Thin study measured dietary intakes in late pregnancy and psychological stress during the period of gestation and examined the roles of diet and psychological stress in pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. Study subjects were 98 pregnant women who delivered infants at 2 general hospitals in Taejon city. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was 14.6+/-4.89Kg. Mean infant birth weight was 3.39+/-0.62kg in males and 3.28+/-0.43Kg in females. Mean energy and protein intake levels were adequate, but mean iron and calcium intakes were only 61.2+/-14.9% and 79.1+/-18.2% of RDA, respectively. Fat intake which constitutes 22.0+/-4.3% of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 22.0+/-4.3% of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 53.7% of total protein intake were moderately high. Though mean energy, fat, animal protein, and meat protein intakes in the low psychological stress group were higher than those in the middle or high stress group, psychological stress did not significantly affect pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. High intakes of nutrients except for dairy protein, iron, and niacin were associated with higher pregnancy weight gain and high intakes of protein and meat protein were associated with higher infant birth weight. It is concluded that dietary intakes during pregnancy has effects on pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight, and psychological stress has no direct effect on them.
Animals ; Birth Weight ; Calcium ; Daejeon* ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Male ; Meat ; Niacin ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Stress, Psychological* ; Weight Gain

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy value of breakfast and its relation to total daily nutrient intake and serum lipid. Dietary intakes were evaluated through the 3-day dietary recalls(interview for 1day and self-report for 2 days) from 333 Korean urban adults aged 20-49 year. Serum lipids in fasting blood samples were measured form 98 of those 333 adults. Low energy breakfast(<15% of daily energy intake) was consumed by 22.6% of males and 18.5% of females. 59.4 of males and 43.3% of females consumed a breakfast of average energy intake(15-25% daily energy intake) ; and 18.1 of males and 38.2% of females consumed a significant contribution to a total daily nutrient intake. The daily nutrient intake except crude fiber and vitamin A, B, B, and C in males and except vitamin C in females significantly increased as the energy value of breakfast increased. The differences in energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were not made up for by other meals. To make matters worse, the satisfactory-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast groups in females. Among serum lipid parameters, TG was negatively correlated with energy provided at breakfast, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a negative correlation with energy and carbohydrates provided at breakfast in males. For females TG was positively correlated with the ratio of carbohydrates to energy at breakfast but negatively correlated with the ratio of fat to energy at breakfast. These results suggest that satisfactory energy intakes at breakfast have positive effects on the adequacy of daily nutrient intake and may positively affect the serum lipid status.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast* ; Carbohydrates ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Vitamin A

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Korean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) education program on oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and serum homocysteine (Hcy) level in elderly Korean women. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study employing non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The DASH group (n=27) underwent the DASH education program for 12 weeks, whereas the control group (n=21) was provided one education session. The survey was conducted before and after the intervention period. RESULTS: In DASH group, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes significantly increased after the intervention as compared to prior to the intervention. No significant differences were found in the control group. After the intervention, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and Hcy levels significantly decreased in the DASH group but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: The DASH education program was effective in reducing oxidative stress and Hcy levels in elderly Korean women.
Aged* ; Antioxidants ; Diet* ; Education* ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; Female ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Oxidative Stress*

Purpose: To identify the effect of a new leadership type by confirming the effect of clinical nurses' grit and nursing work environment on nursing performance and retention intention with the mediating effect of compassionate rationalism leadership in the process. Methods: A proportional stratified sampling method was used with 45 tertiary general hospitals nationwide as the sampling unit. An online survey targeting nurses who have been working continuously for more than one year was conducted from October 14 to November 9, 2022. The final analysis included 1,256 questionnaires. The correlation between the participants' variables was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The mediating effect was confirmed using a regression analysis, and bootstrapping. Results: The compassionate rationalism leadership had a mediating effect on the relationship between grit and nursing performance (F=203.21, p<.001), nursing work environment and nursing performance (F=109.48, p<.001), grit and retention intention (F=149.90, p<.001), and nursing work environment and retention intention (F=25.14, p<.001). Conclusion The compassionate rationalism leadership of nursing managers had a positive effect on nursing performance and retention intention.Therefore, with the development and application of educational programs of compassionate rationalism leadership, it can be used to improve nursing performance and operate an efficient nursing organization.

