The peripheral neuroepithelioma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from peripheral nerve. This tumor is exceedingly rare and various authorities have estimated its incidence as less than 1% of all malignant tumors of peripheral nerve. As far as our knowledge is concerned, no report on the peripheral neuroepithelioma has been published in Korea. In June, 1985, we experienced a case of peripheral neuroepithelioma that arose in scalp in a 56 year old female. Clinical data and histopathological findings with light and electron microscope of the case were discussed and a brief review of the literature on this entity was made.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUND: Blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening (ALO) are nonparalytic causes of involuntary eyelid closure (IEC). Recently Aramideh (1994) divided the IEC into 5 groups by electromyography (EMG) study, and reported that each group had different responses to Botulinum A toxin treatment. Objective : We looked whether clinical observation can match the EMG, and possibly predict the response to Botulinum A toxiu treatment. Method : Based on EMG study of Aramideh (1994), clinically observable characteristics of each group were defined. One of the authors reviewed the videotapes of IEC and applied the above criteria to make the clinical diagnosis. Other author blinded to the clinical information performed 2 channel EMG of levator palpebrae superioris (LP) and orbicularis oculi (00) muscles, and made the EMG diagnosis. Clinical and EMG diagnoses were matched. Results : Twenty five patients (5 men and 20 women) were included in the study. Clinically, 16 were diagnosed as group I (blepharospasm), 1 as group 111(combined blepharospasm and LP motor impersistence), 7 as group tV(combined blepharospasm and involuntary LP inhibition), and 1 as group V(involuntary LP inhibition). There were no patient in group ll (combined dystonic activities of LP and 00). On EMG study, 14 were diagnosed as group 1, 2 as group ll, 1 as group 111, 7 as group IV, and 1 as group V The mismatch between the two diagnoseis occurred between group I and tV in 4 patients, group I and ll in 2, and group I and 111 in 2. Conclusions : Clinical observations are generally correct in predicting EMG diagnosis. Holvever groups with mixed features(ll, 111, and Iv) are difficult to diagnose by clinical observation only. Usefulness of clinical and EMG diagnosis on predicting Botulinum A toxin response will need to be evaluated. Key Words : Involuntary eyelid closure, Blepharospasm, Apraxia of lid opening, Electromyography.
Apraxias ; Blepharospasm ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Diagnosis* ; Electromyography ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Videotape Recording

Arotinolol was administered orally to 31 patients to evaluate is antihypertensive action. After one week of antihypertensive medication, they were given Arotinolol 30mg daily for 4 week. Routine serum chemistries, electrolytes, urinalysis and electrocardiography were studied before and after Arotinolol. Blood pressure measured in sitting, supine and standing position was 175.3+/-5.4/115.7+/-4.0, 168.0+/-5.2/150.0+/-3.8, 154.4+/-8.5/103.4+/-3.2mmHg in control and 143.8+/-2.8/93.3+/-2.8, 144.6+/-5.4/88.1+/-4.3, 139.7+/-4.6/86.8+/-3.4mmHg in Arotinolol treatment group. The differences between both blood pressure were statistically significant(P<0.01). No laboratory test showed significant difference between both period. There were no significant side effects except 2 cases of transient headache and dizziness respectively, and one case of diarrhea. In summary, Arotinolol apears to reduce blood pressure effectively with minimal side effects.
Blood Pressure ; Diarrhea ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Urinalysis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Rats* ; Skin*

The confirmatory diagnosis of Moyamoya disease has been obtained by invasive angiographic examination. We report the results of MRI and transcranial doppler sonography of three cases ol Moyamoya disease, which ws disgnosed by clinical and angiography. We think that the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease can be made by noninvasive MRI and transcranial doppler sonography without conventional invasive angiography.
Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial*

To evaluate the efficacy of polygexamethylene biguanide(PHMB) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) keratites model, 10microliter of P. aeruginosa bacterial suspension(1x103 colony-forming unit(cfu)/ml) was injected intrastromally into rabbit corneas. Eighteen rabbits(36 eyes) were divided into three treatment groups: balanced salt solution(BSS) group(N=18 eyes). PHMB(0.02%, 200microliter/ml) group(n=9 eyes), tobramycin(14microliter/ml) group(n=9 eyes). Topical antibiotic drops were given hourly from 12 hours after inoculation. A subconjunctival infection was every 24 hours during the first 72 hours. The Severity of keratitis was scored in basked fashion every 8 hours. Corneal buttons were excised and homogenized at the end of the study to determine the viable bacterial counts. In P. aeruginosa keratitis model, tobramycin was statistically more efficacious than PHMB, according the clinical scores at 58 hours(9.9 vs. 15.1, P<0.0001) and log10 cfu(0.54+/-0.21 vs. 4.87+/-1.07. P<0.0001). No differences were found between the PHMB and BSS groups in either clinical scores or bacterial counts. PHMB appears to be ineffective against P. aeruginosa in experimental keratitis model of rabbit.
Bacterial Load ; Cornea ; Keratitis* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa* ; Pseudomonas* ; Tobramycin

