BACKGROUND: Hair casts(HGs) is a disorder of asymptomatic, firm yellowish white, freely movable accretions which encircles but is not attatched to the hairs. There are two types of HC:The first type, parakeratotic HC, is frequently associated with parakeratotic scalp disorders;the second type, the peripilar keratin casts, in an uncommon type not usually associated with diseases of the scalp and has only been reported in female children. The pathophysiology and origin of HC is poorly understood with only 37 cases reported in the literature. @ ES OBJECTIVE: our pupose was to establish the prevalence of hair cast in schoold children and to determine the predisposing factors of hair casts in Korea. METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-seven students of elementary schools(274male, 263female) were examined. Samples of plucked hair were stained with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and examined under light microscopes. RESULTS: There were 182 patients with HC;Peripilar keratin casts:174(CRSC 165, ERSC 7, IRSC 2); paakeratotic HC:8. In a total of 182 patients with HC, 181 were girls and the incidence of HC in female children was 68.8%(181/263). In girls who tie up or weave their hair, the incidence of peripilar keratin casts was as high as 81.8%(171/209). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the traction to the hair follicle may play a role in the generation of HC, and that peripilar keratin casts are not rare in Korea.
Causality ; Child* ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Scalp ; Traction

No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Polyps*

Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to evaluate the prognosis and response to tamoxifen. The pS2 protein is an estrogen-regulated 60 amino acid protein which was originally discovered following the screening of cDNA libraries in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and is induced through estrogen-dependent transcription of the pS2 gene. The presence of the pS2 protein in breast cancer is considered as valuable as the receptor status, or even more so, in predicting the response to hormonal therapy. We have investigated the pS2 protein expression in 62 cases of primary breast cancer in order to know the relationship between the expression rate of the pS2 protein and hormonal receptor status using immunohistochemical procedures on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Concomitantly, both the estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were examined using the immunohistochemical technique. Positive staining for the pS2 was seen in forty-nine cases (79%) of the tumors. Forty three cases (88%) of the pS2 positive tumors were ER positive and forty one cases (84%) of the pS2 positive tumors were PR positive ; forty six cases (93%) of pS2 positive tumors were positive for ER and/or PR. The pS2 status correlated significantly with the ER (p<0.0001) and PR (p<0.001). The results reveal a close association between the pS2 protein and either or both the ER and PR status.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Gene Library ; Mass Screening ; Progesterone* ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Tamoxifen

1. 39 cases of fractures of the distal femur treated at the Gwang Ju Triservice Armed Hospital during period from January, 1968 to May, 1973 were subjected to analysis. 2. Most common cause of fracture was traffic accident and supracondylar fractures were most common. 3. Of 39 cases, 22 cases were treated by closed method with or without skeletal traction and 17 cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. 4. Closed methods resulted in better funtional recovery after union of fracture. 5. The healing period was 14 weeks in average.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Arm ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Methods ; Traction

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.

Patients with severe congestive heart failure due to rheumatic heart disease generally have both reduced cardiac output and increased pulmonary and systemic venous pressures. A study was therefore made of the use of vasodilator therapy with orally administered hydralazine, which acts on arteriolar resistance vessels and thus reduces afterload. 55 children aged from 4 years old to 15 year old were divided into two groups. Group I received oral hydralazine(4mg/kg/kay in 4 divided doses) in addition to digoxin therapy for mean duration of 10.5 months. Group II received oral digoxin only. The hemodynamic results using M-mode echocardiography, chest X-ray, and EKG between two groups were analyzed. 1) 4(78%) of 55 patients had only mitral valve involvement and another 12 patients had double valve involvement and all the patients belonged to functional class III or IV fo New York heart Association. 2) Left venticular end-diastolic dimensions and the height of R in V6 on EKG were not changed significantly in both groups. 3) Shortening fraction, LPEP/LVET, and RPEP/RVET were markedly improved in both groups, but the degree of improvement in group I was more significant than in group II. 4) 21(80%) of 26 patients in group I showed significant improvement in functional class(t=1.92, 0.05 Adolescent ; Cardiac Output ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Digoxin ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Mitral Valve ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Thorax ; Venous Pressure

PURPOSE: The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appeats to be associated with a progression to less differentiated and hormone-independent tumors. The gain of hormone independency over time even in estrogen receptor-positive tumors has become another obstacle to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. We tried to regain the hormone dependency in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by lipofecting estmgen receptor cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA (pSGS-HEO) was lipofected into estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogen. Then the effects of 17p-estradiol and tamoxifen were studied by counting viable cell numbers after treating the lipofected cell line with either one or together. RESULTS: Culture medium cantaining phenol red, a weak estrogen, has growth advantages compared with culture medium without it. In both culture conditions, cell growth was most profoundly inhibited in 4 days after lipofection with mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA, which was overcome after that day. Tamoxifen, as an antiestrogen, showed a growth inhibitory effect slightly stronger tban combined conditions of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol compared to estrogen-treated group and to control, and the inhibitory effect was lasted 4 days. CONCLUSION: The temporary induction of estrogen receptor by lipofection with pSGS-HEO on estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed negative growth control on these cells by tamoxifen, indicating that liposome-mediated estrogen receptor transfection may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for hormane independent human breast cancers in the near future.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tamoxifen ; Transfection

A statistical comparison of pulmonary artery and pulmonary venous wedge pressure has been made by the correlation coefficient method in 24 children with various congenital heart disease. None of them had pulmonary hypertension above the normal range. During the systolic phase, pulmonary arterial pressure was 2.02+/-2.64mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with poor correlation(r=0.57). During the diastolic phase, pulmonary venous wedge pressure was 2.08+/-2.47mmHg greater than pulmonary aetery pressure with poor correlation(r=-.63). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 0.79+/-1.02mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with good correlation (r=0.96). Therefore, it is concluded that if pulmonary artery is not entered, a pulmonary vein wedge pressure is a useful indication of pulmonary artery mean pressure in selected cases of congenital heart disease.
Arterial Pressure ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Veins ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure* ; Reference Values