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BACKGROUND: There are pressure sensors in carotid-sinus, which are very sensitive to blood pressure regulated by ions and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. But it is yet not very clear how different ions regulate the blood pressure through pressure sensors in carotidsinus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different ions at various concentrations outside the carotid-sinus.DESIGN: Self-control experiment.SETTING: Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was accomplished in the Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2000 to June 2001. Totally 18 New Zealand pure strain rabbits were provided by the Aninal Experimenting Center of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were standard grade Ⅱ, of either gender and body mass was (2.0±0.2) kg.METHODS: The rabbits were divided into Na+, K+ and Ca2+ groups according to random numbers, and each group consisted of 6 rabbits. After anaesthesia, tracheal intubatton was performed on the rabbit, and bilateral carotid arteries were separated with carotid-sinus separated on one side and vessel intubatton performed in the other side for blood pressure measurement. Then various concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions were added outside the carotid-sinus with the pipette to make the carotid-sinus completed immersed in the ion solutions. The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition were recorded respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition.RESULTS: After Na+ (0.15, 1.5 mol/L) was added the blood pressure was(97±12), (83±17) mm Hg. It was decreased significantly compared with the basal value (106±14), (105±12) mm Hg (t=2.946, P ＜ 0.05). K+ (0.4 mol/L)decreased the blood pressure significantly [(106±12), (64±13) mm Hg, (t=13.496, P ＜ 0.01)], but other concentrations of K+ were not effective. Ca2+(0.07 mol/L) increased the blood pressure to (113±16) mm Hg compared with the basal value (103±12) mm Hg (t=-3.627, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Na+, K+ and Ca2+ regulate the blood pressure by acting on the carotid-sinus directly. High concentrations of Na+ and K+ possess the effect of decreasing the blood pressure, while high concentrations of Ca2+increases it, which may be an important mechanism of blood pressure regulation.

9.Gene Chip Screening of Related Genes of Shenqi Compound Recipe in Preventing Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Disease

Haiyan ZHU ; Hong GAO ; Baogen GUO ; Fei ZHOU ; Chunguang XIE

Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014;(6):944-948

Objective To investigate the correlation of diabetic skeletal muscle disease with macroangiopathy, and to explore the related genes of Shenqi Compound Recipe (SCR) in preventing and treating diabetic skeletal muscle disease by using gene chip technique, thus to reveal the molecular mechanism. Methods KKAy mice were fed with water containing nitri oxide synthase inhibitor of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME) and high fat diet to induce the macroangiopathy complicated with type 2 diabetes. The experimental animals were divided into normal c57BL/GJ group, KKAy group, model group, SCR group (in the dosage of 14.4 g·kg-1·d-1) and rosiglitazone group ( in the dosage of 1.33 mg·kg-1·d-1) , 15 in each group. The medication groups were administered the corresponding agents for 8 consecutive weeks just as the modeling began. During the experiment period, blood glucose was monitored. At the end of the experiment, the abdominal aorta and skeletal muscle of mice were taken out for the observation of morphological changes, and differentially expressed genes of skeletal muscle between SCR group and model group, and between model group and KKAy group were detected by gene chip technique. Results SCR had an effect on relieving the atrophy, edema, fracture, and inflammatory changes in the skeletal muscle. There were 198 genes differentially expressed between model group and KKAy group, including 119 up-regulated genes and 79 down-regulated genes. There were 70 genes differentially expressed between SCR group and model group, including 33 up-regulated genes and 37 down-regulated genes. In the two comparison groups, 7 genes ( Celsr2, Rilpl1, Dlx6as, 2010004M13Rik, Anapc13, Gm6097, Ddx39b) showed reversed differential expression. Conclusion Diabetic skeletal muscle disease is associated with macroangiopathy. SCR has preventive effect on diabetic skeletal muscle lesion, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of Celsr2, Rilpl1, Dlx6as, 2010004M13Rik, Anapc13, Gm6097, Ddx39b gene expression.