Growth Patterns of cranium measured directly as head circumference have been well documented. With the recent progress in CT, it is easy to measure the size and cross sectional area of the structure. The author chose themidvnetricular level of brain CT scan and measured the product of maximum anteroposterior and lateral dimension and cross sectional area. The age of infants ans children was 0 to 2 years old. The author obtained the following results through statistical analysis; 1. The maximum anteroposterior dimension and the cross sectional area were obtained through the computerized program of CT scanner. Using these measurements, monthly growth curve was obtained and which shows accelarated growth in the initial 12 months especially during the first four months, and followd by reduced rate of growth in the next 12 months. 2. Comparing the size of the calvarium between sexed,females' were somewhat larger than males', but there was no statistical significance. 3. Comparing the crosssectional area with the head circumference, high correlation was seen(correlation coefficient=0.96). Similarelationship was also seen between the product of cranial linear dimensions and the head circumference(correlationcoefficient=0.93). Also statistically significant relationship was noted between the cross sectional area and theproduct of the cranial linear dimensions(correlation coefficient=0.97). 4. Using the cross sectional area and theproduct of cranial linear dimenstions, monthly average value and the 95% significant range were obtained which canbe used as indices for the growth and development of cranium. Of these, the product of cranial linear dimensionscan eadily be measured by brain CT images, which may be useful on practical basis.
Brain ; Child ; Growth and Development ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The Objectives of this study are to evaluate the user satisfaction and actual data input time through an enterprise ICNP-based electronic nursing record system using the controlled vocabulary in a secondary care hospital (BSNUH). Study design is a formative evaluation using the QUIS (Questionnaire user interaction satisfaction) self-reported in a secondary care hospital operating EMR(electronic medical record) system in Korea. Participants were two hundred fifty nurses in BSNUH. All of them were registered nurses participated in day-to-day nursing care during study periods. Participants were asked to fill in the SNCEQ(The Staggers Nursing Computer Experience Questionnaire) and QUIS(Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction). Also requested were the data input time(sec) required for entry of approximately 20 times of nursing documentation tasks and the number of standardized precoordinated phrases used for documenting routine nursing records. The mean score of user satisfaction was 4.56 (SD 1.25) and the mean time of data input and the average number of precoordinated phrases used in nurses notes was 2.25min and 3.7 respectively.
Korea ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Records* ; Nursing* ; Secondary Care ; Vocabulary, Controlled

OBJECTIVE: The object of this study was to assess the accuracy of dipyridamole stress intravenous (IV) myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) using pulse inversion harmonic imaging and PESDA in the detection of perfusion defect in the patients with coronary artery disease in comparison with dipyridamole stress Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT. METHODS: Total 46 patients (29 males, mean age 64 years old) were consecutively enrolled. Patients with prior myocardial infarction were excluded. MCE and Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT were performed at the same day during rest and after 0.56 or 0.84mg/Kg dipyridamole infusion. Continuous IV infusion of PESDA (2-5 mL/min) was administered while obtaining triggered (1:1) end-systolic apical 2, 4 chamber and long axis views. Tc-99m sestamibi was injected 3 minutes after dipyridamole. Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT images were obtained one hour later. Coronary angiography was followed within two days in all patients. Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT images were matched to the sixteen segments of left ventricle according to American Society of Echocardiography for segmental comparison. Both images were analyzed visually. Results Using coronary angiography as the standard, MCE showed overall sensitivity of 70.7%, specificity of 95.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 87.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88.5% in the detection of coronary atherosclerosis (70% stenosis). Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT showed sensitivity of 75.6%, specificity of 98.9%, PPV of 96.8% and NPV of 90.6%. The overall concordance rate between MCE and Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT for the detection of perfusion defects was 86.9% (Cohen's kappa value 0.63) according to the coronary territory and 86.8% (Cohen's kappa value 0.55) according to segmental analysis. CONCLUSION: Dipyridamole stress IV MCE using pulse inversion harmonic imaging and PESDA is feasible and comparable to Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT in identifying significant coronary stenosis and inducible myocardial perfusion defects in the patients with coronary artery disease. MCE using pulse inversion harmonic imaging seems to be a promising modality for assessing myocardial perfusion in the patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Stenosis ; Dipyridamole ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans* ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Perfusion* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The main cause of decreased visual acuity in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) are macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage due to retinal neovascularization.We retrospec- tively studied the association of macular edema, neovas- cularization and vitreous hemorrhage according to the vitreoretinal relationship in 51 eyes of 51 BRVO patients. The eyes were classified as having vitreomacular attachment (VMA) or vitromacular separation (VMS) and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) state and studied macular edema and retinal neovascularization development according to the vitreoretinal realtionship. The prevalence of VMA was 37 (72.5%) of the eyes and VMS was 14 (27.5%) eyes. VMA group had macular edema in 75.7% (28 of 37 eyes)and no macular edema was present in VMS group.Those 42 eyes who had partial or no PVD, 35.7% (15 of 42 eyes)developed retinal neovascularization and 9 eyes of complete PVD did not occur neovascularization. Although no significant relationship was found, vitreous hemorrhage developed in 21.4% (9 of 42 eyes) of only partial or no PVD group. VMA and PVD state may influence the presence of macular edema and retinal neovascularization in association with BRVO.
Humans ; Macular Edema* ; Prevalence ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Detachment ; Vitreous Hemorrhage