No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Electroshock* ; Hypothalamus* ; Mice*

Silicone oil is widely used as a retinal tamponade in the treatment of PVR. But reproliferation of membrane can occur under the silicone oil. Formerly, silicone oil was believed to suppress the proliferation of membrane, but recently, there were reports that silicone oil might actually promote proliferation of membrane, and recommended to use long-lasting gas rather than silicone oil. But it is known that proliferation of membrane can also occur in the eye in which intraocular gas has been used. So a careful study to compare the effect of intraocular gas and silicone oil to proliferation of membrane is needed. Rabbits are divided into three groups. Retinal tears were made in all the groups. in control group, no further surgery was done, and in the other two group, perfluoropropane gas was injected into the vitreous cavity. The intraocular gas was left unchanged(gas group), or it was exchanged with silicone oil 3 days later(silicone oil group). The fundus was examined periodically, and the eyeball was removed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery for histopathologic study with light and electron microscope. Both intravitreal gas and silicone oil were shown to increase the formation of proliferative membrane compared to control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between them.
Membranes ; Rabbits ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils*

It was aimed to investigate the effect of 5-HT2C receptor modulation on the rat behavioral responses induced by 1-(m-chlorophenyl) piperazine(mCPP), a major metabolite of trazodone. The animal activities(ambulation, stereotypy and total activity) were measured for 3 hours following mCPP administration, using an animal activity meter which accumulates the frequency of light beam interruption. mCPP(1-10 mg / kg, i.p.) induced dose-dependent decreases in ambulation and stereotypy, consequently leading to hypoactivity. The hypoactivity induced by mCPP(1mg / kg, i.p.) was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with mianserin(1mg / kg, i.p.), an antagonist with high affinity for 5-HT2C receptor, whereas pretreatment with 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin and ritanserin(1mg / kg, i.p., respectively) was without effect. Furthermore, long-term pretreatment with imipramine(10mg / kg, i.p., b.i.d. for 2 weeks) markedly attenuated the mCPP-induced hypoactivity. Mianserin and imipramine in the absence of mCPP did not increase the animal activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the mCPP-induced hypoactivity is mediated by 5-HT2C receptor, and that selective 5-HT2C antagonists and down regulation of 5-HT2C receptor might be useful for inhibiting the mCPP-induced hypoactivity.
Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Imipramine ; Ketanserin ; Mianserin ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C* ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ; Trazodone ; Walking

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has been controversial since its introduction in the early 1970s. Refinements were made in patient selection, surgical technique, and prosthetic design. Ten-year follow up studies were reported that showed survivorship was slightly less than that reported for total knee arthroplasty but acceptable considering the theoretically conservative nature of unicompartmental surgery. Unicondylar knee arthroplasty can be an attractive alternative to osteotomy or total knee arthroplasty especially some middle-aged women. Approximately all studies with followups of 10 years or greater show that unicompartmental knee arthroplasty will have inferior survivorship to total knee arthroplasty whether from loosening, prosthetic wear, or secondary degeneration of the opposite compartment in the second decade. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in doing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, which was encouraged by easier recuperation, decreased hospital stays, and good functional results. Before doing a unicompartmental arthroplasty, the surgeon should answer four important questions: Is the disease truly unicompartmental? Can this be determined on a clinical examination and standard radiographs, or are more sophisticated studies such as a bone scan or an arthroscopy required? Second, if the patient does have unicompartmental disease are there any specific contraindications to the surgery? What are the limits of fixed deformity in varus or flexion that can be corrected by a unicompartmental replacement? Overcorrection of angular deformities has in the past led to increased wear of the opposite compartment. Therefore, how much should the knee be corrected? What is the minimal polyethylene thickness that is permissible?
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroscopy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Length of Stay ; Osteotomy ; Patient Selection ; Polyethylene ; Survival Rate

Ormocer has organic-inorganic compound polymers. One of advantages of ormocer is reduced polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of contraction shrinkage of composite resins and ormocers. Additionally, the time of each material when there is no further change of contraction shrinkage was analysed. Four brands of composite resins (P-60, Surefil, Z-250 and Denfil) and two brands of ormocers (Definite and Admira) were used. 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 60 seconds of curing times were given. Contraction shrinkage of them were measured using a linometer for 80 seconds. The effect of material and curing time to contraction shrinkage at the time of 80 seconds was analysed by two-way ANOVA. The effect of time to contraction shrinkage was analysed by one-way ANOVA, and the time when there was no further change of the contraction shrinkage was analysed. The results are as follows : 1. P-60, Definite, Z-250 and Denfil had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 20 seconds, and Surefil and Admira had no further change of contraction shrinkage from the time of 10 seconds. 2. Statistical analysis revealed volumetric shrinkage varied among material (p<0.05). No significant difference of contraction shrinkage among different curing times was found, and there was no effect of interaction between materials and curing times to contraction shrinkage. 3. Definite and Admira showed the statistically same contraction shrinkage with those of Z-250 and P-60, which is higher than that of Surefil and lower than that of Denfil (p<0.05).
Composite Resins* ; Organically Modified Ceramics* ; Polymerization ; Polymers

PURPOSE: To introduce the results of surgical methods in tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and arthroscopic exam as useful therapeutic one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 cases with tibial avulsion fracture of the PCL were received surgical treatment and followed up at least 12 months. Clinical results were evaluated with IKDC score and posterior laxity test with Telos device. The posterior approach was performed in 31 cases (19 screw fixation, 12 pullout suture) and arthrosco-pic reduction and fixation in one. Since 1995, arthroscopic exam was performed on the beginning of operation in all cases and combined injury was treated simultaneously. RESULTS: The IKDC scores were A (normal) in 8, B (nearly normal) in 21, C (abnormal) in 2, D (severe abnormal) in 1 and two of C and D showed posterior instability. 7 of 17cases from 1995 had a combined injury and all revealed above B. The result of compar-ison of screw fixation and pullout suture technique showed no difference between them. CONCLUSION: The results were favorable regardless of surgical methods and arthroscopy was useful in diagnosis and treatment of combined injury.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Suture Techniques

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a very rare benign soft tissue tumor with predilection for the fingers and palms of children and adolescents. We describe an unusual case of a calcifying aponeurotic fibroma in old age that circumferentially involved the dorsal and palmar side of the third metacarpal head.We performed a wide excision using two incisions, resulting in satisfactory clinical result. A calcifying aponeurotic fibroma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a calcifying soft tissue lesion occuring in the hand of old age.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroma ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans

PURPOSE: Fixation of fracture using modified tension band is a very useful treatment method, but loss of fixation caused by loosening of K-wires still remain problem. So we have studied the usefulness of modified tension band with looped pin in order to prevent loss of internal fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1999 to June 2002, we had treated 40 patients with this technique, including 16 patella, 8 olecranon, 8 distal clavicle fractures in which three were nonunion fractures, 5 ankle fractures and 3 acromioclavicular joint separations. We looped the pin which has been used for ring external fixator, in line with its long axis. RESULTS: After mean postoperative follow-up of 20 months, there were no loosening of looped pin in all cases and we obtained satisfactory results of functional evaluation. There were no complications of nonunion or metallic irritation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that modified tension band with looped pin could prevent displacement of internal fixation, and reduce the subsequent complications. Especially in elbow and shoulder joint that the displacement of fixation pin occured frequently, It was considered as very useful operative technique.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Ankle Fractures ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Clavicle ; Elbow ; External Fixators ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Olecranon Process ; Patella ; Shoulder Joint