Carcinoid-type tumorlets of the lung are nodular microscopic proliferation of round and spindle-shaped small cells which originated from bronchial or bronchiolar Kulchitsky-type neuroendocrine cells, which are usually encountered as an incidental finding during microscopic examination of the lungs at autopsy or surgically removed for bronchiectasis or other reasons. We report one case of carcinoid-type tumorlets in the lung which was surgically removed from a patient who had bronchiectasis, and the cells of tumorlets showed immunohistochemical reactivities for markers of epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Autopsy ; Bronchiectasis ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Lung* ; Neuroendocrine Cells

BACKGROUND: Damaged mitochondria are removed by autophagy. Therefore, impairment of autophagy induces the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction in most mammalian cells. Here, we investigated mitochondrial function and the expression of mitochondrial complexes in autophagy-related 7 (Atg7)-deficient beta-cells. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of autophagy deficiency on mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta-cells, we isolated islets from Atg7(F/F):RIP-Cre+ mice and wild-type littermates. Oxygen consumption rate and intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content were measured. The expression of mitochondrial complex genes in Atg7-deficient islets and in beta-TC6 cells transfected with siAtg7 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Baseline oxygen consumption rate of Atg7-deficient islets was significantly lower than that of control islets (P<0.05). Intracellular ATP content of Atg7-deficient islets during glucose stimulation was also significantly lower than that of control islets (P<0.05). By Oxygraph-2k analysis, mitochondrial respiration in Atg7-deficient islets was significantly decreased overall, although state 3 respiration and responses to antimycin A were unaffected. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and V in Atg7-deficient islets were significantly lower than in control islets (P<0.05). Down-regulation of Atg7 in beta-TC6 cells also reduced the expression of complexes I and II, with marginal significance (P<0.1). CONCLUSION: Impairment of autophagy in pancreatic beta-cells suppressed the expression of some mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among the complexes, I and II seem to be most vulnerable to autophagy deficiency.
Adenosine ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Antimycin A ; Autophagy* ; Down-Regulation ; Glucose ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Mice* ; Mitochondria ; Oxygen Consumption ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiration ; RNA, Messenger

We have shown that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was required for the off-contraction in response to the electrical field stimulation (EFS) of feline esophageal smooth muscle. In this study, we investigated whether protein kinase C (PKC) may require the on-contraction in response to EFS using feline esophageal smooth muscle. The contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer. On-contraction occurred in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), suggesting that nitric oxide acts as an inhibitory mediator in smooth muscle. The excitatory composition of both contractions was cholinergic dependent which was blocked by tetrodotoxin or atropine. The on-contraction was abolished in Ca2+-free buffer but reappeared in normal Ca2+-containing buffer indicating that the contraction was Ca2+ dependent. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker, significantly enhanced on-contraction. Aluminum fluoride (a G-protein activator) increased on-contraction. Pertussis toxin (a Gi inactivator) and C3 exoenzyme (a rhoA inactivator) significantly decreased on-contraction suggesting that Gi or rhoA protein may be related with Ca2+ and K+ channel. ML-9, a MLCK inhibitor, significantly inhibited on-contraction, and chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor) affected on the contraction. These results suggest that endogenous cholinergic contractions activated directly by low-frequency EFS may be mediated by Ca2+, and G proteins, such as Gi and rhoA, which resulted in the activation of MLCK, and PKC to produce the contraction in feline distal esophageal smooth muscle.
4-Aminopyridine ; Aluminum ; Aluminum Compounds ; Atropine ; Azepines ; Benzophenanthridines ; Contracts ; Esophagus ; Fluorides ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Pertussis Toxin ; Protein Kinase C ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; Tetrodotoxin ; Transducers

The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction rule for severe illness in adult patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009. At the time of initial presentation, the baseline characteristics of those with severe illness (i.e., admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death) were compared to those of patients with non-severe illnesses. A total of 709 adults hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were included: 75 severe and 634 non-severe cases. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that altered mental status, hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 < or = 250), bilateral lung infiltration, and old age (> or = 65 yr) were independent risk factors for severe cases (all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (0.834 [95% CI, 0.778-0.890]) of the number of risk factors were not significantly different with that of APACHE II score (0.840 [95% CI, 0.790-0.891]) (P = 0.496). The presence of > or = 2 risk factors had a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value than an APACHE II score of > or = 13. As a prediction rule, the presence of > or = 2 these risk factors is a powerful and easy-to-use predictor of the severity in adult patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009.
APACHE ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Predictive Value of Tests ; ROC Curve ; Respiration, Artificial ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index