Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein B (ApoB),apolipoprotein A Ⅰ (ApoA Ⅰ) and their ratios and intracranial cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke were enrolled retrospectively.The patients were divided into either an ICAS group or a non-ICAS group based on their vascular imaging data.The blood pressure,blood lipids,blood glucose,ApoB,ApoA Ⅰ,and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratios and demographic data were collected.The differences of the above indicators were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 360 patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke were enrolled.There were 177 patients in the ICAS group (49.2％) and 183 in the non-ICAS group (50.8％).There were significant differences in the constituent ratios of the patients with hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease,as well as the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ApoB and ApoA Ⅰ and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratios between the 2 groups (all P ＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.75,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.93; P =0.035),diabetes mellitus (OR 2.09,95％ CI 1.31-3.32; P =0.002),coronary heart disease (OR 2.68,95％ CI 1.09-6.57; P =0.031),ApoB ≥ 0.84 g/L (0.84-1.00 g/L:OR 2.68,95％ CI 1.30-5.56; 1.00-1.16 g/L:OR 3.95,95％ CI 1.87-8.40; ＞ 1.00 g/L:OR 6.41,95％ CI 2.82-14.49) and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio ≥0.60 (0.60-0.73:OR 1.92,95％ CI 1.14-3.24; 0.74-0.91:OR 1.79,95％ CI 1.06-3.02; ＞0.91:OR 3.30,95％ CI 1.92-5.67) were the independent risk factors for ICAS,while ApoA Ⅰ ＞ 1.28 g/L was an independent protective factor for ICAS (OR 0.39,95％ CI 0.16-0.98; P=0.044).Conclusions The increased ApoB level and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio are the independent risk factors for ICAS,and the increased ApoA Ⅰ level is an independent protective factor for ICAS in patients with acute ischemic stroke.The ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio can be used as a biomarker of ICAS in patients with ischemic stroke in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND:LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as intracelular proteins can induce osteogenic differentiation and promote angiogenesis, respectively. Therefore, their combination is of great significance for effectively inducing the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels.
OBJECTIVE:To study the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels transfected by lentivirus vector carrying LMP-1 and HIF-1α.
METHODS:Reverse transcription-PCR technology was employed to clone LMP-1 and HIF-1α genes, and thegenes were cloned to lentivirus vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1 to construct main lentiviral vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α. Then, Lenti-X 293T cels were transfected with main vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α, packaging plasmid and coated plasmid. After that, lentiviral vectors were packaged to transfect adipose-derived stem cels from rats that were obtained by tissue explants culture and enzyme digestion methods. At 3, 7, 14 days after transfection, reverse transcription-PCR technology was adopted to detect the expression of osteogeic genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin as wel as to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lentiviral vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α were effectively transfected into adipose-derived stem cels. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that from the 7th day to the 14th day after lentivirus transfection, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin al over-expressed. These findings indicate that the combination of LMP-1 and HIF-1α can enhance the osteogenic activity of adipose-derived stem cels.

From the psychology point of view, the stroke patients have the cognitive process from sensation, perception to image and memory on spasticity, limbs synergic movement and normal movement when having rehabilitation. While treating the patients with Bobath or Brunnstrom therapy, the patients' motion perception and thinking memory should be promoted. Because the rehabilitation of body movement and psychological perception activity are influenced each other and inseparable.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) in blood and urine in general Chinese population.

METHODSA total of 18 120 subjects aged 6~60 years were enrolled from 24 regions in 8 provinces in Eastern, Central, and Western China from 2009 to 2010 based on the method of cluster random sampling. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data on living environment and health status. Blood and urine samples were collected from these subjects, and the levels of Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, and Ba in these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of these elements in blood and urine in male or female subjects living in different regions was analyzed statistically.

RESULTSIn the general Chinese population, the concentration of Be in the whole blood was below the detection limit (0.06 μg/L); the geometric mean (GM) of Ba in the whole blood was below the detection limit (0.45 μg/L), with the 95th percentile (P95)of 1.37 μg/L; the GMs (95% CI)of Rb, Cs, and Sr in the whole blood were 2 374(2 357~2 392) μg/L, 2.01 (1.98~2.05) μg/L, and 23.5 (23.3~23.7) μg/L, respectively; in males and females, the GMs (95%CI)of blood Rb, Cs, and Sr were 2 506 (2 478~2 533) μg/L and 2 248 (2 227~2 270) μg/L, 1.88 (1.83~1.94) μg/L and 2.16 (2.11~2.20) μg/L, and 23.4 (23.1~23.7) μg/L and 23.6 (23.3~23.9) μg/L, respectively(P<0.01, P>0.05, and P>0.05). In the general Chinese population, the GM of urine Be was below the detection limit (0.06 μg/L), while the GMs (95%CI)of urine Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba were 854 (836~873) μg/L, 3.65 (3.56~3.74) μg/L, 39.5 (38.4~40.6) μg/L, and 1.10 (1.07~1.12) μg/L, respectively; in males and females, the GMs (95%CI)of urine Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba were 876 (849~904) μg/L and 832 (807~858) μg/L, 3.83 (3.70~3.96) μg/L and 3.47 (3.35~3.60) μg/L, 42.5 (40.9~44.2) μg/L and 36.6 (35.1~38.0) μg/L, and 1.15 (1.12~1.19) μg/L and 1.04 (1.01~1.07) μg/L, respectively (all P< 0.01). Correlation analyses showed that there were weak correlations between blood Rb and urine Rb (r=0.197)and between blood Sr and urine Sr (r=0.180), but a good correlation between blood Cs and urine Cs (r=0.487).

