;P =0.001),and lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (42.5％ vs.50.9％;P ＜0.001).CLT was not associated with tumor size,multifocal lesions,extra-thyroid extension and metastatic LNs≥6 (0.8 cm vs.0.7 cm,61.8％ vs.62.9％,41.8％ vs.42.1％ and 13.2％ vs.14.8％,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).In multivariate analysis,CLT was an independent protective factor for lymph node metastasis (OR =0.713,95％ CI 0.609-0.835,P ＜0.001).In PTC patients with lymph node metastasis,CLT was not associated with lymph node metastasis number (3 vs.3,P =0.300).Conclusions Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was an independent protective factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis.But in patients with lymph node metastasis,the metastatic number didn't decrease.