No abstract available.
Myocutaneous Flap* ; Pressure Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip*

Objective: To investigate imaging biomarkers of microperfusion in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) using contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Materials and Methods: The CIN model was fabricated by administering indomethacin (10 mg/kg), L-NAME (15 mg/kg), and iopamidol (10 mL/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats. After 24 hours, CEUS was performed on CIN (n = 6) and control (n = 6) rats with sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue). From time-intensity curves obtained from the kidney arriving time (AT), acceleration time (AC), time to peak (TTP), and peak enhancement (PE) were measured and compared between the groups. After CEUS, the rats were sacrificed, and cell apoptosis markers were evaluated to confirm the development of CIN. Results: Among CEUS parameters, AT (7.8 ± 1.6 vs. 4.2 ± 0.5 s, p = 0.002), AC (4.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.4 s, p = 0.002), and TTP (12.5 ± 2.9 vs. 6.2 ± 0.6 s, p = 0.002) were significantly prolonged in the CIN group compared to controls. PE was significantly higher in the control group than in the CIN group (17.1 ± 1.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.0 dB, p = 0.004). In kidney tissue, mRNA and protein levels of the apoptotic makers were significantly higher in the CIN group than in the control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002). Conclusion CEUS parameters can be used as imaging biomarkers for microperfusion in CIN. In rats with CIN, AT, AC, and TTP were significantly prolonged, while PE was significantly lower compared to controls.

Objective: To investigate imaging biomarkers of microperfusion in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) using contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Materials and Methods: The CIN model was fabricated by administering indomethacin (10 mg/kg), L-NAME (15 mg/kg), and iopamidol (10 mL/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats. After 24 hours, CEUS was performed on CIN (n = 6) and control (n = 6) rats with sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue). From time-intensity curves obtained from the kidney arriving time (AT), acceleration time (AC), time to peak (TTP), and peak enhancement (PE) were measured and compared between the groups. After CEUS, the rats were sacrificed, and cell apoptosis markers were evaluated to confirm the development of CIN. Results: Among CEUS parameters, AT (7.8 ± 1.6 vs. 4.2 ± 0.5 s, p = 0.002), AC (4.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.4 s, p = 0.002), and TTP (12.5 ± 2.9 vs. 6.2 ± 0.6 s, p = 0.002) were significantly prolonged in the CIN group compared to controls. PE was significantly higher in the control group than in the CIN group (17.1 ± 1.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.0 dB, p = 0.004). In kidney tissue, mRNA and protein levels of the apoptotic makers were significantly higher in the CIN group than in the control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002). Conclusion CEUS parameters can be used as imaging biomarkers for microperfusion in CIN. In rats with CIN, AT, AC, and TTP were significantly prolonged, while PE was significantly lower compared to controls.

The silicone rubber double-J ureteral catheter has been popularized as an ideal internal ureteral stent for temporary or permanent urinary diversion and generally is considered to be free of side effects. We review our use of the double-J ureteral stent in 42 patients during a recent 2-year period. 1. Of 42 patients evaluated, the complicated urologic symptoms were revealed ; frequency in 15 ( 35.7% ) patients, lower abdominal pain in 15, flank pain in 10, gross hematuria in 9, nocturia in 8, dysuria in 7, nausea in 2, fever in 1 and urinary debris in 1. The early removal of stent was required in 5 (11.9% ) patients because of severe vesical irritability. 2. Of 31 patients whom indwelled stent less than 6 months, encrustation was occurred in one patient but stent fracture, encrustation and bladder stone formation were developed in 8 (72.7 %) among 11 patients whom kept more than 6 months. Therefore, despite the undoubted benefit in many patients, troublesome symptoms were common. We recommend that a shorter period of double-J stenting or more frequent catheter changes than 6 months may prevent stent fracture, encrustation and bladder stone formation.
Abdominal Pain ; Catheters ; Dysuria ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Nausea ; Nocturia ; Silicone Elastomers ; Stents* ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Diversion

The corporeal blood gas changes in accordance with the duration of the prolonged erection which developed after intracorporeal pharmacotherapy with papaverine and phentolamine were investigated in 62 impotence patients. The picture of the corporeal blood taken from 15 psychogenic impotence patients (a control group) at 10 minutes after intracavernous injection when they showed full erections was arterial but there was pCO2 rise and pH drop compared to femoral artery blood taken simultaneously. As the erection lasted longer, significant gas changes of the cavernous blood began to appear (p<0.0001): increase in pCO2 and decrease in pO2 from 4 hours, decrease in pH from 5 hours, decrease in O2 saturation from 6 hours. Erections lasting for more than 16 hours showed significantly worse hypoxia (p<0.05). Therefore, to prevent hypoxia and metabolic acidosis, drug-induced prolonged erection would be better decompressed before it lasts for more than 4 hours.
Adult ; Carbon Dioxide/*blood ; Erectile Dysfunction/*blood/drug therapy ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/*blood ; Papaverine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Penile Erection/*drug effects ; Phentolamine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Time Factors