CONCLUSIONThe levels of Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, and Ba in the general Chinese population are similar to those reported in other countries, and there is a significant difference in the concentration of each element among the populations living in different regions, as well as significant differences in blood Rb, urine Rb, urine Cs, urine Sr, and urine Ba between males and females.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Barium ; blood ; urine ; Beryllium ; blood ; urine ; Cesium ; blood ; urine ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rubidium ; blood ; urine ; Strontium ; blood ; urine ; Young Adult

Objective To ohserve the effect of individualized exercise programs on the activity tolerance and life quality of heart failure patients with a preserved ejection fraction.Methods Heart failure patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were randomized to an exercise training group (n=55) or a control group (n =53).Both groups were given optimized heart failure drug therapy,while the exercise training group was additionally provided with individualized exercise training.The LVEFs,6-minute walking distances (6MWDs),Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) scores and adverse events were noted before the experiment and after 12 months of the intervention.Results After one year,no significant differences were found in the groups' average LVEFs or in the ineidence of adverse events,while the average 6MWD and the average MLHFQ score of the exercise training group were significantly better than those of the control group.The average MLHFQ seore decrease (7.8 points) was statistically and practically significant.Conclusion Individualized exercise training can significantly improve the activity tolerance and quality of life of patients with a preserved ejection fraction.It is safe,but the impacts on the ejection fraction are small.

Objective To study the effect of hydrogen on mitochondrial function in cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats. Methods 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(sham group),brain I/R injury group(MOD group),hydrogen treatment group(H2group). 24 hours after reperfusion,the neurological deficit scoring was performed. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(△ψm),permeability openness(MPTP),ROS production rate and mitochondrial swelling were detected. Results Compared with the Sham group,neurological deficit score,MPTP openness,mitochondrial swelling degree and ROS production rate were increased in the MOD group(P<0.01),△ψm levels were reduced(P<0.01). Compared with the MOD group,the neurological deficit score,MPTP openness,mitochondrial swelling degree and ROS production rate were decreased in H2group(P<0.01),△ψm levels increased(P<0.01). Conclusions Simul-taneous intraperitoneal injection of pure hydrogen can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species,protect the mitochondrial function of neuronal cells in the ischemic region after brain I/R,improvement the rat brain I/R after the neurological scoring.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for de novo large coronary vessels. Methods: One hundred and two patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study, there were 104 lesions with the reference lumen diameter of target vessel more than 2.8 mm and patients were treated with DCB in de novo lesions during May 2015 and July 2017 in our center. Coronary artery angiography and quantitative coronary angiography were performed in 82 (80.4%) patients at follow up period ((8.1±1.7) months post procedure). The endpoints were late lumen loss (LLL) at follow up,and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent or target lesion thrombosis at 12 months post procedure. Results: Ninety-eight lesions were treated with DCB only, 6 (5.9%) bailout drug-eluting stent (DES) were used because of severe coronary dissection, 2 patients (2.0%) received revascularization driven by acute ischemic events during hospitalization. Cutting balloons and NSE balloons were used in 65.4% (68/104) and 26.0% (27/104) lesions. The lesion length was (12.57±3.58) mm and the DCB length was (19.87±4.55) mm. The late lumen loss was (0.01±0.52) mm during angiographic follow up. The TLR rate and overall MACE rate was 3.9% (4/102) and 3.9% (4/102) and there was no death,MI and target lesion thrombosis at 12 months follow up. Conclusion DCB treatment for de novo large coronary vessels is effective and safe.

OBJECTIVETo describe the distribution of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in urine samples of generalpopulation in eight provinces of China, to analyze their characteristics of distribution between different region, gender and age-cohorts, and to provide the baseline of themetabolites in the general population.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2010, 18 120 subjects from the general population aged from 6 to 60 years old were recruited from 24 areas among 8 provinces of China mainland by random sampling. The environmental and physical condition characteristics were collected from questionnaires, and urine samples were collected at the mean time. The levels of Zn and Cu in urine were measured using ICP-MS. Data were analyzed by statistical methods to compare the distribution characteristics of Zn and Cu among populations with different ages and genders.

