No abstract available.
Myocardial Ischemia*

No abstract available.
Hypotension*

We analysed 26 cases of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine who were treaed at Younsei University Hospital during 25 years from January 1952 to August 1977 by operative or conaervative treatment. The diagnosis of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine is not easy and very confused. The cause and entry of the offending organism is mainly by venous drainage from the genitourinary and lower extremity circulation and the next is direct spreading from the adjacent focus. The typical clinical symptom is severe pain and tenderness over the lesion accompanied by febril history and the clinical course is relatively rapid than tuberculosis of the spine. In blood examination leukocytosis is uncommon but it showed relative increase of neutrophils in 62%, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 89%. Radiological findings are narrowing of joint space, erosion and/or destuctive change of vertebral body, vertebral marginal sclerotic change, and new bone formation and less frequently abscess shadow. The results obtained from this study were as follows, 1) The incidence of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine among total cases of the pyogenic osteomyelitis was 2.5% and the ratio of the pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine to the spine tuberculosis was 2.8%. 2) The sexual incidence was in 11 and 15 each male and female. and the avrage, prevalent age was 34 years of age. 3) The pathogenic organism was isolated in 20 cases from the diseased focus during surgical procedure; stapyhloccus in 16 cases, pseudomonas in two and in a case of E.coli and proteus each. 4) The lumber vertebrae was mostly involved, i.e.lumbar in 11 cases, cervical in four, thoracic in nine, lumbosacral and sacrum in one each. 5) The operative treatment was performed in 23 cases and conservative in 3 cases with the satisfatory result in all cases. 6) We conclude that the focal curettage with anterior interbody fusion through anterior approach was better than the conservative treatment.
Abscess ; Blood Sedimentation ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Leukocytosis ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Osteogenesis ; Osteomyelitis ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Sacrum ; Spine ; Tuberculosis

The fractures of the ankle in children are differ from those of adults in terms of the fracture pattern and the possibilities of influence to growth. The injuries of the ankle in children occur mostly at the bony structure rather than ligamentous structure, and some injuries of the growth plate may result in the arrest of entire growth plate or parts of growth plate and these may lead to leg length discrepancy or deformity. Many authors agree that the prognosis of injuries of the growth plate is dependent on the fracture type, the age of the patient at the onset of injuries, the degree of displacement of the fracture fragments, whether the injuries open or closed, and the efficacy of reduction. But the authors can not postulate one uniformed method of classification and treatment of the children's ankle fracture because of the variability of injuries. We have reviewed 35 cases of children's ankle fracture treated at our clinics from Dec. 1979 to Feb. 1984. The results obtained are as follows: l. Over half of the patients were between the ages of 13 and 16 years (54.3%). 2. The incidence of each type as Salter-Harris classification was that of type II(48.6%), type I(20.0%),type III(14.3%),type IV (8.6%). 3. The traffic accidents were the main causes of injury (68.5%). 4. The type I fractures occured mostly under 10 years of age and the type II fractures in adolescents. 5. All the type I fractures were treated conservatively without any complication, and the type II fractures were treated conservatively in 13 cases (76.5%) and operatively in 4 cases (23.5%) with variable results. 6. Overall incidence of complication was 20.0%, consisted with two cases of conservatively treated but not accurately reduced type II fractures, a conservatively treated type III fracture, a triplane fracture, and the others.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Clothing ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery*

Head injury in the youngest age group is distinct from that occurring in older children or adults because of differences in mechanisms, injury thresholds, and the frequency with which the question of child abuse is encountered. "Shaken baby syndrome" has results in intracranial and introcular hemorrhages with no evidence of external trauma. The cause of these injuries is vigorous shaking of an infant being held by the chest, shoulders, or extremities. Severe head injuries commonly diagnosed as shaking injuries require impact to occur and that shaking alone in an otherwise normal baby is unlikely to cause the shaken baby syndrome. "Shaken impact syndrome" has the advantage of being more inclusive of verifiable impact mechanisms and of reflecting the extreme forces that appear to be necessary to produce these often devastating injuries. All clinicians must recognize the wide spectrum of injuries in child abuse to ultimate protect the victim or other children in an at-risk situation. And physicians play an important role in diagnosis, management and prevention of child abuse and shaken baby syndrome.
Adult ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Shaken Baby Syndrome* ; Shoulder ; Thorax

No abstract available

BACKGROUND: Hair casts(HGs) is a disorder of asymptomatic, firm yellowish white, freely movable accretions which encircles but is not attatched to the hairs. There are two types of HC:The first type, parakeratotic HC, is frequently associated with parakeratotic scalp disorders;the second type, the peripilar keratin casts, in an uncommon type not usually associated with diseases of the scalp and has only been reported in female children. The pathophysiology and origin of HC is poorly understood with only 37 cases reported in the literature. @ ES OBJECTIVE: our pupose was to establish the prevalence of hair cast in schoold children and to determine the predisposing factors of hair casts in Korea. METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-seven students of elementary schools(274male, 263female) were examined. Samples of plucked hair were stained with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and examined under light microscopes. RESULTS: There were 182 patients with HC;Peripilar keratin casts:174(CRSC 165, ERSC 7, IRSC 2); paakeratotic HC:8. In a total of 182 patients with HC, 181 were girls and the incidence of HC in female children was 68.8%(181/263). In girls who tie up or weave their hair, the incidence of peripilar keratin casts was as high as 81.8%(171/209). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the traction to the hair follicle may play a role in the generation of HC, and that peripilar keratin casts are not rare in Korea.
Causality ; Child* ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Scalp ; Traction

No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

Tibial tunnel placement during endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has received increased emphasis in the recent literature. Tibial tunnel length is a factor that affect graft fixation, potential impingement, and graft abrasion. Appropriate tunnel length is a critical tecpnical consideration. A tunnel that is too long may make distal fixation and femoral tunnel placement difficult... A tunnel that is too short results in graft extrusion, necessitating supplemental fixation techniques. This grafl-tunnel mismatch can be avoided if fhe sum of the tibial tunnel length plus the intraarticular distance of ACL is equal to or greater than the graft tendon length plus 20mm (the minimum interference fixation possible when using the smallest available 20 mm long interference screw). Authors published an article to determine the reiationship between the length of patellar tendon and that of anterior cruciate ligament, to calculate the tibial tunnel length through the dissection of 19 cadaveric knees (ACL length (mm)=0.73 X Patellar tendon length-2.69 (p Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Knee ; Patellar Ligament ; Tendons ; Transplants