BACKGROUND: As the number of malaria patients has increased in Korea, the number of blood donors who are diagnosed as malaria after donation has also increased. And during 1997~2001, ten cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria were reported. We investigated the transfusion safety of blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. METHODS: For a total of 2,552 malaria patients diagnosed in 2001, blood donation history of past one year before diagnosis was inquired at the beginning of 2002. Then we inquired informations about recipients of the hospitals through the regional Red Cross blood centers. we also inquired development of malaria after transfusion for the recipients in the August of 2002. Malaria antibody test results of donated blood were also analyzed to determine the status of immunity of donors in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon area. RESULTS: Among 2,552 malaria patients, 162 (6.3%) patients had donated within one year before diagnosis and they were all man. Their blood was processed into 292 units of blood components and supplied to 90 hospitals, where it was transfused 286 patients. Among these 286 patients, no one was diagnosed as malaria until time of database retrieving. Among 162 malaria patient, enzyme immunoassay malaria antibody test results of 107 (66.0%) patients were available, and all were negative. CONCLUSION: No one has developed malaria among the recipients transfused with blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. Therefore, the infectivity of blood donated before malaria diagnosis is thought to be very low. As antibody to malaria was not produced in some of malaria patients before diagnosis, this finding could be useful for the study of immunology of malaria infection.
Allergy and Immunology ; Blood Donors ; Diagnosis* ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: Recently there has been a change in the management concept of ureteropelvic junction obstructions (UPJO) diagnosed prenatally. We retrospectively analyzed our experience in treating neonates, with prenatally detected UPJO, to find a desirable therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 neonates (64 kidneys), with prenatally diagnosed UPJO, between 1994 and 2001, were included in this study for evaluation. The patients consisted of 41 males and 11 females. The UPJO was found unilaterally in 40 and bilaterally in 12 of the cases. With all the whole cases, ultrasonography, diuretic renogram and voiding cystourethrography were performed to assess the renal function. Additionally, a 99mTc-DTPA renal scan and monitoring of the glomerular filtration ratio (GFR), were performed in the bilateral UPJO. During the follow up period, including monthly urinalysis, ultrasonography and a 99mTc-DMSA renal scan were performed every 3 to 6 months. Antibiotics were given as a preventive measure. RESULTS: Of the 40 kidneys, a differential renal function above 40% accounted for 36, between 5-40% for 2, and below 5% for 2 of the unilateral UPJO. With the bilateral UPJO, all the cases represented preserved renal function (>40%) and normal GFR. With the unilateral UPJO, pyeloplasty was performed on 23 kidneys (57.5%), and a nephrectomy was performed in 2 (5%). With of the 15 kidneys (37.5%) the obstructions disappeared during the observation period. With the bilateral UPJO, pyeloplasty was performed in 4 kidneys (16.7%), and in 20 (83.3%) the obstructions disappeared during the observation period. Conservative treatment was performed when the differential renal function was above 5%, with no deterioration in the renal function, no febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) and no increase of hydronephrosis. Pyeloplasty was performed on the patients with a recurrence of febrile UTI (19 kidneys), severe hydronephrosis (4) and gradual decrease in renal function (4), during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: With the UPJOs diagnosed prenatally in neonates it seems desirable to wait for the natural disappearance of the obstruction, with conservative treatment, if the renal function is preserved. In cases where there is a progressive loss of renal function, or a secondary effect of the obstruction, pyeloplasty should be considered.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Female ; Filtration ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ; Ultrasonography ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics, responses to negative emotions, and difficulties in emotion regulation between self-harming adolescents and control individuals aged 12–14 years from the community. Methods: Data were collected from adolescents in Chungcheong Province, South Korea, between September 2021 and November 2022.Demographic characteristics and responses to the Depressed Mood Questionnaire and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16) were compared between the self-harm and control groups. Results: The self-harm group exhibited a higher prevalence of child abuse (odds ratio [OR]=4.787, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.591– 14.409, p=0.005) and school bullying victimization (OR=4.495, 95% CI=2.353–8.588, p<0.001) than those in the control group. The selfharm group displayed higher levels of rumination (t=7.88, p<0.001) and reduced distraction responses (reverse score t=2.25, p=0.025) than those of the control group. Additionally, the self-harm group scored higher on all subscales and the total DERS-16 score (t=7.61, p<0.001). Conclusion Interventions for self-harming adolescents should address child abuse and bullying victimization. Prevention programs for self-harming adolescents should focus on reducing rumination responses, increasing distractive responses, and addressing difficulties in emotion regulation using dialectical behavior therapy-skill training.

BACKGROUND: To help medical students learn anatomy effectively in limited hours, a regional anatomy book enhancing students' memorization was developed.METHODS: Only anatomical terms essential for basic cadaver dissection are included along with schematic figures which enable memorization of complicated anatomical structures. Learning comics and comic strips that depict anatomy mnemonics and jokes were appended and sentences were written to be comfortably readable. The electronic book titled “Visually Memorable Regional Anatomy” has been distributed without payment or registration. With the help of 246 volunteer students from three Korean medical schools, the book's learning effects were evaluated.RESULTS: These students' book reading led to increase in their anatomy scores, including written examination scores and tag examination scores. It was an encouraging result that almost 20% of students spontaneously read the book no matter who presented their lecture or examination. A webpage version of the book was visited by thousands of users.CONCLUSION: The book with unique features may suggest a new perspective in the field of anatomy learning. After having acquaintance with essential structures from reading the book, students are able to and willing to study more from other resources.
Anatomy, Regional ; Books, Illustrated ; Cadaver ; Education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical ; Volunteers