RESULTSTotally, the median of Cu and Zn in urine were 9.28 and 115.47 µg/L respectively; and the inter-quartile range of Cu and Zn were 2.66-16.09 and 35.32-265.15 µg/L respectively. The median of Cu in male and female were 9.90 and 8.60 µg/L (Z=-5.63, P<0.001), and Zn in male and female were 140.44 and 95.27 µg/L (Z=-14.79, P<0.001). The median of Cu among the groups aged 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were 9.30, 10.14, 9.67, 9.33, 8.38 and 8.74 µg/L (χ2=70.94, P<0.001), respectively, and the median of Zn 130.83, 132.07, 139.34, 109.3, 78.74 and 109.51 µg/L ((χ2=146.00, P<0.001), respectively.There was statistically significant differences in urinary Cu and Zn levels between male and female, and among the different age groups.

CONCLUSIONThe Cu and Zn levels and distribution in urine among general population between 2009 and 2010 in China were reported in this article. These basic data in China will provide scientific and reliable reference for further scientific research.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; Copper ; urine ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Zinc ; urine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in whole blood among general population from 8 provinces in China, and to analyze the characteristics of distribution among different regions.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study was performed in 8 provinces from eastern, middle and western China between 2009 and 2010, including 13 110 subjects from 24 regions, and the blood and urine samples were collected. The ICP-MS was applied to test the content of ICP-MS in blood samples, and the results were used to analyze the characteristics of contents and distributions of Zn and Cu among population from different ages, genders and regions groups.

RESULTSTotally, the mean (95%CI) contents of Cu and Zn in blood were 795 (791-799)µg/L and 3 996(3 976-4 015) µg/L, respectively. The characteristics of distribution of Cu content were as followed, the content of males were lower than it of females (male:767 µg/L; female: 822 µg/L, t = -13.302, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Cu in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 860(853-868), 758(748-769), 734(728-734), 782(774-790), 811(795-827) and 820(815-826) µg/L. The differences showed statistical significance (F = 78.77, P < 0.01). The blood Cu content of people in eastern China (800µg/L) were also significantly higher than it in middle (774 µg/L)and western China (782 µg/L) (F = 10.94, P < 0.01). Distribution of blood Zn content showed characteristics as follows: the Zn content was higher in males than in females (male 4 085 µg/L and female 3 908 µg/L, t = 8.78, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Zn in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 3 306 (3 261-3 350), 3 888 (3 839-3 937), 3 948 (3 902-3 994), 4 272(4 228-4 315), 4 231(4 180-4 281) and 4 250 (4 205-4 294)µg/L, which showed significant statistical differences (F = 233.68, P < 0.01). The blood Zn content of people in eastern China (3 938 µg/L) were significantly lower than it in middle (4 237 µg/L)and western China (4 105 µg/L) (F = 53.16, P < 0.01). In addition, the study also compared the relation between content of Cu and Zn and the frequency of eating seafood. The results found that the frequency of eating seafood could influence the content of Cu and Zn (Cu: F = 13.54, P < 0.01; Zn: F = 200.20, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe contents and distributions of Cu and Zn in blood differs among people from different groups in ages, genders and regions. The baseline data of this study provided reliable scientific evidence for further research.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Copper ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluated the manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in blood and urine among general population in China, and thereby to analyze their prevalent features.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2010, a total of 18 120 subjects of general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland, by cluster random sampling method. The information about their living environment and health status were collected by questionnaire, and their blood and urine samples were also collected.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to test the Mn, Co and Mo levels of blood and urine samples, and the Mn, Co, Mo distribution in blood and urine among groups of population in different ages and genders were then analyzed.

RESULTSAmong general population in China, the geometric mean (GM) of Mn concentration in blood was 8.98 µg/L. The Mn concentration in blood among males and females were separately 8.14 µg/L and 9.88 µg/L (Z = -18.84, P < 0.01). The GM of Mn concentration in urine was 0.63 µg/L. The Mn concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.62 µg/L and 0.63 µg/L (Z = -0.67, P > 0.05). The geometric mean (GM) of Co concentration in blood was 0.194 µg/L. The Co concentration in blood among males and females were separately 0.166 µg/L and 0.225 µg/L (Z = -23.04, P < 0.01). The GM of Co concentration in urine was 0.282 µg/L. The Co concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.260 µg/L and 0.307 µg/L (Z = -7.35, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in blood was 0.25 µg/L. The Mo concentration in blood among male and female group were separately 0.27 µg/L and 0.23 µg/L (Z = -5.03, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in urine was 27.7 µg/L. The Mo concentration in urine among males and females were 29.8 µg/L and 25.6 µg/L (Z = -6.31, P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Mn, Co and Mo levels in blood and urine varied by gender and area among general population in China, the study provided basic data evidence for the following Mn, Co and Mo biological monitoring studies in near future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cobalt ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manganese ; Middle Aged ; Molybdenum